Mechanical stability of the magnet girder assembly at the SSRF

Electron beam stability is very important for third‐generation light sources, especially for the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), whose ground vibration is much larger than other light sources. The mechanical stability of the magnet girder assemblies (MGAs) in a storage ring is essential for electron beam stability and performance. In order to improve the mechanical stability of the R&D MGAs in the storage ring of the SSRF, the number of MGAs in each lattice cell has been modified from three to five, and the girder structure has been optimized. Vibration measurements have been performed on the modified MGA prototype (the longest and heaviest MGA in the cell) to investigate mechanical stability and the influence of cooling water on magnet vibration. Measurement results show that the modified MGA has improved the first eigenfrequency from 5.9 Hz in R&D time to 21.9 Hz in the lateral and 22.5 Hz in the vertical direction; it has a good mechanical stability performance compared with other third‐generation light source projects; and the influence of cooling water on the magnet vibration is about 4%, less than that of the ground vibration.     

第三代同步辐射光源储存环支撑组件振动控制研究

第三代同步辐射光源对束流轨道稳定性要求很高, 上海光源是一台在建的第三代光源, 束流位置稳定度要求达到微米乃至亚微米级. 地基振动会使储存环磁聚焦结构中的各种元件发生机械振动引起随时间变化的束流闭合轨道畸变, 影响束流轨道稳定性. 上海光源场地振动幅值大, 需要研究措施控制机械组件的振动. 阻尼减振是一种有效的振动控制方法, 针对上海光源储存环机械组件, 作者设计了一种阻尼减振方案. 试验结果表明, 该方案能有效地控制机械组件的振动. 这对于保证上海光源的束流稳定性要求有积极意义.     

Air-ground interaction in long range propagation of low frequency sound and vibration—field tests and model verification

An extensive program of intermediate and long range impulsive sound propagation field tests have been conducted. The test program and the performed measurements are presented. Particular focus is given on the air-ground interaction and its effect on low frequency sound and vibration propagation. It is found that the pressure wave interaction with the viscoelastic Rayleigh wave in the ground may have a significant effect on the ground impedance and the sound and vibration propagation. This introduces an important mechanism not covered in commonly used ground impedance models. Numerical simulation models have been developed and verified against the test data. The ground impedance does not only effect the sound pressure propagation. If either acoustically induced ground vibration, or ground to building transmitted vibration, is to be considered, the acousto-seismic impedance has a dramatic effect on the level of ground vibration induced by a given sound pressure. For a site where Rayleigh wave interaction appears at the dominant frequencies of the sound pressure, the ground vibration may be greater than a factor 100 (40 dB) than at a site with ground conditions not making the interaction happen.     

Isolation effect of a dynamic damper and a trench on ground vibration caused by a construction machine

In this study, a simple isolation method of ground vibration is proposed by using a dynamic damper and a trench, which is feasible for temporary use during a construction period. The ground is modeled as a two-dimensional plane model. Periodic impulsive excitation acts at one point on the ground surface, and the vibrations are measured at several evaluation points on the ground surface. A simple dynamic damper composed of a weight and a restoring element is set up at the ground surface or in the shallow trench, and the vibration isolation effect is examined. The simulation shows that the ground vibration can be isolated when the dynamic damper is set near the excitation point on the ground surface, and setting the dynamic damper in a shallow trench has almost the same isolation effect as that in a deep trench. The results indicate that the proposed isolation method is feasible for actual application.     

Effects of a multi-layered poro-elastic ground on attenuation of acoustic waves and ground vibration

Ground conditions affect the propagation of outdoor sound and vibration. This paper focuses on the interaction between air pressure and porous ground at low frequencies- where mechanisms other than the rigid porous effects used in locally reacting models may be important. A 2-D analytical model has been developed in this study for the calculation of acoustic and acousto-seismic admittances in a multi-layered poro-elastic ground. The model can be used as a prediction tool both for the ground effect on the sound and the generation of ground vibration by the sound. The modelled acoustic admittance is validated successfully against established rigid frame admittance models over a frequency range of 1 Hz-3 kHz. Moreover, the acousto-seismic impedance is verified against full scale airblast field test data measured during the Norwegian Trials full scale field test program. For certain ground types, the predicted acoustic admittance illustrates a different behaviour compared with predictions from the traditional rigid frame acoustic impedance models. This emphasises the importance of including a deformable frame in the model to obtain realistic results for these conditions.     

Wave propagation in ground-structure systems,Part II: Parametric survey

The effect of varying certain parameters concerned in the process of wave propagation in ground-structure systems on the dynamic response is evaluated numerically by using previously established models of the systems. For two types of model having different contact conditions the response resulting from a harmonic line force applied on the ground surface is determined. The results of variation in vibration and sound radiation with varying properties of the ground, contact condition, material and thickness of the structure are presented. It is found that the response strongly depends on both viscosity of the ground and properties of the structure base slab.     

SSRF中BPM支撑的机械稳定性分析

主要对上海光源(SSRF)束流位置监视器(BPM)支撑的机械稳定性进行了研究.受有限元计算与初始设计方案的振动测试结果不一致的启发,对BPM支撑与地面的连接考虑了三种方案:膨胀螺母、半灌浆与全灌浆连接.通过采用改进的全灌浆连接来代替初始设计的膨胀螺母连接,BPM支撑的横向最低共振频率由20.2Hz增加到50.2Hz,支撑顶部与地面的横向均方根位移(4-50Hz)之比由4.36降低到1.32,机械稳定性能得到大大的提高.     

卫星振动频率和振幅对高光谱成像质量影响的仿真分析和实验研究

在星载推扫式高光谱成像仪成像过程中,卫星平台以振动为典型形式的姿态运动会导致探测器上不同的地物信息相互混叠,引起高光谱图像质量的退化。为了更有效地抑制、校正与补偿卫星振动引入的成像误差,针对典型色散型推扫成像光谱仪受平台振动而产生的空间维、光谱维质量退化的机理进行仿真分析和实验研究。通过分析其曝光时间内的光谱混合过程,得到了地物光谱和卫星姿态之间的关系,建立了推扫光谱成像退化模型。该模型综合考虑了不同姿态振动模式的影响,只要给出每个时刻的卫星平台姿态参数,即可通过普适的系数矩阵计算得出每个混合像元的平均混合比,进而获得仿真的退化高光谱数据立方体。详细推导了平均混合比的一般表达形式,对振幅、频率等振动参数对光谱混合的影响分别进行了定量分析。以实际运动状态下拍摄获得的高光谱数据立方体为例,进行了退化仿真和地面模拟运动退化实验,并对退化前后的高光谱数据进行了评价。结果表明,退化仿真和实际退化效果吻合,平均混合比能够直接反映高光谱图像退化的程度;卫星振动造成高光谱图像空间维质量恶化,使不同地物目标的光谱发生了混叠;高光谱数据的退化程度主要由振幅决定,振动频率对退化的影响较小。     

A comparison of a theoretical model for quasi-statically and dynamically induced environmental vibration from trains with measurements

This paper presents comparisons between a theoretical ground vibration model and measured data at three sites. The model, which is briefly outlined here, encompasses both the quasi-static and dynamic mechanisms of excitation. The vertical dynamics of a number of vehicles travelling at a constant speed on an infinite track are coupled to a semi-analytical model for a three-dimensional layered ground. This model is also used to demonstrate the roles of the two components of vibration at different frequencies and for train speeds below and above the lowest ground wave speed. It is found that, in most practical cases, the dynamic component gives rise to the higher level of vibration.     

上海光源储存环轨道噪声分析

利用上海光源束流位置测量系统Libera电子学对储存环轨道数据进行了测量,分析了Libera对束流位置测量系统探头信号的处理过程,应用MATLAB软件对数据进行了处理,采用Welch方法对轨道噪声数据进行了功率谱和积分功率谱分析,获得了主要噪声源的相关信息,为消除噪声、提高轨道稳定性提供了依据。实验结果表明：在储存环的不同位置,噪声功率谱的结构具有相似性;尽管不同频段噪声对功率谱影响不同,但是噪声源主要来自于低频段的地基振动、支架共振和磁铁电源。     

上海光源储存环轨道噪声分析

利用上海光源束流位置测量系统Libera电子学对储存环轨道数据进行了测量,分析了Libera对束流位置测量系统探头信号的处理过程,应用MATLAB软件对数据进行了处理,采用Welch方法对轨道噪声数据进行了功率谱和积分功率谱分析,获得了主要噪声源的相关信息,为消除噪声、提高轨道稳定性提供了依据。实验结果表明:在储存环的不同位置,噪声功率谱的结构具有相似性;尽管不同频段噪声对功率谱影响不同,但是噪声源主要来自于低频段的地基振动、支架共振和磁铁电源。     

变压器振动在典型建筑结构中的衰减特性*

为掌握10 kV居民区配电变压器振动在建筑中的衰减规律,将实测的变压器振动加速度转化为激励力,作用于剪力墙和框架建筑上,采用有限元法仿真研究变压器振动在建筑中的衰减特性。结果表明,在具有相同层高、层数的剪力墙、框架高层建筑中,位于负一层的变压器传播至各楼层的铅垂向振动加速度级(0～500 Hz),随楼层离地高度h对数值(lg h)的增加线性下降,其斜率分别为33.26和24.84,前者的衰减速率(lg h每增加1振动加速度级的衰减量)约为后者的1.3倍;在剪力墙、框架多层建筑中斜率分别为31.87和20.07,前者的衰减速率约为后者的1.6倍。可见,当建筑层高、层数相同时,变压器振动在剪力墙建筑中比框架建筑中衰减更快;当建筑结构相同时,振动在高层建筑中的衰减速率略大于多层建筑。对0～80 Hz环境振动,变压器振动在剪力墙高层建筑中的铅垂向Z振级衰减速率约为框架高层建筑的2.4倍;剪力墙多层建筑振动衰减速率约为框架多层建筑的3.7倍。在此基础上,建立了变压器传播至剪力墙、框架建筑不同楼层的振动单值和分频段预测模型,可为变压器引起的建筑室内振动预测和控制提供依据。     

空地激光通信跟踪精度主要外界影响因素研究

为了分析空地激光通信外界因素对跟踪精度的影响情况,将平台振动、大气湍流和背景光三个主要影响因素归结到对跟踪精度影响的统一框架下进行了研究。使用实际测量得到的平台振动数据,建立空地激光通信跟踪仿真系统,分析了不同条件下,三种外界因素对跟踪精度的综合影响情况。在文中假设基础上,分析可知:粗跟踪单元可以较好的抑制地面运动平台的振动,保证激光能够进入精跟踪视场;中强度的湍流使精跟踪残差标准差增大4倍左右,如果试验地点选择在高海拔地区,大气湍流使精跟踪残差标准差增大2倍左右。     

The dynamic Casimir effect within a vibrating metal photonic crystal

The lattice-vibrating metal photonic crystal is exactly a system of dynamical Casimir effect connected in series, and so we can expect that a dynamical Casimir effect is enhanced by the photonic band effect. In the present study, when an electromagnetic field between metal plates is in the ground state in a one-dimensional metal photonic crystal, the radiation of electromagnetic wave in excited states has been investigated by artificially introducing lattice vibration to the photonic crystal. In this case as well as a dynamical Casimir effect, it has been shown that the harmonics of a ground state are generated just by vibrating a photonic crystal even without an incident wave. The dependencies of the radiating power on the number of layers and on the wavenumber of the lattice vibration are remarkable. It has been found that the radiation amplitude on lower excited states is not necessarily large and radiation on specific excited levels is large.     

温度对抛物量子点中强耦合磁极化子性质的影响

采用线性组合算符法和LLP变换法,研究了温度对抛物量子点中强耦合磁极化子性质的影响.首次得到了抛物量子点中强耦合磁极化子的基态能量和振动频率随温度的变化规律.结果表明,量子点中强耦合磁极化子的振动频率随温度的升高而减小,随量子点的受限强度、回旋频率和耦合强度的增加而增大.而基态能量随回旋频率、耦合强度和温度变化的规律与磁极化子的状态性质密切相关.磁极化子基态能量和振动频率随量子点的受限强度、回旋频率和耦舍强度的变化情况受温度的显著影响,不过,温度对磁极化子基态能量和振动频率的影响只有在较高温度(O<γ<0.5)时才显现.     

Ground vibrations detection with fiber optic sensor

In this paper, a fiber optic sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is employed to measure the ground vibrations which may be generated by earthquakes, debris flows, landslides, and rock impacts on the ground. The detected vibration signals were analyzed by both fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Gabor transform to obtain the frequency response. The performance of fiber optic sensor was examined and compared with the conventional ground vibration geophone sensor. From the results of field tests, the fiber optic sensor shows highly similarity with conventional geophone sensor for low frequency measurement. The fiber optic vibration sensing system presented in this research is appropriate for sensing ground vibration in the frequency ranges of 10–250 Hz. The sensor proved to be an alternative option for ground vibrations monitoring system.     

Predicting surface vibration from underground railways through inhomogeneous soil

Noise and vibration from underground railways is a major source of disturbance to inhabitants near subways. To help designers meet noise and vibration limits, numerical models are used to understand vibration propagation from these underground railways. However, the models commonly assume the ground is homogeneous and neglect to include local variability in the soil properties. Such simplifying assumptions add a level of uncertainty to the predictions which is not well understood. The goal of the current paper is to quantify the effect of soil inhomogeneity on surface vibration. The thin-layer method (TLM) is suggested as an efficient and accurate means of simulating vibration from underground railways in arbitrarily layered half-spaces. Stochastic variability of the soil's elastic modulus is introduced using a K–L expansion; the modulus is assumed to have a log-normal distribution and a modified exponential covariance kernel. The effect of horizontal soil variability is investigated by comparing the stochastic results for soils varied only in the vertical direction to soils with 2D variability. Results suggest that local soil inhomogeneity can significantly affect surface velocity predictions; 90 percent confidence intervals showing 8 dB averages and peak values up to 12 dB are computed. This is a significant source of uncertainty and should be considered when using predictions from models assuming homogeneous soil properties. Furthermore, the effect of horizontal variability of the elastic modulus on the confidence interval appears to be negligible. This suggests that only vertical variation needs to be taken into account when modelling ground vibration from underground railways.     

Analyses of wave field from high-speed train on viaduct at shallow/deep soft grounds

In this paper, based on field measurements for the passage of the Shinkansen high speed trains on viaducts, the author reports the induced ground vibration features at distinctly different sites: one site is characterized by a deep soft soil and the other by a shallow soft soil both of which lie on stiff bottom. The conventional vibration assessment is normally addressed to the vibration levels based on acceleration maxima. However, in view of the vibration reception by nearby residents, firstly, a detailed investigation is attempted on the recorded time histories and on their Fourier spectra, locating the so-called low frequency vibration generation at the former site and such vibration impediment at the latter site. Then, theoretical consideration is to clarify the Shinkansen-train induced ground vibrations from a viaduct. The characterization based on the wave theory using the thin layer method reveals that, depending on the depth of surface layer, the ground-borne vibration is of significantly low frequency wave modes of dispersive propagation when it is deep or it makes the wave modes shifted towards higher frequency range when it is shallow. This finding makes an important element to better predict and assess vibration level and to develop barriers against it for mitigation.     

Dynamic performance of the beam position monitor support at the SSRF

Electron beam stability is very important for third‐generation light sources, especially for the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility whose ground vibrations are much larger than those for other light sources. Beam position monitors (BPMs), used to monitor the position of the electron beam, require a greater stability than other mechanical structures. This paper concentrates on an investigation of the dynamic performance of the BPM support prototype. Modal and response analyses have been carried out by finite‐element (FE) calculations and vibration measurements. Inconsistent results between calculation and measurement have motivated a change in the soft connections between the support and the ground from a ground bolt in the initial design to full grout. As a result the mechanical stability of the BPM support is greatly improved, showing an increase in the first eigenfrequency from 20.2 Hz to 50.2 Hz and a decrease in the ratio of the root‐mean‐square displacement (4–50 Hz) between the ground and the top of the support from 4.36 to 1.23 in the lateral direction. An example is given to show how FE analysis can guide the mechanical design and dynamic measurements (i.e. it is not just used as a verification method). Similar ideas can be applied to improve the stability of other mechanical structures.     

Analysis of acoustic to seismic coupling technique for buried landmines detection

The mechanical interaction between the induced seismic waves and landmines was analyzed according to acoustic-to-seismic coupling theory. And a geophone array based experimental system for landmine detection was developed. By modeling a compliant mine and the soil on top of the mine as a mass-spring system, analytic method was adopted to study the resonance mechanism of the system. A loudspeaker was employed as energy source to excite a swept sine tone over the soil. We also used a geophone array to measure the vibration velocity of the ground surface. In order to analysis the landmine effect on the surface vibration, the magnitude spectra curves of the measured velocity values on-and-off mine were plotted. The results showed that the data measured on mine is much bigger than that off target and the proposed system can be applied to further investigation of acoustic landmines detection.