基于磁珠和双链特异性核酸酶辅助目标循环技术构建荧光传感器用于MicroRNA的检测

基于磁珠(MBs)的分离富集和双链特异性核酸酶(DSN)选择性切割DNA单链的特性,建立了信号增强型荧光生物传感器用于microRNA-21(miR-21)的检测。荧光素(FAM)修饰的捕获探针(Cps),通过亲和素-生物素的特异识别作用固定在磁珠表面。当miR-21存在时,Cps与其杂交形成DNA/RNA双螺旋结构,DSN能特异性水解杂合双链中的DNA,同时释放出荧光标记片段和完整的miR-21。被释放出来的miR-21与另一Cp再次杂交并被DSN酶切,如此循环,从而实现恒温条件下一个miR-21与多个Cp杂交、酶切,释放出大量的荧光标记片段的循环过程,最终使体系的荧光强度明显变大。相反,当miRNA-21不存在时,Cps无法形成双螺旋结构,DSN对单链DNA无酶切作用,不能水解Cps,经磁分离,上清液没有荧光标记片段,所以检测不到荧光信号。最佳条件下,miR-21浓度在100~5×104fmol/L范围内,荧光强度与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,检测限达80 fmol/L。该传感器可以识别单碱基错配序列,有望为肿瘤早期诊断提供新思路。     

基于核酸外切酶Ⅲ信号放大的比率型荧光传感器检测致病菌基因

食源性致病菌严重威胁着公众健康。本研究基于荧光共振能量转移原理,以Cy3和Cy5作为荧光供体和受体基团,利用核酸外切酶Ⅲ(ExoⅢ)增强检测信号,构建了比率型荧光传感器,用于高灵敏度检测致病菌基因。分别标记有Cy3的R1-DNA和标记Cy5的R2-DNA形成双链R1/R2,在Cy3的激发光波长激发下,由于发生荧光共振能量转移,Cy3的荧光被猝灭而产生Cy5的荧光信号。致病菌靶基因(大肠杆菌Lac Z基因)的存在可将R1/R2双链解旋,使得Cy3远离Cy5,导致Cy3的荧光恢复而Cy5的荧光信号降低。在ExoⅢ作用下,Cy3与Cy5的信号变化进一步增大。在优化的实验条件下,荧光信号变化与靶基因在10~2000 pmol/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为5.29 pmol/L。所采用的比率型信号检测策略极大地降低了假阴性、假阳性检测结果的产生,增强了检测特异性。     

普鲁士蓝@石墨烯-壳聚糖纳米复合物用于构建microRNA电化学传感器的研究

制备了基于普鲁士蓝(PB)、石墨烯(GN)、壳聚糖(Chi)的纳米复合物(PB@GN-Chi),并将其修饰在玻碳电极表面制得microRNA电化学传感器。实验发现,GN可有效提高敏感膜的导电性能和比表面积,增强PB在电极表面的稳定性和传感器的重现性。通过戊二醛的交联作用,将氨基化的捕获探针(ssDNA)固载在PB@GN-Chi修饰的电极表面,并用于miR-21的检测。以透射电子显微镜对纳米复合物的形态进行表征,采用循环伏安法、示差脉冲伏安法对传感器的电化学特性进行研究。实验结果表明,该传感器具有良好的稳定性和重现性,在2.8~2.8×10~4pmol/L浓度范围内,响应电流与miR-21浓度的对数呈线性关系,检出限为0.87 pmol/L,可用于miR-21的检测。     

基于双色荧光传感器的癌细胞成像及microRNA定量检测

癌细胞中microRNA(miRNA)的灵敏成像对于疾病的诊断治疗具有重要意义, 其中miRNA-21通常在多种癌细胞中异常表达. 本文将DNA功能化的金纳米颗粒与发射波长分离的荧光染料FAM和Cy5.5修饰的DNA通过含有光控基团PC-linker的DNA4作为桥梁进行自组装, 构建了纳米传感器GDC. 将302 nm紫外光作为启动开关, 用其照射该体系时, Cy5.5修饰的DNA3被释放, 其荧光强度可作为内参比信号, 用于标定进入细胞的组装体含量; 细胞中miRNA-21作为催化分子, 与外加燃料Fuel DNA共同作用下可实现催化放大, FAM修饰的DNA2被释放且被猝灭的荧光信号得以恢复, 并作为检测信号. 通过2种荧光信号强度(FL)的检测及FL_FAM/FL_Cy5.5比值的计算, 达到定量分析细胞中miRNA含量的目的. 该体系可扣除因细胞内组装体含量不同造成的背景信号误差, 不仅能显著提高检测准确度, 还因存在催化循环而大大降低了检出限, 比传统方法至少降低了3个数量级. 该传感器的检出限为23.1 pmol/L, 通过定量计算得出HeLa细胞中miRNA的含量为0.0236 nmol/L.     

基于DNAzyme的单链核酸酶活性研究

本文报道了一种基于DNAzyme的可视检测单链核酸酶活性的新方法.DNAzyme是一种具有类过氧化物酶活性的单链DNA分子,在H_2O_2存在下能够催化无色底物2,2′-连氮基-双-(3-乙基并二氢噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二价阴离子(ABTS~(2-))氧化成蓝绿色物质ABTS~-·5自由基.催化体系中单链核酸酶的加入能水解DNAzyme,导致被DNAzyme催化的ABTS~-·5减少,从而可以通过颜色变化和紫外-可见吸收光谱检测相应的单链核酸酶活性.以Dnase I和S1核酸酶作为单链核酸酶代表进行实验,实验结果表明对Dnase I检测的线性范围为0.5 ～5 U/mL,检出限为0.15 U/mL;对S1核酸酶检测的线性范围为1～10 U/mL,检出限为0.11 U/mL.该方法还能用于单链核酸酶抑制剂的检测,结果表明:Zn~(2+)对Dnase I的半数抑制浓度(Ic_(50))为56.4 mol/L,焦磷酸盐对S1核酸酶的Ic50为1.17 mmol/L.     

Cy-5标记脱氧核糖核酸荧光毛细分析法的研究

在荧光毛细分析法(FCA)的基础上开发了一种用于DNA快速检测的DNA-FCA法.在毛细管内表面将DNA探针固定化,制成荧光毛细生物反应器(DNA-CBR).测定时,用DNA-CBR吸入含Cy-5标记的靶DNA样品液进行杂交反应,然后在646 nm激发波长、664 nm发射波长下进行荧光测定;Cy-5标记的靶DNA浓度在0.1～1.0 μmol/L之间线性良好(y=139.73x+39.613,r=0.9985);RSD＜5.5%;检出限为0.17 pmol,样品用量10 μL;DNA-CBR能够重复使用6次.本方法可用于靶DNA的定性和定量检测.     

比率型荧光纸芯片快速检测赭曲霉毒素A

采用双荧光染料构建了一种新型比率型荧光纸芯片,将荧光染料Cy3和Cy5分别作为荧光供体和荧光受体,以二者间荧光共振能量转移(FRET)引起的荧光变化实现对赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)的一步法快速灵敏检测。将标记Cy3基团的核酸适配体(Aptamer)和标记Cy5基团的辅助DNA(aDNA)同时与纸芯片表面的互补DNA(CDNA)形成特定双链结构而发生FRET,导致Cy3荧光减弱而Cy5荧光增强。当存在OTA时,Aptamer与OTA结合后脱离双链结构,Cy3和Cy5两个荧光团远离,Cy3荧光增强而Cy5荧光减弱。实验结果表明,此系统的比率信号F₅₆₇/F₆₆₉(F₅₆₇/F₆₆₉为Cy3在567 nm处的荧光强度值与Cy5在669 nm处荧光强度值的比值)与OTA浓度在10～300 nmol/L范围内呈良好的线性响应,检出限(S/N=3)为5.6 nmol/L,花生和红酒样品中OTA的加标回收率为92.7%～107.6%。此传感器为食品中OTA等霉菌毒素污染检测提供了一种高效便捷的新方法。     

基于滚环扩增及串联G-四链体-血红素DNA酶的高灵敏“Turn-on”型Hg~(2+)传感器研究

以聚苯乙烯微球为载体,利用滚环放大技术,发展了一种以串联G-四链体-血红素DNA酶催化及T-Hg~(2+)-T特异识别为基础的"Turn-on"型Hg~(2+)高灵敏生物传感器,用于尿液样本中Hg~(2+)的高效检测。通过链霉亲和素和生物素的特异性结合,将富T生物素化Hg~(2+)捕获探针固定至微球表面,当Hg~(2+)存在时,通过形成T-Hg~(2+)-T结构将含有G-四链体互补序列的环化单链DNA序列捕获至微球表面,滚环扩增后在微球表面产生大量包含串联G-四链体的DNA序列。当氯化血红素(Hemin)插入G-四链体后,形成具有增强催化活性的G-四链体-hemin DNA酶,可催化ABTS和H_2O_2反应形成ABTS~(·+),在420 nm处具有最大吸收。考察了多种因素对检测体系的影响,在最优实验条件下,此方法对Hg~(2+)的线性检测范围为0.4~100 pmol/L,检出限为0.3pmol/L(S/N=3),回归方程为△A_(420 nm)=0.1+0.0019C_(Hg~(2+))(pmol/L)。当共存离子大量存在时,传感器对Hg~(2+)仍然具有高的选择性。应用于尿液样品中Hg~(2+)检测,加标回收率为94.0%~106.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~2.6%。此方法具有良好的选择性、灵敏度及抗干扰能力,可用于复杂样品中Hg~(2+)的检测。     

基于分子信标荧光纳米探针的李斯特菌DNA均相检测方法

基于分子信标(MB)识别和荧光纳米粒子探针技术,建立了均相体系中李斯特菌目标DNA的高灵敏检测新方法.首先以羊抗人免疫球蛋白(IgG)标记的异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)为核材料,成功制备了FITC-IgG@SiO2核壳荧光纳米粒子,有效防止了传统方法中采用单一FITC制备纳米颗粒时泄露严重的问题.随后以FITC-IgG@SiO2荧光纳米粒子和纳米金分别标记单核细胞增生李斯特菌序列特异性分子信标探针5'端和3'端,成功构建了单核细胞增生李斯特菌序列特异性分子信标荧光纳米探针.在实验优化条件下,α(令α=F/F0,F代表MB和目标DNA杂交以后的荧光强度,F0代表MB完全闭合时的荧光强度)与目标DNA浓度在1～200pmol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出下限为0.3pmol/L,相对标准偏差为2.6%(50pmol/L,n=11).将该方法应用于食品样品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的检测,结果与国标法一致.     

基于胸腺嘧啶-三聚氰胺-胸腺嘧啶结构和SYBR GreenⅠ荧光检测牛奶中三聚氰胺

基于胸腺嘧啶(T)-三聚氰胺-T特异性结构,建立了SYBR GreenⅠ荧光均相检测三聚氰胺的方法。三聚氰胺不存在时,SYBR GreenⅠ与聚T单链DNA结合较弱,荧光信号较弱;三聚氰胺存在时,聚T单链DNA通过T-三聚氰胺-T错配形成折叠结构。SYBR GreenⅠ嵌入双链DNA的双螺旋结构中,释放出强荧光信号。结果表明,三聚氰胺浓度在0.1~10μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为35 nmol/L。本方法简单、快速、成本低、灵敏度高。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.