Computation of the shock adiabats of argon and xenon

Results of computations of the shock adiabats of Ar and Xe taking account of ionization, electron excitation, and a nonideal plasma are represented. Energy losses by radiation are estimated.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 3, pp. 70–76, May–June, 1973.     

Resonance regimes in the neighborhood of bifurcation points of codimension 2 in the Couette-Taylor problem

The bifurcation in a dynamical system with cylindrical symmetry dependent on several parameters is studied with reference to the Couette-Taylor problem. Points at which two neutral curves intersect (bifurcation points of codimension 2) corresponding to several independent neutral modes are found. In the neighborhood of the bifurcation points of codimension 2 the interaction of these modes can be described by a system of amplitude equations on the central manifold. If the neutral modes are nonrotationally symmetrical, there exist seven different resonance states that influence the cubic terms of the amplitude system. For the resonances Res 0 and Res 3 the results of calculating the intersection points are presented and the conditions under which stationary regimes exist and are stable are analyzed.     

Shock adiabats of porous metals

In this paper we investigate the shock compression and also the unloading of shock-loaded metals, taking into account the air in the pore spaces between the grains of continuous metal. We study the range of pressures and temperatures of the air during the shock compression, wherein the contribution of the thermal radiation of the air to the pressure and energy is still unimportant. The experimental results, obtained in the pressure range 40–850 kbar for Ni, Cu, and W, agree within experimental error with calculated data. We give the experimental results for the unloading of porous copper from a pressure state of 485 kbar.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 2, pp. 101–105, March–April, 1971.     

Hypersonic three-dimensional viscous shock layer in a nonuniform gas flow in the neighborhood of the stagnation point

Three-dimensional hypersonic viscous gas flow past smooth blunt bodies in the presence of injection or suction is considered. The effect of the nonuniformity of the approach stream on the shock-wave standoff, the flow structure and the friction and heat transfer coefficients is investigated with reference to the examples of flow from a supersonic spherical source and flow of the far wake type. It is shown that this effect depends importantly on the Reynolds number, the nature of the nonuniformity and the shape of the body.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 6, pp. 136–145, November–December, 1987.     

Unsteady three-dimensional viscous shock layer in nonuniform gas flow in the neighborhood of a stagnation point

The combined influence of unsteady effects and free-stream nonuniformity on the variation of the flow structure near the stagnation line and the mechanical and thermal surface loads is investigated within the framework of the thin viscous shock layer model with reference to the example of the motion of blunt bodies at constant velocity through a plane temperature inhomogeneity. The dependence of the friction and heat transfer coefficients on the Reynolds number, the shape of the body and the parameters of the temperature inhomogeneity is analyzed. A number of properties of the flow are established on the basis of numerical solutions obtained over a broad range of variation of the governing parameters. By comparing the solutions obtained in the exact formulation with the calculations made in the quasisteady approximation the region of applicability of the latter is determined. In a number of cases of the motion of a body at supersonic speed in nonuniform media it is necessary to take into account the effect of the nonstationarity of the problem on the flow parameters. In particular, as the results of experiments [1] show, at Strouhal numbers of the order of unity the unsteady effects are important in the problem of the motion of a body through a temperature inhomogeneity. In a number of studies the nonstationary effect associated with supersonic motion in nonuniform media has already been investigated theoretically. In [2] the Euler equations were used, while in [3–5] the equations of a viscous shock layer were used; moreover, whereas in [3–4] the solution was limited to the neighborhood of the stagnation line, in [5] it was obtained for the entire forward surface of a sphere. The effect of free-stream nonuniformity on the structure of the viscous shock layer in steady flow past axisymmetric bodies was studied in [6, 7] and for certain particular cases of three-dimensional flow in [8–11].Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 175–180, May–June, 1990.     

Shock adiabats in a mixture of gas and particles

Shock waves in a mixture of a gas and incompressible drops or particles are considered. We construct the shock adiabat connecting the states in front of and behind a discontinuity, on which the processes of interaction of the phases are assumed to be frozen. It follows from analysis of this adiabat that when particles are present in the gas pressure discontinuities of infinite intensity are impossible, which distinguishes this adiabat from the Hugoniot adiabat in gas dynamics.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 5, pp. 163–167, September–October, 1979.I thank V. V. Gogosov, and also V. A. Naletov and G. A. Shaposhnikov for assistance in the work and R. I. Nigmatulin for valuable comments.     

Asymptotic study of a three-dimensional viscous shock layer in the neighborhood of a plane of symmetry

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 4, pp. 16–22, July–August, 1989.     

Shock adiabats and the near zone in an explosion in a drilling mud

Shock adiabats have been determined for drilling muds of various densities, and the effects of the muds on the near zone in an explosion are examined.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 3, pp. 77–82, May–June, 1973.     

Asymptotic solution to the problem of hypersonic flow over bodies in the neighborhood of the separation point of a thin shock layer

A study is made of the problem of hypersonic flow of an inviscid perfect gas over a convex body with continuously varying curvature. The solution is sought in the framework of the asymptotic theory of a strongly compressed gas [1–4] in the limit M when the specific heat ratio tends to 1. Under these assumptions, the disturbed flow is situated in a thin shock layer between the body and the shock wave. At the point where the pressure found by the Newton-Buseman formula vanishes there is separation of the flow and formation of a free layer next to the shock wave [1–4]. The singularity of the asymptotic expansions with respect to the parameter ₁ = ( –1)/( + 1) associated with separation of the strongly compressed layer has been investigated previously by various methods [3–9]. Local solutions to the problem valid in the neighborhood of the singularity have been obtained for some simple bodies [3–7]. Other solutions [7, 9] eliminate the singularity but do not give the transition solution entirely. In the present paper, an asymptotic solution describing the transition from the attached to the free layer is constructed for a fairly large class of flows.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 1, pp. 99–105, January–February, 1982.     

Fluid motion in the stagnation point neighborhood

An analytical solution of the inviscid incompressible fluid equations (outer flow), which serves as the asymptote for the numerical solution of the viscous-fluid equations (inner flow), is presented. Using this solution, the effect of the spreading rate and the vorticity of the outer flow on the heat transfer (heat flux "peaks") can be studied. Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 97–101, July–August, 2000.     

Flow in the neighborhood of the cusp of an axisymmetric cavity

The steady-state axisymmetric potential flow of an ideal incompressible fluid is considered. The structure of the singularity at the point where the free stream surface leaves the axis of symmetry is investigated.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 5, pp. 175–176, September–October, 1989.