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1.
Anharmonic vibrational frequencies for the Raman-active (A(1g)) and the IR-active (A(2u)) modes have been calculated for the LiOH crystal within a plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) framework. We find that a two-dimensional quantum-mechanical vibrational approach, allowing for anharmonic coupling between symmetric and antisymmetric OH stretching modes, produces OH frequencies--both absolute frequencies and gas-to-solid frequency shifts--in good agreement with experiment. Remaining errors in the absolute frequencies are largely a consequence of the DFT model chosen. A one-dimensional normal-mode following vibrational treatment, on the other hand, fails to reproduce both absolute anharmonic frequencies and gas-to-solid frequency shifts.  相似文献   

2.
Electronic structure calculations at the coupled cluster (CCSD(T)) and density functional theory levels with relativistic effective core potentials and large basis sets were used to predict the isolated uranyl ion frequencies. The effects of anharmonicity and spin-orbit corrections on the harmonic frequencies were calculated. The anharmonic effects are larger than the spin-orbit corrections, but both are small. The anharmonic effects decreased all the frequencies, whereas the spin-orbit corrections increased the stretches and decreased the bend. Overall, these two corrections decreased the harmonic asymmetric stretch frequency by 6 cm-1, the symmetric stretch by 3 cm-1, and the bend by 3 cm-1. The best calculated values for UO22+ for the asymmetric stretch, symmetric stretch, and bend were 1113, 1032, and 174 cm-1, respectively. The separation between the asymmetric and the symmetric stretch band origins was predicted to be 81 cm-1, which is consistent with experimental trends for substituted uranyls in solution and in the solid state. The anharmonic vibrational frequencies of the isoelectronic ThO2 molecule also were calculated and compared to experiment to calibrate the UO22+ results.  相似文献   

3.
Vibrational frequencies for fundamental, overtone, and combination excitations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and of sulfuric acid monohydrate cluster (H2SO4 x H2O) are computed directly from ab initio MP2/TZP potential surface points using the correlation-corrected vibrational self-consistent field (CC-VSCF) method, which includes anharmonic effects. The results are compared with experiment. The computed transitions show in nearly all cases good agreement with experimental data and consistent improvement over the harmonic approximation. The CC-VSCF improvements over the harmonic approximation are largest for the overtone and combination excitations and for the OH stretching fundamental. The agreement between the calculations and experiment also supports the validity of the MP2/TZP potential surfaces. Anharmonic coupling between different vibrational modes is found to significantly affect the vibrational frequencies. Analysis of the mean magnitude of the anharmonic coupling interactions between different pairs of normal modes is carried out. The results suggest possible mechanisms for the internal flow of vibrational energy in H2SO4 and H2SO4 x H2O.  相似文献   

4.
The results of harmonic and anharmonic frequency calculations on a guanine-cytosine complex with an enolic structure (a tautomeric form with cytosine in the enol form and with a hydrogen at the 7-position on guanine) are presented and compared to gas-phase IR-UV double resonance spectral data. Harmonic frequencies were obtained at the RI-MP2/cc-pVDZ, RI-MP2/TZVPP, and semiempirical PM3 levels of electronic structure theory. Anharmonic frequencies were obtained by the CC-VSCF method with improved PM3 potential surfaces; the improved PM3 potential surfaces are obtained from standard PM3 theory by coordinate scaling such that the improved PM3 harmonic frequencies are the same as those computed at the RI-MP2/cc-pVDZ level. Comparison of the data with experimental results indicates that the average absolute percentage deviation for the methods is 2.6% for harmonic RI-MP2/cc-pVDZ (3.0% with the inclusion of a 0.956 scaling factor that compensates for anharmonicity), 2.5% for harmonic RI-MP2/TZVPP (2.9% with a 0.956 anharmonicity factor included), and 2.3% for adapted PM3 CC-VSCF; the empirical scaling factor for the ab initio harmonic calculations improves the stretching frequencies but decreases the accuracy of the other mode frequencies. The agreement with experiment supports the adequacy of the improved PM3 potentials for describing the anharmonic force field of the G...C base pair in the spectroscopically probed region. These results may be useful for the prediction of the pathways of vibrational energy flow upon excitation of this system. The anharmonic calculations indicate that anharmonicity along single mode coordinates can be significant for simple stretching modes. For several other cases, coupling between different vibrational modes provides the main contribution to anharmonicity. Examples of strongly anharmonically coupled modes are the symmetric stretch and group torsion of the hydrogen-bonded NH2 group on guanine, the OH stretch and torsion of the enol group on cytosine, and the NH stretch and NH out-of-plane bend of the non-hydrogen-bonded NH group on guanine.  相似文献   

5.
The vibrational spectroscopy of a glycine molecule adsorbed on a silicon surface is studied computationally, using different clusters as models for the surface. Harmonic frequencies are computed using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional. Anharmonic frequency calculations are carried out using vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) algorithms on an improved PM3 potential energy surface. The results are compared with experiments on Glycine@Si(1 0 0)-2 × 1.

The main findings are: (1) Agreement of the computed frequencies with experiment improves with cluster size. (2) The anharmonic calculations are generally in better agreement with experiment than the harmonic ones. The improvements due to anharmonicity are most significant for hydrogenic stretching. (3) An important part of the anharmonic effects is due to anharmonic coupling between different normal modes of the system. (4) The anharmonic coupling between glycine vibrational modes is much larger than the anharmonic coupling between glycine and “phonon” (cluster) modes.

Implications of the results for surface vibrational spectroscopy are discussed.  相似文献   


6.
Cis, cis-peroxynitrous acid is known to be an intermediate in atmospheric reactions between OH and NO2 as well as HOO and NO. The infrared absorption spectra of matrix-isolated cc-HOONO and cc-DOONO in argon have been observed in the range of 500-8000 cm-1. Besides the seven fundamental vibrational modes that have been assigned earlier for this molecule [Zhang et al., J. Chem. Phys. 124, 084305 (2006)], more than 50 of the overtone and combination bands have been observed for cc-HOONO and cc-DOONO. Ab initio CCSD(T)/atomic natural orbital anharmonic force field calculations were used to help guide the assignments. Based on this study of the vibrational overtone transitions of cis, cis-HOONO that go as high as 8000 cm-1 and the earlier paper on the vibrational fundamentals, we conclude that the CCSD(T)/ANO anharmonic frequencies seem to correct to +/-35 cm-1. The success of the theoretically predicted anharmonic frequencies {upsilon} in assigning overtone spectra of HOONO up to 8000 cm-1 suggests that the CCSD(T)/ANO method is producing a reliable potential energy surface for this reactive molecule.  相似文献   

7.
The difference spectroscopy of the Raman optical activity (ROA) provides extended information about molecular structure. However, interpretation of the spectra is based on complex and often inaccurate simulations. Previously, the authors attempted to make the calculations more robust by including the solvent and exploring the role of molecular flexibility for alanine and proline zwitterions. In the current study, they analyze the IR, Raman, and ROA spectra of these molecules with the emphasis on the force field modeling. Vibrational harmonic frequencies obtained with 25 ab initio methods are compared to experimental band positions. The role of anharmonic terms in the potential and intensity tensors is also systematically explored using the vibrational self-consistent field, vibrational configuration interaction (VCI), and degeneracy-corrected perturbation calculations. The harmonic approach appeared satisfactory for most of the lower-wavelength (200-1800 cm(-1)) vibrations. Modern generalized gradient approximation and hybrid density functionals, such as the common B3LYP method, provided a very good statistical agreement with the experiment. Although the inclusion of the anharmonic corrections still did not lead to complete agreement between the simulations and the experiment, occasional enhancements were achieved across the entire region of wave numbers. Not only the transitional frequencies of the C-H stretching modes were significantly improved but also Raman and ROA spectral profiles including N-H and C-H lower-frequency bending modes were more realistic after application of the VCI correction. A limited Boltzmann averaging for the lowest-frequency modes that could not be included directly in the anharmonic calculus provided a realistic inhomogeneous band broadening. The anharmonic parts of the intensity tensors (second dipole and polarizability derivatives) were found less important for the entire spectral profiles than the force field anharmonicities (third and fourth energy derivatives), except for a few weak combination bands which were dominated by the anharmonic tensor contributions.  相似文献   

8.
Infrared spectra of the NH stretching vibrations of (NH3)n clusters (n = 2-4) have been obtained using the helium droplet isolation technique and first principles electronic structure anharmonic calculations. The measured spectra exhibit well-resolved bands, which have been assigned to the nu1, nu3, and 2nu4 modes of the ammonia fragments in the clusters. The formation of a hydrogen bond in ammonia dimers leads to an increase of the infrared intensity by about a factor of 4. In the larger clusters the infrared intensity per hydrogen bond is close to that found in dimers and approaches the value in the NH3 crystal. The intensity of the 2nu4 overtone band in the trimer and tetramer increases by a factor of 10 relative to that in the monomer and dimer, and is comparable to the intensity of the nu1 and nu3 fundamental bands in larger clusters. This indicates the onset of the strong anharmonic coupling of the 2nu4 and nu1 modes in larger clusters. The experimental assignments are compared to the ones obtained from first principles electronic structure anharmonic calculations for the dimer and trimer clusters. The anharmonic calculations were performed at the M?ller-Plesset (MP2) level of electronic structure theory and were based on a second-order perturbative evaluation of rovibrational parameters and their effects on the vibrational spectra and average structures. In general, there is excellent (<20 cm(-1)) agreement between the experimentally measured band origins for the N-H stretching frequencies and the calculated anharmonic vibrational frequencies. However, the calculations were found to overestimate the infrared intensities in clusters by about a factor of 4.  相似文献   

9.
Molecular structure of 1,1,1-trifluoro-pentane-2,4-dione, known as trifluoro-acetylacetone (TFAA), has been investigated by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and the results were compared with those of acetylacetone (AA) and hexafluoro-acetylacetone (HFAA). The harmonic vibrational frequencies of both stable cis-enol forms were calculated at B3LYP level of theory using 6-31G** and 6-311++G** basis sets. We also calculated the anharmonic frequencies at B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory for both stable cis-enol isomers. The calculated frequencies, Raman and IR intensities, and depolarization ratios were compared with the experimental results. The energy difference between the two stable cis-enol forms, calculated at B3LYP/6-311++G**, is only 5.89 kJ/mol. The observed vibrational frequencies and Raman and IR intensities are in excellent agreement with the corresponding values calculated for the most stable conformation, 2TFAA. According to the theoretical calculations, the hydrogen bond strength for the most stable conformer is 57 kJ/mol, about 9.5kJ/mol less than that of AA and about 14.5 kJ/mol more than that of HFAA. These hydrogen bond strengths are consistent with the frequency shifts for OH/OD stretching and OH/OD out-of-plane bending modes upon substitution of CH(3) groups with CF(3) groups. By comparing the vibrational spectra of both theoretical and experimental data, it was concluded that 2TFAA is the dominant isomer.  相似文献   

10.
The infrared absorption spectrum of ammonia borane vapor has been recorded between 3600 and 600 cm(-1). Of the eleven infrared active fundamental vibrational modes, seven modes of NH(3)(11)BH(3) and four modes of NH(3)(10)BH(3) were observed. The spectra were recorded with sufficient resolution to observe the rotational structure of the bands, which allowed for preliminary least-squares fitting of the band origins and rotational constants. First-principles electronic structure calculations were performed to obtain anharmonic band origins and their intensities. The band assignments are discussed in relation to other spectroscopic techniques that have been previously used to study this molecule. A semi-empirical estimate of the vapor pressure of ammonia borane at room temperature (22 °C) was made and found to be ~1 × 10(-4) Torr. The assignment of the measured modes was aided by the calculated anharmonic frequencies and their infrared intensities. The combination of the CCSD(T) harmonic frequencies with the B3LYP anharmonicities, obtained from second-order vibrational perturbation theory, was found to produce an overall best agreement with the measured band origins.  相似文献   

11.
用傅立叶变换光谱仪和激光腔内吸收光谱仪记录了H2SiCl2分子2000~9000和12000~12900 cm-1的红外吸收光谱.依据局域模理论的非谐性耦合非谐振子(ACAO)模型,分析并拟合了Si-H的对称伸缩振动和反对称伸缩振动,得到描述Si-H伸缩振动的Morse离解能De 、 Morse振子参数α和键振子势能耦合系数frr′.分析中忽略了SiCl2"基座"对Si-H伸缩振动的影响,拟合结果与实验值符合的很好,拟合方差小于 1 cm-1,表明这一近似是可取的.分析拟合结果表明, Si-H振动时"基座"SiCl2的有效质量为75.  相似文献   

12.
In a discharged supersonic jet of acetonitrile and carbon disulfide, we have for the first time observed an electronic transition of the NC(3)S radical using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. A progression originating from the C-S stretching mode of the upper electronic state appears in the excitation spectrum. Each band of the progression has a polyad structure due to anharmonic resonances with even overtones of bending modes. Rotationally resolved spectra have been observed by high-resolution laser scans, and the electronic transition is assigned to A 2Pii-X 2Pii. For the vibronic origin band, the position and the effective rotational constant of the upper level have been determined to be 21 553.874(1) and 0.046 689(4) cm(-1), respectively. The dispersed fluorescence spectrum from the zero vibrational level of A 2Pi3/2 has also been observed; its vibrational structure is similar to that of the LIF excitation spectrum, showing a prominent C-S stretching progression with polyad structures. The vibrational frequencies of the C-S stretching mode in the ground and excited electronic states are determined to be 550 and 520 cm(-1), respectively. Fluorescence decay profiles have been measured for several vibronic levels of the A state.  相似文献   

13.
From a vibrationally corrected 3D potential energy surface determined with highly correlated ab initio calculations (CCSD(T)), the lowest vibrational energies of two dimethyl-ether isotopologues, (12)CH(3)-(16)O-(12)CD(3) (DME-d(3)) and (12)CD(3)-(16)O-(12)CD(3) (DME-d(6)), are computed variationally. The levels that can be populated at very low temperatures correspond to the COC-bending and the two methyl torsional modes. Molecular symmetry groups are used for the classification of levels and torsional splittings. DME-d(6) belongs to the G(36) group, as the most abundant isotopologue (12)CH(3)-(16)O-(12)CH(3) (DME-h(6)), while DME-d(3) is a G(18) species. Previous assignments of experimental Raman and far-infrared spectra are discussed from an effective Hamiltonian obtained after refining the ab initio parameters. Because a good agreement between calculated and experimental transition frequencies is reached, new assignments are proposed for various combination bands corresponding to the two deuterated isotopologues and for the 020 → 030 transition of DME-d(6). Vibrationally corrected potential energy barriers, structural parameters, and anharmonic spectroscopic parameters are provided. For the 3N - 9 neglected vibrational modes, harmonic and anharmonic fundamental frequencies are obtained using second-order perturbation theory by means of CCSD and MP2 force fields. Fermi resonances between the COC-bending and the torsional modes modify DME-d(3) intensities and the band positions of the torsional overtones.  相似文献   

14.
We have carried out ab initio and density functional theory calculations of hydrated rubidium cations. The calculations involve a detailed evaluation of the structures, thermodynamic properties, and IR spectra of several plausible conformers of Rb+ (H2O)(n=1-8) clusters. An extensive search was made to find out the most stable conformers. Since the water-water interactions are important in hydrated Rb+ complexes, we investigated the vibrational frequency shifts of the OH stretching modes depending on the number of water molecules and the presence/absence of outer-shell water molecules. The predicted harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies of the aqua-Rb+ clusters reflect the H-bonding signature, and would be used in experimental identification of the hydrated structures of Rb+ cation.  相似文献   

15.
Vibrational analysis within a partial Hessian framework can successfully describe the vibrational properties of a variety of systems where the vibrational modes of interest are localized within a specific region of the system. We have developed a new approach to calculating anharmonic frequencies based on vibrational frequencies and normal modes obtained from a partial Hessian analysis using second-order vibrational perturbation theory and the transition optimized shifted Hermite method. This allows anharmonic frequencies for vibrational modes that are spatially localized to be determined at a significantly reduced computational cost. Several molecular systems are examined in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method including organic molecules adsorbed on the Si(100)-2×1 surface, model peptides in solution, and the C-H stretching region of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Overall, for a range of systems, anharmonic frequencies calculated using the partial Hessian approach are found to be in close agreement with the results obtained using full anharmonic calculations while providing a significant reduction in computational cost.  相似文献   

16.
Anharmonic vibrational force field calculations provide a quantitative understanding of the width and substructure of the linear IR-absorption spectrum of the O-H stretching mode in acetic acid dimers (CH3-COOH)2 and (CD3-COOH)2. Anharmonic coupling of the high-frequency upsilon(OH) mode to fingerprint and low-frequency modes is included resulting in 11- and 9-dimensional vibrational Hamiltonians. A sixth-order force field covering up to three-body interactions is used. Force constants are calculated by fitting one-dimensional potential-energy surfaces and a finite difference procedure applying density-functional theory [Becke 3 Lee-Yang-Parr 6-311+G(d,p)]. It is demonstrated that both anharmonic coupling to low-frequency modes as well as Fermi resonance coupling with fingerprint modes are important mechanisms explaining the line shape of the O-H stretching IR-absorption band in acetic acid dimers.  相似文献   

17.
A composite coupled cluster methodology is used with systematic sequences of correlation consistent basis sets to accurately determine the structure, vibrational frequencies, and isotopic shifts for trans-HNNO ((2)A'), cis-HNNO ((2)A'), and ONHN ((2)A'). Anharmonic corrections to the vibrational frequencies and rotational constants are obtained using density functional theory. With basis sets larger than double-zeta, large differences between restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock (ROHF)-based and unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF)-based coupled cluster harmonic frequencies are calculated, with the UHF-based ones judged to be more reliable based on an analysis of the orbital hessian eigenvalues. The final calculated anharmonic vibrational band origins are generally in good agreement with the experimental values measured in rare gas matrices. The calculation of the vibrational band origins of the isovalent NO(2) molecule at similar levels of theory exhibits an agreement with experiment to within a few wavenumbers. In the latter case, however, a ROHF treatment was required since the UHF approach failed to provide realistic frequencies for the antisymmetric stretching mode. The heat of formation at 0 K of trans-HNNO is calculated to be 50.5 ± 0.5 kcal∕mol using a very similar composite coupled cluster methodology as in the structure and harmonic frequency determinations.  相似文献   

18.
The structural equilibrium parameters, the adsorption energies, and the vibrational frequencies of the nitrogen molecule and the hydrogen atom adsorbed on the (111) surface of rhodium have been investigated using different generalized‐gradient approximation (GGA), nonlocal correlation, meta‐GGA, and hybrid functionals, namely, Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE), Revised‐RPBE, vdW‐DF, Tao, Perdew, Staroverov, and Scuseria functional (TPSS), and Heyd, Scuseria, and Ernzerhof (HSE06) functional in the plane wave formalism. Among the five tested functionals, nonlocal vdW‐DF and meta‐GGA TPSS functionals are most successful in describing energetics of dinitrogen physisorption to the Rh(111) surface, while the PBE functional provides the correct chemisorption energy for the hydrogen atom. It was also found that TPSS functional produces the best vibrational spectra of the nitrogen molecule and the hydrogen atom on rhodium within the harmonic formalism with the error of ?2.62 and ?1.1% for the N? N stretching and Rh? H stretching frequency. Thus, TPSS functional was proposed as a method of choice for obtaining vibrational spectra of low weight adsorbates on metallic surfaces within the harmonic approximation. At the anharmonic level, by decoupling the Rh? H and N? N stretching modes from the bulk phonons and by solving one‐ and two‐dimensional Schrödinger equation associated with the Rh? H, Rh? N, and N? N potential energy we calculated the anharmonic correction for N? N and Rh? H stretching modes as ?31 cm?1 and ?77 cm?1 at PBE level. Anharmonic vibrational frequencies calculated with the use of the hybrid HSE06 function are in best agreement with available experiments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

19.
Structural and vibrational features of silanol group are investigated in detail by quantum calculations and normal mode analysis. The structural parameters, charge distributions, force fields, vibrational wavenumbers, potential energy distributions of normal modes and derivatives of the electric dipole moment are analyzed in relation to the nature of the substituents adjacent to the silanol group. The calculations results are discussed in light of available experimental data. Although the OH stretching mode has already been well localized in various silanols, both the Si-(OH) stretching and SiOH bending vibrations have not been yet finely analyzed leading to some discrepancies reported in literature. Clarified assignments of these vibrations are proposed on the basis of normal mode analysis and of SiOH-->SiOD isotopic exchange. The following spectral ranges are determined: 790-1030 cm-1 for nuSi-(OH), 790-1010 cm-1 for nuSi-(OD), 790-900 cm-1 for deltaOH and 580-640 cm-1 for deltaOD. The nuSi-(OH)/nuSi-(OD) wavenumbers are highly dependent on silicon substituents: electron-withdrawing groups induce shifts to higher wavenumbers while electron-releasing groups induce shifts to lower wavenumbers. In alkylsilanols, the SiOH bending is observed at higher wavenumber than the stretching vibration. Analysis of infrared intensities and dipole derivatives in internal coordinates gives explanations to spectral "anomalies" observed in experimental measurements such as well defined and intense nuSi-(OD) absorption in contrast with very low intensity for nuSi-(OH). Numerous empirical correlations are established allowing reconstruction of both SiOH force field and SiOH structural parameters with knowledge of few experimental data.  相似文献   

20.
Sixteen intermolecular vibrational levels of the S(0) state of the fluorobenzene-Ar van der Waals complex have been observed using dispersed fluorescence. The levels range up to ~130 cm(-1) in vibrational energy. The vibrational energies have been modelled using a complete set of harmonic and quartic anharmonic constants and a cubic anharmonic coupling between the stretch and long axis bend overtone that becomes near ubiquitous at higher energies. The constants predict the observed band positions with a root mean square deviation of 0.04 cm(-1). The set of vibrational levels predicted by the constants, which includes unobserved bands, has been compared with the predictions of ab initio calculations, which include all vibrational levels up to 70-75 cm(-1). There are small differences in energy, particularly above 60 cm(-1), however, the main differences are in the assignments and are largely due to the limitations of assigning the ab initio wavefunctions to a simple stretch, bend, or combination when the states are mixed by the cubic anharmonic coupling. The availability of these experimental data presents an opportunity to extend ab initio calculations to higher vibrational energies to provide an assessment of the accuracy of the calculated potential surface away from the minimum. The intermolecular modes of the fluorobenzene-Ar(2) trimer complex have also been investigated by dispersed fluorescence. The dominant structure is a pair of bands with a ~35 cm(-1) displacement from the origin band. Based on the set of vibrational modes calculated from the fluorobenzene-Ar frequencies, they are assigned to a Fermi resonance between the symmetric stretch and symmetric short axis bend overtone. The analysis of this resonance provides a measurement of the coupling strength between the stretch and short axis bend overtone in the dimer, an interaction that is not directly observed. The coupling matrix elements determined for the fluorobenzene-Ar stretch-long axis bend overtone and stretch-short axis bend overtone couplings are remarkably similar (3.8 cm(-1) cf. 3.2 cm(-1)). Several weak features seen in the fluorobenzene-Ar(2) spectrum have also been assigned.  相似文献   

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