Bifurcation of limit cycles from the global center of a class of integrable non-Hamilton systems

In this paper, we consider the bifurcation of limit cycles for system $\dot{x}=-y(x^2+a^2)^m,~\dot{y}=x(x^2+a^2)^m$ under perturbations of polynomials with degree n, where $a\neq0$, $m\in \mathbb{N}$. By using the averaging method of first order, we bound the number of limit cycles that can bifurcate from periodic orbits of the center of the unperturbed system. Particularly, if $m=2, n=5$, the sharp bound is 5.     

On the limit cycles for a class of generalized Kukles differential systems

In this paper, we consider the limit cycles of a class of polynomial differential systems of the form $\dot{x}=-y, \hspace{0.2cm} \dot{y}=x-f(x)-g(x)y-h(x)y^{2}-l(x)y^{3},$ where $f(x)=\epsilon f_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}f_{2}(x),$ $g(x)=\epsilon g_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}g_{2}(x),$ $h(x)=\epsilon h_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}h_{2}(x)$ and $l(x)=\epsilon l_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}l_{2}(x)$ where $f_{k}(x),$ $g_{k}(x),$ $h_{k}(x)$ and $l_{k}(x)$ have degree $n_{1},$ $n_{2},$ $n_{3}$ and $n_{4},$ respectively for each $k=1,2,$ and $\varepsilon$ is a small parameter. We obtain the maximum number of limit cycles that bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the linear center $\dot{x}=-y,$ $\dot{y}=x$ using the averaging theory of first and second order.     

LIMIT CYCLES OF THE GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL LINARD DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS

Using the averaging theory of first and second order we study the maximum number of limit cycles of generalized Linard differential systems{x = y + εh_l~1(x) + ε~2h_l~2(x),y=-x- ε(f_n~1(x)y~(2p+1) + g_m~1(x)) + ∈~2(f_n~2(x)y~(2p+1) + g_m~2(x)),which bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the linear center x = y,y=-x,where ε is a small parameter.The polynomials h_l~1 and h_l~2 have degree l;f_n~1and f_n~2 have degree n;and g_m~1,g_m~2 have degree m.p ∈ N and[·]denotes the integer part function.     

Centers for the Kukles homogeneous systems with even degree

For the polynomial differential system $\dot{x}=-y$, $\dot{y}=x +Q_n(x,y)$, where $Q_n(x,y)$ is a homogeneous polynomial of degree $n$ there are the following two conjectures done in 1999. (1) Is it true that the previous system for $n \ge 2$ has a center at the origin if and only if its vector field is symmetric about one of the coordinate axes? (2) Is it true that the origin is an isochronous center of the previous system with the exception of the linear center only if the system has even degree? We give a step forward in the direction of proving both conjectures for all $n$ even. More precisely, we prove both conjectures in the case $n = 4$ and for $n\ge 6$ even under the assumption that if the system has a center or an isochronous center at the origin, then it is symmetric with respect to one of the coordinate axes, or it has a local analytic first integral which is continuous in the parameters of the system in a neighborhood of zero in the parameters space. The case of $n$ odd was studied in [8].     

One Dimensional Reduction of a Renewal Equation for a Measure-Valued Function of Time Describing Population Dynamics

Acta Applicandae Mathematicae - This paper study the type of integrability of differential systems with separable variables $\dot{x}=h\left (x\right )f\left (y\right )$ , $\dot{y}= g\left (y\right...     

An Analog of the Cameron--Johnson Theorem for Linear ℂ-Analytic Equations in Hilbert Space

The well-known Cameron--Johnson theorem asserts that the equation $\dot x = \mathcal{A}\left( t \right)x$ with a recurrent (Bohr almost periodic) matrix $\mathcal{A}\left( t \right)$ can be reduced by a Lyapunov transformation to the equation $\dot y = \mathcal{B}\left( t \right)y$ with a skew-symmetric matrix $\mathcal{B}\left( t \right)$ , provided that all solutions of the equation $\dot x = \mathcal{A}\left( t \right)x$ and of all its limit equations are bounded on the whole line. In the note, a generalization of this result to linear $\mathbb{C}$ -analytic equations in a Hilbert space is presented.     

Transplantation Theorems for Ultraspherical Polynomials in Re H 1 and BMO

We consider the uniformly bounded orthonormal system of functions $$ u_n^{(\l)}(x)= \varphi_n^{(\lambda)}(\cos x)(\sin x)^\lambda, \qquad x\in [0,\pi], $$ where $\{\varphi_n^{(\lambda)}\}_{n=0}^\infty \,\, (\lambda > 0)$ is the normalized system of ultraspherical polynomials. R. Askey and S. Wainger proved that the $L^p$-norm $(1 < p < \infty)$ of any linear combination of the first $N+1$ functions $u_n^{(\lambda)}(x)$ is equivalent to the $L^p$-norm of the even trigonometric polynomial of degree $N$ with the same coefficients. This theorem fails if $p=1 $ or $p=\infty.$ Studying these limiting cases, we prove (for $0 < \lambda < 1$) similar transplantation theorems in $\mbox{Re } H^1$ and $\mbox{BMO}.$     

On Global Asymptotic Stability of Second Order Nonlinear Differential Systems

This paper investigates the global asymptotic stability of the autonomous planar systems $ \dot {x} = p_2(y)q_2(x)y $ , $ \dot {y} = p_3(y)q_3(x)x + p_3(y)q_4(x)y $ and $ \dot {x} = f_1(x) + h_2(x)y $ , $ \dot {y} = f_3(x) + h_4(x)y $ , under the assumption that all functions involved in the equations are continuous and that the origin is a unique equilibrium. We present necessary and sufficient conditions for the origin to be globally asymptotically stable.     

Algebraic invariant curves for the Liénard equation

Odani has shown that if then after deleting some trivial cases the polynomial system does not have any algebraic invariant curve. Here we almost completely solve the problem of algebraic invariant curves and algebraic limit cycles of this system for all values of and . We give also a simple presentation of Yablonsky's example of a quartic limit cycle in a quadratic system.

     

LIMIT CYCLES AND BIFURCATION CURVES FOR THE QUADRATIC DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM （III）m=0 HAVING THREE ANTI-SADDLES （I）

For the quadratic system: x=-y δx lx2 ny2, y=x(1 ax-y) under conditions -10 the author draws in the (a, ()) parameter plane the global bifurcationdiagram of trajectories around O(0,0). Notice that when na2 l < 0 the system has one saddleN(0,1/n) and three anti-saddles.     

The Hilbert number of a class of differential equations

The notion of Hilbert number from polynomial differential systems in the plane of degree $n$ can be extended to the differential equations of the form \[\dfrac{dr}{d\theta}=\dfrac{a(\theta)}{\displaystyle \sum_{j=0}^{n}a_{j}(\theta)r^{j}} \eqno(*)\] defined in the region of the cylinder $(\tt,r)\in \Ss^1\times \R$ where the denominator of $(*)$ does not vanish. Here $a, a_0, a_1, \ldots, a_n$ are analytic $2\pi$--periodic functions, and the Hilbert number $\HHH(n)$ is the supremum of the number of limit cycles that any differential equation $(*)$ on the cylinder of degree $n$ in the variable $r$ can have. We prove that $\HHH(n)= \infty$ for all $n\ge 1$.     

Two general centre producing systems for the Poincar\'{e} problem

We consider the polynomial system $\td{x}{t}=-y-ax^{s+3}y^{n-s-3}-bx^{s+1}y^{n-s-1},$\, $\td{y}{t}=x+cx^{s+2}y^{n-s-2} + dx^sy^{n-s}$ where $n \ge 3$ is an odd integer and $s=0, \dots, n-3$ is an even integer. We calculate the first three nonzero Lyapunov coefficients for the system and obtain a Gr\"obner basis for the ideal generated by them. Potential centre conditions for the system are obtained by setting the basis elements equal to zero and solving the resulting system. This gives five basic solutions and within this set we find two well known classes of centres and three new centre producing systems. One of the three is a variant of one of the other new systems, so we obtain two general independent systems which produce multiple centre conditions for each $n \ge 5.$     

LARGE DEVIATIONS FOR SYMMETRIC DIFFUSION PROCESSES

Let a(x)=(a_(ij)(x)) be a uniformly continuous, symmetric and matrix-valued function satisfying uniformly elliptic condition, p(t, x, y) be the transition density function of the diffusion process associated with the Diriehlet space (, H_0~1 (R~d)), where(u, v)=1/2 integral from n=R~d sum from i=j to d(u(x)/x_i v(x)/x_ja_(ij)(x)dx).Then by using the sharpened Arouson's estimates established by D. W. Stroock, it is shown that2t ln p(t, x, y)=-d~2(x, y).Moreover, it is proved that P_y~6 has large deviation property with rate functionI(ω)=1/2 integral from n=0 to 1<(t), α~(-1)(ω(t)),(t)>dtas s→0 and y→x, where P_y~6 denotes the diffusion measure family associated with the Dirichlet form (ε, H_0~1(R~d)).     

Dynamics of Some Three-Dimensional Lotka–Volterra Systems

We characterize the dynamics of the following two Lotka–Volterra differential systems:

$$\begin{aligned} \begin{array}{lll} \dot{x}=x(r+a y+b z), &{} &{} \dot{x}=x(r+ax+b y+c z),\\ \dot{y}=y(r-a x+c z), &{} \quad \text{ and }\quad \quad &{} \dot{y}=y(r+a x+dy+e z),\\ \dot{z}=z(r-b x-c y), &{} &{} \dot{z}=z(r+a x+d y+fz). \end{array} \end{aligned}$$

We analyze the biological meaning of the dynamics of these Lotka–Volterra systems

     

关于丢番图方程(an)x+(bn)y=(cn)z

设n,a,b,c是正整数,gcd(a,b,c)=1,a,b≥3,且丢番图方程a~x+b~y=c~z只有正整数解(x,y,z)=(1,1,1).证明了若(x,y,z)是丢番图方程(an)~x+(bn)~y=(cn)~z的正整数解且(x,y,z)≠(1,1,1),则yzz或xzy.还证明了当(a,b,c)=(3,5,8),(5,8,13),(8,13,21),(13,21,34)时,丢番图方程(an)~x+(bn)~y=(cn)~z只有正整数解(x,y,z)=(1,1,1).     

Hopf Bifurcation and new singular orbits coined in a Lorenz-like system

We seize some new dynamics of a Lorenz-like system: $\dot{x} = a(y - x)$, \quad $\dot{y} = dy - xz$, \quad $\dot{z} = - bz + fx^{2} + gxy$, such as for the Hopf bifurcation, the behavior of non-isolated equilibria, the existence of singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles and homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits. In particular, our new discovery is that the system has also two heteroclinic orbits for $bg = 2a(f + g)$ and $a > d > 0$ other than known $bg > 2a(f + g)$ and $a > d > 0$, whose proof is completely different from known case. All the theoretical results obtained are also verified by numerical simulations.     

Chebyshev Spectral Methods and the Lane-Emden Problem

The three-dimensional spherical polytropic Lane-Emden problem is $y_{rr}+(2/r) y_{r} + y^{m}=0, y(0)=1, y_{r}(0)=0$ where $m \in [0, 5]$ is a constant parameter. The domain is $r \in [0, \xi]$ where $\xi$ is the first root of $y(r)$. We recast this as a nonlinear eigenproblem, with three boundary conditions and $\xi$ as the eigenvalue allowing imposition of the extra boundary condition, by making the change of coordinate $x \equiv r/\xi$: $y_{xx}+(2/x) y_{x}+ \xi^{2} y^{m}=0, y(0)=1, y_{x}(0)=0,$ $y(1)=0$. We find that a Newton-Kantorovich iteration always converges from an $m$-independent starting point $y^{(0)}(x)=\cos([\pi/2] x), \xi^{(0)}=3$. We apply a Chebyshev pseudospectral method to discretize $x$. The Lane-Emden equation has branch point singularities at the endpoint $x=1$ whenever $m$ is not an integer; we show that the Chebyshev coefficients are $a_{n} \sim constant/n^{2m+5}$ as $n \rightarrow \infty$. However, a Chebyshev truncation of $N=100$ always gives at least ten decimal places of accuracy — much more accuracy when $m$ is an integer. The numerical algorithm is so simple that the complete code (in Maple) is given as a one page table.     

一类三次系统的极限环II

讨论一类三次系统$$\begin{array}{ll}&\dot{x}=-y(1-ax)(1-bx)+\delta x-lx^3,\\[1mm]&\dot{y}=x(1-c_1x)(1-c_2x)\end{array}$$的极限环问题.这一系统包括了在$a=c_1,~b=c_2$且$a=-b$或$a=c_1,~b=c_2$或$a=c_1$的限制下的系统.去掉了全部这些限制,得到的极限环存在唯一性定理比以前已得到的相关的定理更具广泛性.     

Integrability Conditions for Lotka-Volterra Planar Complex Quartic Systems Having Homogeneous Nonlinearities

In this paper we investigate the integrability problem for the two-dimensional Lotka-Volterra complex quartic systems which are linear systems perturbed by fourth degree homogeneous polynomials, that is, we consider systems of the form $\dot{x}=x(1-a_{30}x^{3}-a_{21} x^{2} y-a_{12}x y^{2} -a_{03}y^{3})$ , $\dot{y}=-y(1-b_{30}x^{3}-b_{21} x^{2} y-b_{12}x y^{2}-b_{03} y^{3})$ . Conditions for the integrability of this system are found. From them the center conditions for corresponding real system can be derived. The study relays on making use of algorithms of computational algebra based on the Groebner basis theory. To simplify laborious manipulations with polynomial modular arithmetics is involved.     

The Krzyz Problem and Polynomials with Zeros on the Unit Circle

Let $ \Pi_{n,M} $ be the class of all polynomials $ p(z) = \sum _{0}^{n} a_{k}z^{k} $ of degree n which have all their zeros on the unit circle $ |z| = 1$ , and satisfy $ M = \max _{|z| = 1}|\,p(z)| $ . Let $ \mu _{k,n} = \sup _{p\in \Pi _{n,M}} |a_{k}| $ . Saff and Sheil-Small asked for the value of $\overline {\lim }_{n\rightarrow \infty }\mu _{k,n} $ . We find an equivalence between this problem and the Krzyz problem on the coefficients of bounded non-vanishing functions. As a result we compute $$ \overline {\lim }_{n\rightarrow \infty }\mu _{k,n} = {{M} \over {e}}\quad {\rm for}\ k = 1,2,3,4,5.$$ We also obtain some bounds for polynomials with zeros on the unit circle. These are related to a problem of Hayman.