铒铥共掺氧化锌薄膜近红外宽带发射及变温行为的研究

采用磁控共溅射技术制备了铒铥共掺杂氧化锌发光薄膜. 通过优化退火温度, 实现了薄膜的近红外 平坦宽带发射, 总带宽可达到~ 500 nm, 覆盖了光通信S+C+L+U 区波段. 此发射带由Er³⁺ 的1535 nm (⁴I_13/2 → ⁴I_15/2) 发射峰及Tm³⁺ 的1460 nm (³H₄ → ³F₄), 1640 nm (¹G₄ → ³F₂), 1740 nm (³F₄ → ³H₆) 发射峰组成. 研究表明: 退火温度低于800 ℃ 时, 没有观察到薄膜样品明显的光致发光现象; 随着退火温度 从800 ℃ 升高到1000 ℃, I₁₆₄₀/I₁₅₃₅ 发射峰强度比从0.2 升高到0.3, I₁₇₄₀/I₁₅₃₅ 发射峰强度比从0.5 降低 到0.4, 发射峰强度比均基本保持稳定; 当退火温度高于1000 ℃ 时, I₁₆₄₀/I₁₅₃₅ 发射峰强度比从0.3 升高到 0.6, I₁₇₄₀/I₁₅₃₅ 发射峰强度比从0.4 升高到0.8, 发射峰强度比均急剧增加. 变温行为表明: 随着温度从10 K 逐渐升高到300 K, 谱线的总带宽基本不变, 在340—360 nm 之间; Tm³⁺ 在1640 和1740 nm 处的发射峰强度 分别降低了2/3 和1/2, Er³⁺ 在1535 nm 的发射峰强度增大了1.2 倍. 这是因为随着温度的升高, 声子数目增 多, Er³⁺ 与Tm³⁺ 离子之间发生能量传递的概率不断变大, 并且在Tm³⁺ 离子之间没有发生交叉弛豫现象.     

Co2+-Ti4+和Cu2+-Nb5+离子取代BaFe12O19单晶体中Fe3+离子的研究

本文对用Co²⁺-Ti⁴⁺和Cu²⁺-Nb⁵⁺离子取代BaFe₁₂O₁₉单晶体中Fe³⁺离子进行了研究,以Bi₂O₃作为助熔剂生长出了BaFe_12-2xCo_x²⁺Ti_x⁴⁺O₁₉(x=0;0.04;0.09;0.13;0.27和0.68)以及BaFe_12-x[Nb_1/3⁵⁺Cu_2/3²⁺]_xO₁₉(x=0;0.28;0.44和0.60)这两系列的单晶体,测定了100—300K温度范围内样品的磁化强度σ与单轴各向异性常数K₁,我们发现,对Co²⁺-Ti⁴⁺取代的样品,当x≤0.09时,其σ与K₁随x的增加而缓慢增加;当x>0.09时,其σ与K₁随x的增加而迅速降低,至x=1.1时,K₁变为零,对Nb⁵⁺-Cu²⁺取代的样品,其σ值在整个成份范围内基本保持不变,且有缓慢增加趋势;而K₁值则随x增加而单调下降,提出了取代离子在M型六角铁氧体中可能的分布模型来解释我们的结果。 关键词：     

Bi3+、Eu3+共掺双钙钛矿Gd2ZnTiO6荧光粉制备及其温度传感性能

采用高温固相法制备了一系列具有双发射中心的Gd₍2(1-x-y))ZnTiO₆∶xBi³⁺,y Eu³⁺荧光粉。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、荧光光谱、寿命衰减曲线和变温发射光谱等方法,系统地研究了该材料的结构、发光性能和温度传感特性。在Gd₂ZnTiO₆∶Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺荧光粉中,Bi³⁺和Eu³⁺离子占据了Gd³⁺离子的位置。在紫外激发下,Eu³⁺的激发光谱和Bi³⁺的发射光谱存在光谱重叠,表明从Bi³⁺到Eu³⁺可能存在能量传递。通过荧光强度比技术探究了Bi³⁺蓝光发射与Eu³⁺红光发射的不同温度响应特性。在293～473 K温度范围内,测得Gd₂ZnTiO₆∶Bi...     

YAlO3:Nd3+的吸收光谱

从0.33—5.7μm的波长范围内系统地测定了温度为10K、90K和30OK时YAlO₃:Nd³⁺的吸收光谱,定出Nd³⁺在晶体场作用下的斯塔克(Stark)子能级。并在10K到663K的温度范围内,观察了部分光谱线的温度效应,得到一些有意义的结果。 关键词：     

(Lu,Y)2SiO5∶Ce3+与SrSO4∶Dy3+材料低温热释光及其测试仪器的研究

为了分析材料在低温下的陷阱能级,获得更多有关缺陷结构的信息,研制了一套由STM32微控制器为核心的低温热释光发光谱测量系统。设计了低温样品室,采用液氮冷却样品;STM32通过控制加热电流,实现样品以恒定速率升温,从而获得低温热释光发光曲线或三维热释光谱。温度测量范围为85~400 K,升温速率范围为0.1~10 K/s。设计了由STM32控制X射线及紫外光源的驱动电路,用于样品的激发。采用高灵敏度CCD实现对三维热释光谱的测量,采用单光子计数器获取二维热释光发光曲线。利用该系统测试了（Lu,Y）₂SiO₅:Ce³⁺（LYSO:Ce³⁺）单晶闪烁体与SrSO₄:Dy³⁺粉末样品的热释光谱及辐射发光光谱。观察到LYSO:Ce³⁺在108,200,380 K左右的热释光峰,发光波长位于390~450 nm之间,是明显的宽带峰。在低温下由于基质的自陷激子（STE）发射所形成的发射峰在166 K时发生猝灭。在309 K时,Ce³⁺发射峰展宽为单一发射峰;SrSO₄:Dy³⁺发光峰温度为178,385 K,发光波长由Dy³⁺离子的能级跃迁决定,在480,575,660,750 nm处呈现窄带发光峰。结果表明,系统人机交互界面友好,实验数据可靠,智能化程度高,操作简单。     

LaCoO3中自旋态转变现象的超声研究

测量了LaCoO₃单相多晶样品的纵波与横波超声声速和衰减随温度的变化关系, 在材料的自 旋态转变温度附近（≈90K），纵波声速出现明显的软化并伴随一个尖锐的衰减峰，但是在 横波的测量中却没有出现类似的超声异常，分析认为LaCoO₃在90K附近的自旋态 转变是由于Co³⁺离子是从低自旋态(LS,t⁶_2ge⁰ _g)转变到中等自旋态(IS,t⁵ _2ge¹_g )，而不是高等自旋态(HS,t⁴_2ge²_g).随着温度的升高，在 200K附近纵波和横波测量上都观察到一个伴随着微小声速软化的宽大的衰减峰，这可能是随 机分布的IS态Co³⁺离子的Jahn-Teller效应导致的局域晶格扭曲所造成的. 关键词： 超声声速与衰减 自旋态转变 Jahn-Teller效应     

CuCl2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的EPR研究

通过测定Cu含量不同的新鲜CuCl₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的EPR谱,以及对EPR谱的线型及强度的计算机处理和理论拟合等,研究了催化剂中CuCl₂在载体表面的分散方式,和Cu含量对Cu²⁺配位形式的影响.EPR结果表明,催化剂表面的Cu²⁺至少有两种不同配位状态.新鲜催化剂中所存在的两种不同谱线的比例决定了EPR谱的线型和强度,而两种谱线的比例又取决于催化剂中的Cu含量.在低Cu催化剂中Cu²⁺相互离散,倾向于形成富氧配位,具有较高的EPR强度,只有在Cu含量较高时,Cu²⁺才能形成富氯配位.鉴于低Cu催化剂不能与乙烯反应,而高Cu催化剂则可以使乙烯转化为二氯乙烷的事实,认为富氧配位的Cu²⁺可能具有与乙烯反应的活性.     

荧光粉CaWO4：Eu3+中WO42-与Eu3+间的能量转递

通过高温固相法分别制备了CaWO₄和CaWO₄:1%Eu³⁺ 样品. 测量了样品不同温度(10–300 K)的荧光光谱、荧光衰减曲线和 时间分辨荧光光谱. 样品的荧光光谱表明: 在240 nm紫外光激发下, 两个样品在430 nm处都展现出来源于WO₄^2-的蓝色发射; 样品CaWO₄:Eu³⁺的Eu³⁺(⁵D₀→⁷F_{1, 2, 3,4})的特征发射则归属于WO₄^2-到Eu³⁺ 间的能量传递.由样品室温(300K)荧光衰减曲线发现: 纯CaWO₄的荧光寿命为8.85μs,Eu³⁺掺杂之后WO₄^2-的荧光寿命缩短至6.27μs,这从另一方面证明了WO₄^2-与Eu³⁺间能量传递的存在. 由荧光寿命得到T=300K时, CaWO₄: 1%Eu³⁺中WO₄^2-与Eu³⁺间的能量传递效率(η_ET)为29.2%, 能量传递速率(ω_ET)为4.65×10⁴ s^-1.通过时间分辨荧光光谱, 获得了从WO₄^2-到Eu³⁺之间的能量传递的时间演变过程,当温度由10 K增加到300 K时, 能量传递出现的时间单调变小. 测试了不同温度(10–300 K)对CaWO₄:Eu³⁺的荧光寿命的影响, 发现在10–50K时,Eu³⁺的荧光寿命增加, 但温度超过50K时发生猝灭, 荧光寿命开始下降; WO₄^2-的荧光寿命则是随着温度的升高逐渐缩短. 关键词： 能量传递 红色荧光粉 温度依赖 4：Eu³⁺')" href="#">CaWO₄：Eu³⁺     

用声频方法观测到的Al-0.5wt%Cu合金中的反常内耗现象

Al-0.5wt％Cu合金在弯曲型强迫振动条件下,在声频(10²赫)范围内,在0℃及90℃附近分别观测到温度内耗峰,同时观测到振幅内耗峰。可以认为;它属于既有温度峰也有振幅峰的反常内耗现象,其可能的机制是位错拖曳点缺陷运动。 关键词：     

与位错和点缺陷的交互作用有关的低温内耗峰

系统研究了出现在经冷加工处理的Al-Mg固溶体中的低温内耗峰。当测量频率约为1Hz时,分别在-70℃(P_L2峰)和-50℃(P_L1峰)观察到了两个内耗峰。详细研究了镁(Mg)含量,冷加工量,冷加工模式,不同合金元素(Ga,Zn),退火等诸因素对这两个内耗峰的出现及特性的影响。得出了P_L2峰与位错和“Mg原子-双空位”对的交互作用有关以及P_L1峰与位错和“Mg原子-单空位”对的交互作用有关的结论。 关键词：     

A mechanical spectrum study of bilayer cuprate La1.82Sr0.18CaCu2O6+δ

The mechanical spectrum of bilayer cuprate La_1.82Sr_0.18CaCu₂O_6+δ (La2126) was measured using the vibrating reed method from 30 K to room temperature at kilohertz frequency. A clear modulus softening was observed at 223 K accompanied by a sharp internal friction peak, which evidences a phase transition. Another broad internal friction peak around 250 K was observed, accompanied by a large modulus change. This contrasts with the broad internal friction peak of Ca doped Y Ba₂Cu₃O_7−δ (Y123) for which no clear modulus change was observed. The main contribution to the broad internal friction peak of La2126 is expected to be from the glass transition of the interstitial oxygen atoms.     

The temperature dependences of electromechanical properties of PLZT ceramics

The mechanical and electrical properties in lanthanum modified lead zirconate-titanate ceramics of 5/50/50 and 10/50/50 were studied by mechanical loss Q ^{- 1}, Young's modulus E, electric permittivity ε and tangent of dielectric loss of angle tgδ measurements. The internal friction Q ^{- 1} and Young modulus E measured from 290 K to 600 K shows that Curie temperature T_C is located at 574 K and 435 K (1^st cycle of heating) respectively for ceramic samples 5/50/50 and 10/50/50. The movement of T_C in second cycle of heating to lower temperature (561 K for 5/50/50 and 420 K for 10/50/50) has been observed. Together with Q ^{- 1} and E measurements, temperature dependences of ε=f(T) and tgδ=f(T) were determinated in temperature range from 300 K to 730 K. The values of T_C obtained during ε and tgδ measurements were respectively: 560 K for 5/50/50 and 419 K for 10/50/50. These temperatures are almost as high as the temperatures obtained by internal friction Q ^{- 1} measurements in second cycle of heating. In ceramic sample 10/50/50 the additional maximum on internal friction Q ^{- 1} curve at the temperature 316 K was observed.     

Variable temperature EPR study of Fe2+ spin transition in Cu2+ doped [Fe(trz)(Htrz)2](BF4)

The temperature dependence of the EPR spectrum of Cu²⁺ in the range 293–393 K exhibits a low-spin (S=0) to high-spin (S=2) transition of the Fe²⁺ ions, with hysteresis (T _c↑=363 K,T _c↓=343 K). At 103 K, the principal values of theg and hyperfine tensors of Cu²⁺ ions are revealed by hyperfine structure.     

120 K superconductivity and the zero-field absorption in the BiCaSrCu2Ox system

Onset transition temperature (123±1) K was observed in the BiCaSrCu₂O_x bulk materials prepared by means of conventional ceramic technique. The resistance and AC susceptibility measurements show that there are two highT _c phases. EPR measurement shows that belowT _c (R=0), an intense line at zero field was observed. It is either associated with the glass feature or the spin triplet transition of Cu²⁺–Cu²⁺ pair via exchange interaction.The Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Coexistence of superconductivity and magnetic order in YBa2Cu4O8

⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and powder x-ray-diffraction measurements were used to study superconductivity and magnetic order in YBa₂(Cu_1?xFe_x)₄O_8+δ. T_c is decreasing with x, disappearing for x>x_c≈0.04. For xc iron substitutes Cu, predominantly in the Cu(1) site exhibiting a single quadrupole Mössbauer spectrum at 90 K. For x>x_c magnetic order is observed in the Cu(2) site, T_N=380 (5) K for x=0.1 and H_eff (Cu(2), 4.2 K)=510(2) kOe. However, the most surprising discovery is that for x=0.025, for which T_c=27(2) K, the Fe in the Cu(1) site orders magnetically at T_N=30(2) K and H_eff (Cu(1), 4.2 K)=461(2) kOe. The coexistence and competition between superconductivity and magnetic order in the Cu(1) and Cu(2) sites in YBa₂Cu₄O₈ are discussed in terms of the previously observed phase diagrams for Y_1?xPr_xBa₂(Cu_1?yFe_y)₃O_z.     

Calorimetric evidence of antiferromagnetism in GdBa2Cu3O6+δ

Heat capacity measurements between 1.8 and 10K have been made on the superconductor GdBa₂Cu₃O_6+δ with δ ⋍ 0.7 and T_c ⋍ 94K. A well defined magnetic transition prevails at 2.22K. The entropy involved agrees well with the complete antiferromagnetic ordering of Gd³⁺ ions.     

YBa2Cu3O7-δ薄膜热激发磁通蠕动研究

本文选择两块零电阻温度分别为82K和71K超导性能不同的薄膜样品,同步进行了电阻在外磁场中展宽的测量,并用Palstra所提出的Arrhenius定律研究两样品热激活能的差别。实验发现样品热激活能随磁场增加线性下降。由测量结果推出的不可逆线仍有B^*-(1-T^*/T_c)^3/2形式。 关键词：     

The μSR study of the relaxation of Ho and Er magnetic moments in high-Tc 1-2-3 compounds

High temperature superconductors HoBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ (T _c ≅93 K), Ho_0.5Y_0.5Ba₂Cu₃O_7−δ (T _c ≅93 K) and ErBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ (T _c ≅95 K) were investigated by the zero-field μSR-technique. The muon spin depolarisation rate connected with the fluctuation frequency of rare-earth ion magnetic moments was measured. It was found that the samples with holmium show a fast increase of the muon spin depolarisation rate at temperatures below 20 K, while in ErBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ the depolarisation rate remains low in the whole temperature region studied (4.2 K-270 K). The sharp difference between the behaviours of the muon spin depolarisation rate may be explained by the difference between the ground state of Ho³⁺ and Er³⁺ ions in the crystalline field of the lattice.     

Spin gap, phase separation and d-wave pairing as revealed by electron spin-lattice relaxation in 123 and 124 YBaCuO systems doped with Gd3+

With an original modulation technique, the Gd³⁺ electron spin-lattice relaxation has been investigated in normal and superconducting states of YBa₂Cu₃O_6+x (123) and YBa₂Cu₄O₈ (124) compounds doped with 1% Gd. In the 123 sample withx = 0.9T _c = 90 K), theT ₁ behavior within 50 <T< 200 K reveals the [1 ? tanh²(Δ/2kT)]/T dependence typical of a spin gap opening with Δ ≈ 240 K. Below 50 K, the exponential slowing down ofT ₁ is limited by the Korringa-like behaviorT ₁ T = const); the same Korringa-like law is found in the 123 sample withx = 0.59 (T _c = 56 K) within the total 4.2–200 K temperature range. This is interpreted in terms of microscopic separation of the normal and superconducting phases allowing for the electron spin cross-relaxation between them. In the 124 sample (T _c = 82 K), the Gd³⁺ relaxation rate below 60 K is found to obey a power lawT _n with an exponentn ≈ 3. Such a behavior (previously reported for nuclear spin relaxation) is indicative of the d-wave superconducting pairing. Additional paramagnetic centers characterized by relatively slow spin-lattice relaxation are found in both 123 and 124 systems. A well-pronounced change in theT ₁ temperature dependence atTT* ≈ 180–200 K is observed for these slowly relaxing centers as well as for the conventional, fast-relaxing Gd³⁺ ions, suggesting microscopic phase separation and a change in the relaxation mechanism due to electronic crossover related with the opening of the spin gap. This hypothesis is supported by some “180 K anomalies” previously reported by other authors.     

LOW-FREQUENCY INTERNAL FRICTION STUDY ON MODIFIED LEAD METANIOBATE CERAMICS

Six Q^-1 peaks in freshly-worked PbNb₂O₆ ceramics are observed by low-frequency internal friction measurement so far as we know for the first time. P₁, P₂, and P₄ appear at the first heating process with remarkable shear modulus anomalies. But they are not observed during the cooling process or in the well-annealed samples. Those peaks are considered to be related with the working processes. P₃ is a widened Debye relaxation peak in nature. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor are about 1.01 eV and 2.5×10^-12 s, respectively. This peak is attributed to the interaction of domain walls and oxygen vacancies. P₆ is corresponded with the paraelectric and ferroelectric phase transition. P₅, appearing near T_c, is thought to be caused by the viscous movement of the domain walls.