The stationary and non-stationary stokes system in exterior domains with non-zero divergence and non-zero boundary values

In an exterior domain Ω??ⁿ, n ? 2, we consider the generalized Stokes resolvent problem in L^q-space where the divergence g = div u and inhomogeneous boundary values u = ψ with zero flux ∫_?Ωψ·N do = 0 may be prescribed. A crucial step in our approach is to find and to analyse the right space for the divergence g. We prove existence, uniqueness and a priori estimates of the solution and get new results for the divergence problem. Further, we consider the non-stationary Stokes system with non-homogeneous divergence and boundary values and prove estimates of the solution in L⁵(0, T;L^q(Ω)) for 1 < s, q < ∞.     

Generalized spherical harmonics and exterior differentiation in weighted sobolev spaces

We generalize spherical harmonics expansions of scalar functions to expansions of alternating differential forms (‘q-forms’). To this end we develop a calculus for the use of spherical co-ordinates for q-forms and determine the eigen-q-forms of the Beltrami-operator on S^N?1 which replace the classical spherical harmonics. We characterize and classify homogeneous q-forms u which satisfy Δu = 0 on ?^N??{0} and determine Fredholm properties, kernel and range of the exterior derivative d acting in weighted L^p-spaces of q-forms (generalizing results of McOwen for the scalar Laplacian). These techniques and results are necessary prerequisites for the discussion of the low-frequency behaviour in exterior boundary value problems for systems occurring in electromagnetism and isotropic elasticity.     

Optimal query error of quantum approximation on some Sobolev classes

We study the approximation of the imbedding of functions from anisotropic and general-ized Sobolev classes into Lq([0,1]d) space in the quantum model of computation. Based on the quantum algorithms for approximation of finite imbedding from LpN to LNq , we develop quantum algorithms for approximating the imbedding from anisotropic Sobolev classes B(Wpr ([0,1]d)) to Lq([0,1]d) space for all 1 q,p ∞ and prove their optimality. Our results show that for p < q the quantum model of computation can bring a speedup roughly up to a squaring of the rate in the classical deterministic and randomized settings.     

Fast computations with the harmonic Poincaré–Steklov operators on nested refined meshes

In this paper we develop asymptotically optimal algorithms for fast computations with the discrete harmonic Poincaré–Steklov operators (Dirichlet–Neumann mapping) for interior and exterior problems in the presence of a nested mesh refinement. Our approach is based on the multilevel interface solver applied to the Schur complement reduction onto the nested refined interface associated with a nonmatching decomposition of a polygon by rectangular substructures. This paper extends methods from Khoromskij and Prössdorf (1995), where the finite element approximations of interior problems on quasi‐uniform grids have been considered. For both interior and exterior problems, the matrix–vector multiplication with the compressed Schur complement matrix on the interface is shown to have a complexity of the order O(N _r log³ N _u), where N_r = O((1 + p _r) N _u) is the number of degrees of freedom on the polygonal boundary under consideration, N _u is the boundary dimension of a finest quasi‐uniform level and p _r ⩾ 0 defines the refinement depth. The corresponding memory needs are estimated by O(N _r log^q N _u), where q = 2 or q = 3 in the case of interior and exterior problems, respectively.

     

Lq‐estimates for the stationary Oseen equations on the exterior of a rotating obstacle

We study the Dirichlet problem for the stationary Oseen equations around a rotating body in an exterior domain. Our main results are the existence and uniqueness of weak and very weak solutions satisfying appropriate L^q‐estimates. The uniqueness of very weak solutions is shown by the method of cut‐off functions with an anisotropic decay. Then our existence result for very weak solutions is deduced by a duality argument from the existence and estimates of strong solutions. From this and interior regularity of very weak solutions, we finally establish the complete D^1,r‐result for weak solutions of the Oseen equations around a rotating body in an exterior domain, where 4/3<r <4. Here, D^1,r is the homogeneous Sobolev space.     

Sharp bounds for the number of 3‐independent partitions and the chromaticity of bipartite graphs

Given a graph G and an integer k ≥ 1, let α(G, k) denote the number of k‐independent partitions of G. Let ??^?s(p,q) (resp., ??₂^?s(p,q)) denote the family of connected (resp., 2‐connected) graphs which are obtained from the complete bipartite graph K_p,q by deleting a set of s edges, where p ≥ q ≥ 2. This paper first gives a sharp upper bound for α(G,3), where G ∈ ?? ^?s(p,q) and 0 ≤ s ≤ (p ? 1)(q ? 1) (resp., G ∈ ?? ₂^?s(p,q) and 0 ≤ s ≤ p + q ? 4). These bounds are then used to show that if G ∈ ?? ^?s(p,q) (resp., G ∈ ?? ₂^?s (p,q)), then the chromatic equivalence class of G is a subset of the union of the sets ??^?s_i(p+i,q?i) where max and s_i = s ? i(p?q+i) (resp., a subset of ??₂^?s(p,q), where either 0 ≤ s ≤ q ? 1, or s ≤ 2q ? 3 and p ≥ q + 4). By applying these results, we show finally that any 2‐connected graph obtained from K_p,q by deleting a set of edges that forms a matching of size at most q ? 1 or that induces a star is chromatically unique. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 37: 48–77, 2001     

Best N Term Approximation Spaces for Tensor Product Wavelet Bases

We consider best N term approximation using anisotropic tensor product wavelet bases ("sparse grids"). We introduce a tensor product structure ⊗_q on certain quasi-Banach spaces. We prove that the approximation spaces A^α_q(L₂) and A^α_q(H¹) equal tensor products of Besov spaces B^α_q(L_q), e.g., A^α_q(L₂([0,1]^d)) = B^α_q(L_q([0,1])) ⊗_q · ⊗_q B^α_{q · ·}(L_q([0,1])). Solutions to elliptic partial differential equations on polygonal/polyhedral domains belong to these new scales of Besov spaces.     

Compactness of the Canonical Solution Operator of $ \bar \partial $ on Bounded Pseudoconvex Domains

On bounded pseudoconvex domains Ω the orthogonal projection P_q : L²_(p,q) (Ω) → ker _q is given by P_q = Id – S_{q+1 q} = Id – ^*_q+1N_{q+1 q}, where S_q is the canonical solution operator of the ‐equation and N_q is the ‐Neumann operator. We prove a formula for the solution operator S_q restricted on (0, q)‐forms with holomorphic coefficients. And as an application we get a characterization of compactness of the solution operator restricted on (0, q)‐forms with holomorphic coefficients. On general (0, q)‐forms we show that this condition is necessary for compactness of the solution operator.     

On generalized energy equality of the Navier-Stokes equations

We show that for every initial dataa εL ²(Ω) there exists a weak solutionu of the Navier-Stokes equations satisfying the generalized energy inequality introduced by Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg forn=3. We also show that if a weak solutionu εL ^s (0,T;L ^q (Ω)) with 2/q + 2/s ≤ 1 and 3/q + 1/s ≤ 1 forn=3, or 2/q + 2/s ≤ 1 andq ≥ 4 forn ≥ 4, thenu satisfies both the generalized and the usual energy equalities. Moreover we show that the generalized energy equality holds only under the local hypothesis thatu εL ^s (ε, T; L ^q (K)) for all compact setsK ⊂ ⊂ Ω and all 0 <ε <T with the same (q, s) as above when 3 ≤n ≤ 10.     

Regularity of weak solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations in exterior domains

Let u be a weak solution of the Navier–Stokes equations in an exterior domain ${\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^3}Let u be a weak solution of the Navier–Stokes equations in an exterior domain W ì \mathbbR³{\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^3} and a time interval [0, T[ , 0 < T ≤ ∞, with initial value u ₀, external force f = div F, and satisfying the strong energy inequality. It is well known that global regularity for u is an unsolved problem unless we state additional conditions on the data u ₀ and f or on the solution u itself such as Serrin’s condition || u ||_{L^s(0,T; L^q(W))} < ￥{\| u \|_{L^s(0,T; L^q(\Omega))} < \infty} with 2 < s < ￥, \frac2s + \frac3q = 1{2 < s < \infty, \frac{2}{s} + \frac{3}{q} =1}. In this paper, we generalize results on local in time regularity for bounded domains, see Farwig et al. (Indiana Univ Math J 56:2111–2131, 2007; J Math Fluid Mech 11:1–14, 2008; Banach Center Publ 81:175–184, 2008), to exterior domains. If e.g. u fulfills Serrin’s condition in a left-side neighborhood of t or if the norm || u ||_{L^s￠(t-d,t; L^q(W))}{\| u \|_{L^{s'}(t-\delta,t; L^q(\Omega))}} converges to 0 sufficiently fast as δ → 0 + , where ${\frac{2}{s'} + \frac{3}{q} > 1}${\frac{2}{s'} + \frac{3}{q} > 1}, then u is regular at t. The same conclusion holds when the kinetic energy \frac12|| u(t) ||₂²{\frac{1}{2}\| u(t) \|_2^2} is locally H?lder continuous with exponent ${\alpha > \frac{1}{2}}${\alpha > \frac{1}{2}}.     

Atomic decompositions of function spaces with Muckenhoupt weights,and some relation to fractal analysis

This paper deals with atomic decompositions in spaces of type B^s_p,q (?ⁿ , w), F^s_p,q (?ⁿ , w), 0 < p < ∞, 0 < q ≤ ∞, s ∈ ?, where the weight function w belongs to some Muckenhoupt class A_r. In particular, we consider the weight function w^Γ_κ (x) = dist(x, Γ)^κ, where Γ is some d ‐set, 0 < d < n, and κ > –(n – d). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Bounded imaginary powers and <Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis><Subscript>∞</Subscript>-calculus of the Stokes operator in two-dimensional exterior domains

The present contribution deals with the Stokes operator A_q on L^q_σ(Ω), 1<q<∞, where Ω is an exterior domain in ℝ² of class C². It is proved that A_q admits a bounded H_∞-calculus. This implies the existence of bounded imaginary powers of A_q, which has several important applications. – So far this property was only known for exterior domains in ℝⁿ, n≥3. – In particular, this shows that A_q has maximal regularity on L^q_σ(Ω). For the proof the resolvent (λ+A_q)⁻¹ has to be analyzed for |λ|→∞ and λ→0. For large λ this is done using an approximate resolvent based on the results of [3], which were obtained by applying the calculus of pseudodifferential boundary value problems. For small λ we analyze the representation of the resolvent developed in [11] by a potential theoretical method.     

Algebra Forms with $$d^{N} = 0$$ on Quantum Plane. Generalized Clifford Algebra Approach

We construct a q-analog of exterior calculus with a differential d satisfying d ^N = 0, where N ≥ 2 and q is a primitive Nth root of unity, on a noncommutative space and introduce a notion of a q-differential k-form. A noncommutative space we consider is a reduced quantum plane. Our construction of a q-analog of exterior calculus is based on a generalized Clifford algebra with four generators and on a graded q-differential algebra. We study the structure of the algebra of q-differential forms on a reduced quantum plane and show that the first order calculus induced by the differential d is a coordinate calculus. The explicit formulae for partial derivatives of this first order calculus are found.     

Weyl quantization of Lebesgue spaces

We study boundedness and compactness properties for the Weyl quantization with symbols in L^q (?^2d ) acting on L^p (?^d ). This is shown to be equivalent, in suitable Banach space setting, to that of the Wigner transform. We give a short proof by interpolation of Lieb's sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the Wigner transform, proving furthermore that these conditions are also necessary. This yields a complete characterization of boundedness for Weyl operators in L^p setting; compactness follows by approximation. We extend these results defining two scales of spaces, namely L_*^q (?^2d ) and L_?^q (R^2d ), respectively smaller and larger than the L^q (?^2d ),and showing that the Weyl correspondence is bounded on L_*^q (R^2d ) (and yields compact operators), whereas it is not on L_?^q (R^2d ). We conclude with a remark on weak‐type L^p boundedness (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Sobolev inequalities for differential forms andL q,p -cohomology

We study the relation between Sobolev inequalities for differential forms on a Riemannian manifold (M, g) and the L_q,p-cohomology of that manifold. The L_q,p-cohomology of (M,g) is defined to be the quotient of the space of closed differential forms in L^p(M) modulo the exact forms which are exterior differentials of forms in L^q (M).     

Asymptotic behavior for the Navier–Stokes equations in 2D exterior domains

We show that the L^p spatial–temporal decay rates of solutions of incompressible flow in an 2D exterior domain. When a domain has a boundary, pressure term makes an obstacle since we do not have enough information on the pressure term near the boundary. To overcome the difficulty, we adopt the ideas in He, Xin [C. He, Z. Xin, Weighted estimates for nonstationary Navier–Stokes equations in exterior domain, Methods Appl. Anal. 7 (3) (2000) 443–458], and our previous results [H.-O. Bae, B.J. Jin, Asymptotic behavior of Stokes solutions in 2D exterior domains, J. Math. Fluid Mech., in press; H.-O. Bae, B.J. Jin, Temporal and spatial decay rates of Navier–Stokes solutions in exterior domains, submitted for publication]. For the spatial decay rate estimate, we first extend temporal decay rate result of the Navier–Stokes solutions for general L^p space when the initial velocity is in , 1<rq<∞ (1<r<q=∞).     

The Helmholtz decomposition of weightedLq-spaces for Muckenhoupt weights

We consider weights of Muckenhoupt classA _q, 1<q<∞. For a bounded Lipschitz domain Ω⊂ℝⁿ we prove a compact embedding and a Poincaré inequality in weighted Sobolev spaces. These technical tools allow us to solve the weak Neumann problem for the Laplace equation in weighted spaces on ℝⁿ, ℝⁿ ₊, on bounded and on exterior domains Ω with boundary of classC ¹, which will yield the Helmholtz decomposition ofL _ω ^q(Ω)ⁿ for general ω∈A _q. This is done by transferring the method of Simader and Sohr [4] to the weighted case. Our result generalizes a result of Farwig and Sohr [2] where the Helmholtz decomposition ofL _ω ^p(Ω)ⁿ is proved for an exterior domain and weights of Muckenhoupt class without singularities or degeneracies in a neighbourhood of ϖΩ.

---

Sunto In questo lavoro consideriamo dei pesi della classe di MuckenhouptA _q, 1<q<∞. Per un dominio limitato lipschitziano Ω⊂ℝⁿ, dimostriamo una immersione compatta ed una disuguaglianza di Poincaré in spazi di Sobolev con peso. Questa tecnica ci consente di risolvere il problema debole di Neumann per l’equazione di Laplace in spazi pesati in ℝⁿ, ℝⁿ ₊ in domini limitati ed in domini esterni con frontiera di classeC ¹, che conduce alla decomposizione di Helmholtz diL _ω ^q(Ω)ⁿ per un qualsiasi ω∈A _q. Il risultato è ottenuto trasferendo il metodo di Simader e Sohr [4] al caso pesato. Quello qui presente estende un risultato di Farwig e Sohr [2] dove la decomposizione di Helmholtz diL _ω ^q(Ω)ⁿ è dimostrata per domini esterni e pesi della classe di Muckenhoupt privi di singolarità in un intorno di ϖΩ.

     

Perturbations of Banach Frames and Atomic Decompositions

Banach frames and atomic decompositions are sequences that have basis-like properties but which need not be bases. In particular, they allow elements of a Banach space to be written as linear combinations of the frame or atomic decomposition elements in a stable manner. In this paper we prove several functional — analytic properties of these decompositions, and show how these properties apply to Gabor and wavelet systems. We first prove that frames and atomic decompositions are stable under small perturbations. This is inspired by corresponding classical perturbation results for bases, including the Paley — Wiener basis stability criteria and the perturbation theorem el kato. We introduce new and weaker conditions which ensure the desired stability. We then prove quality properties of atomic decompositions and consider some consequences for Hilbert frames. Finally, we demonstrate how our results apply in the practical case of Gabor systems in weighted L² spaces. Such systems can form atomic decompositions for L²_w(IR), but cannot form Hilbert frames but L²_w(IR) unless the weight is trivial.     

The Two-Step Nilpotent Representations of the Extended Affine Hecke Algebra of Type A

We define a set of cell modules for the extended affine Hecke algebra of type A which are parametrised by SL_n()-conjugacy classes of pairs (s, N), where s SL_n() is semisimple and N is a nilpotent element of the Lie algebra which has at most two Jordan blocks and satisfies Ad(s)·N=q ² N. When q ²–1, each of these has irreducible head, and the irreducible representations of the affine Hecke algebra so obtained are precisely those which factor through its Temperley–Lieb quotient. When q ²=–1, the above remarks apply to a subset of the cell modules. Using our work on the cellular nature of those quotients, we are able to obtain complete information on the decomposition of the cell modules in all cases, even when q is a root of unity. They turn out to be multiplicity free, and the composition factors may be precisely described in terms of a partial order on the pairs (s, N). These results give explicit formulae for the dimensions of the irreducibles. Assuming our modules are identified with the standard modules earlier defined by Bernstein–Zelevinski, Kazhdan–Lusztig and others, our results may be interpreted as the determination of certain Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials. [This has now been proved and will appear in a subsequent work of the authors.]The second author thanks the Australian Research Council and the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung for support and the Universität Bielefeld for hospitality during the preparation of this work.