Automorphisms inc 0,l 1 andm

It is proved that ifX=c ₀ orm and ifY andZ are subspaces ofX withX/Y andX/Z non-reflexive, then any isomorphism ofY ontoZ has an extension to an automorphism ofX. A dual result is obtained forX=l ₁. This research was partially supported by NSF-GP-8964.     

The space of maps from a locally compact space to a Banach space

The space of continuous maps from a topological spaceX to topological spaceY is denoted byC(X,Y) with the compact-open topology. In this paper we prove thatC(X,Y) is an absolute retract ifX is a locally compact separable metric space andY a convex set in a Banach space. From the above fact we know thatC(X,Y) is homomorphic to Hilbert spacel ₂ ifX is a locally compact separable metric space andY a separable Banach space; in particular,C(R ⁿ,R^m) is homomorphic to Hilbert spacel ₂. This research is supported by the Science Foundation of Shanxi Province's Scientific Committee     

The problem of envelopes for Banach spaces

LetX be a Banach space. A Banach spaceY is an envelope ofX if (1)Y is finitely representable inX; (2) any Banach spaceZ finitely representable inX and of density character not exceeding that ofY is isometric to a subspace ofY. Lindenstrauss and Pelczynski have asked whether any separable Banach space has a separable envelope. We give a negative answer to this question by showing the existence of a Banach space isomorphic tol ₂, which has no separable envelope. A weaker positive result holds: any separable Banach space has an envelope of density character ≦ℵ₁ (assuming the continuum hypothesis).     

EmbeddingL 1 in a Banach lattice

We show that ifX is a Banach lattice containing no copy ofc ₀ and ifZ is a subspace ofX isomorphic toL ₁[0, 1] then (a)Z contains a subspaceZ ₀ isomorphic toL ₁ and complemented inX and (b)X contains a complemented sublattice isomorphic and lattice-isomorphic toL ₁.     

Multiplicative perturbations in semigroup theory with the (Z)-condition

In [4] the (Z)-condition was introduced by G. W. Desch and W. Schappacher. This condition on a Banach spaceZ and a generatorA inX ensures thatA(I+B) and(I+B)A generateC ₀-semigroups, ifB has its range inZ. In this paper we will consider how certain properties of the semigroup generated byA are inherited by the semigroups generated byA(I+B) and(I+B)A. We shall furthermore investigate a related condition, that simplifies certain sufficiency assumptions given previously.     

Topological direct sum decompositions of banach spaces

LetY andZ be two closed subspaces of a Banach spaceX such thatY≠lcub;0rcub; andY+Z=X. Then, ifZ is weakly countably determined, there exists a continuous projectionT inX such that ∥T∥=1,T(X)⊃Y, T ⁻¹(0)⊂Z and densT(X)=densY. It follows that every Banach spaceX is the topological direct sum of two subspacesX ₁ andX ₂ such thatX ₁ is reflexive and densX ₂**=densX**/X.     

Isometric embeddings of compact spaces into Banach spaces

We show the existence of a compact metric space K such that whenever K embeds isometrically into a Banach space Y, then any separable Banach space is linearly isometric to a subspace of Y. We also address the following related question: if a Banach space Y contains an isometric copy of the unit ball or of some special compact subset of a separable Banach space X, does it necessarily contain a subspace isometric to X? We answer positively this question when X is a polyhedral finite-dimensional space, c₀ or ?₁.     

Measurability of inverses of random operators and existence theorems

Let (Ω,B,μ) be ameasure space andX a separable Hubert space. LetT be a random operator from Ω ×X intoX. In this paper we investigate the measurability ofT ^-1. In our main theorems we show that ifT is a separable random operator withT(w) almost sure invertible and monotone and demicontinuous thenT ^-1is also a random operator. As an application of this we give an existence theorem for random Hammerstein operator equation.     

The Choquet integral representation in the affine vector-valued case

LetX be any compact convex subset of a locally convex Hausdorff space andE be a complex Banach space. We denote byA(X, E) the space of all continuous and affineE-valued functions defined onX. In this paper we prove thatX is a Choquet simplex if and only if the dual ofA(X, E) is isometrically isomorphic by a selection map toM _m (X, E*), the space ofE*-valued,w*-regular boundary measures onX. This extends and strengthens a result of G. M. Ustinov. To do this we show that for any compact convex setX, each element of the dual ofA(X, E) can be represented by a measure inM _m (X, E*) with the same norm, and this representation is unique if and only ifX is a Choquet simplex. We also prove that ifX is metrizable andE is separable then there exists a selection map from the unit ball of the dual ofA(X, E) into the unit ball ofM _m (X, E*) which is weak* to weak*-Borel measurable.This work will constitute a portion of the author's Ph.D. Thesis at the University of Illinois.     

Geometrical implications of the existence of very smooth bump functions in Banach spaces

We show that ifX is a Banach space and if there is a non-zero real-valuedC ^∞-smooth function onX with bounded support, then eitherX contains an isomorphic copy ofc ₀(N), or there is an integerk greater than or equal to 1 such thatX is of exact cotype 2k and, in this case,X contains an isomorphic copy ofl ^2k(N). We also show that ifX is a Banach space such that there is onX a non-zero real-valuedC ⁴-smooth function with bounded support and ifX is of cotypeq forq<4, thenX is isomorphic to a Hilbert space.     

On bases,finite dimensional decompositions and weaker structures in Banach spaces

This is an investigation of the connections between bases and weaker structures in Banach spaces and their duals. It is proved, e.g., thatX has a basis ifX* does, and that ifX has a basis, thenX* has a basis provided thatX* is separable and satisfies Grothendieck’s approximation property; analogous results are obtained concerning π-structures and finite dimensional Schauder decompositions. The basic results are then applied to show that every separableℒ _p space has a basis. The second and third named authors have been supported by the NSF Grant GP 12997.     

On operators which attain their norm

The following problem is considered. LetX andY be Banach spaces. Are those operators fromX toY which attain their norm on the unit cell ofX, norm dense in the space of all operators fromX toY? It is proved that this is always the case ifX is reflexive. In general the answer is negative and it depends on some convexity and smoothness properties of the unit cells inX andY. As an application a refinement of the Krein-Milman theorem and Mazur’s theorem concerning the density of smooth points, in the case of weakly compact sets in a separable space, is obtained.     

On the weight-spectrum of a compact space

The weight-spectrumSp(w, X) of a spaceX is the set of weights of all infinite closed subspaces ofX. We prove that ifκ>ω is regular andX is compactT ₂ withω(X)≥κ then some λ withκ≤λ≤2^<κ is inSp(ω, X). Under CH this implies that the weight spectrum of a compact space can not omitω ₁, and thus solves problem 22 of [M]. Also, it is consistent with 2^ω=c being anything it can be that every countable closed setT of cardinals less thanc withω ∈ T satisfiesSp(w, X)=T for some separable compact LOTSX. This shows the independence from ZFC of a conjecture made in [AT]. Research supported by OTKA grant no. 1908.     

On isometric stability of complemented subspaces of L p

We show that the Rudin-Plotkin isometry extension theorem inL _pimplies that whenX andY are isometric subspaces ofL _pandp is not an even integer, 1≤p<∞, thenX is complemented inL _pif and only ifY is; moreover, the constants of complementation ofX andY are equal. We provide examples demonstrating that this fact fails whenp is an even integer larger than 2.     

Strict quasicomplements and the operators of dense imbedding

A quasicomplementM to a subspaceN of a Banach spaceX is called strict ifM does not contain an infinite-dimensional subspaceM ₁ such that the linear manifoldN+M ₁ is closed. It is proved that ifX is separable, thenN always admits a strict quasicomplement. We study the properties of the restrictions of the operators of dense imbedding to infinite-dimensional closed subspaces of a space where these operators are defined. Zaporozhye University, Zaporozhye. Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurmal, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 789–792, June, 1994     

Some remarks on the study of good contractions

LetX be a complex projective variety with log terminal singularities admitting an extremal contraction in terms of Minimal Model Theory, i.e. a projective morphism φ:X→Z onto a normal varietyZ with connected fibers which is given by a (high multiple of a) divisor of the typeK _x+rL, wherer is a positive rational number andL is an ample Cartier divisor. We first prove that the dimension of anu fiberF of φ is bigger or equal to (r-1) and, if φ is birational, thatdimF≥r, with the equalities if and only ifF is the projective space andL the hyperplane bundle (this is a sort of “relative” version of a theorem of Kobayashi-Ochiai). Then we describe the structure of the morphism φ itself in the case in which all fibers have minimal dimension with the respect tor. If φ is a birational divisorial contraction andX has terminal singularities we prove that φ is actually a “blow-up”.     

Extremal properties of contraction semigroups onc 0

For any complex Banach spaceX, letJ denote the duality mapping ofX. For any unit vectorx inX and any (C ₀) contraction semigroup (T _t ) _t>0 onX, Baillon and Guerre-Delabriere proved that ifX is a smooth reflexive Banach space and if there isx ^*∈J(x) such that ÷〈(T(t)x, J(x)〈÷→1 ast→∞, then there is a unit vectory∈X which is an eigenvector of the generatorA of (T _t ) _t>0 associated with a purely imaginary eigenvalue. They asked whether this result is still true ifX is replaced byc ₀. In this article, we show the answer is negative Partial results of this paper were obtained when the author attended the International Conference of Convexity at the University of Marne-La-Vallée. He would like to express his gratitude for the kind hospitality offered to him. He would also like to thank Profs. Goldstein and Jamison for their valuable suggestions.     

The universality of ? 1 as a dual space

Let X be a Banach space with a separable dual. We prove that X embeds isomorphically into a ${{\mathcal L}_\infty}$ space Z whose dual is isomorphic to ? ₁. If, moreover, U is a space with separable dual, so that U and X are totally incomparable, then we construct such a Z, so that Z and U are totally incomparable. If X is separable and reflexive, we show that Z can be made to be somewhat reflexive.     

Extensions of lipschitz maps into Banach spaces

It is proved that ifY ⊂X are metric spaces withY havingn≧2 points then any mapf fromY into a Banach spaceZ can be extended to a map fromX intoZ so that wherec is an absolute constant. A related result is obtained for the case whereX is assumed to be a finite-dimensional normed space andY is an arbitrary subset ofX. Supported in part by US-Israel Binational Science Foundation and by NSF MCS-7903042. Supported in part by NSF MCS-8102714.     

C(K) quotients of separable ℒ∞ spaces

It is shown that ifX is an ℒ⫗ space with separable dual, thenX has a quotient isomorphic toC(ω)^α if, and only if, there is anɛ >0, such that theɛ-Szlenk index ofX is at leastα. It was previously known, that ifX is a separable ℒ⫗ space with a non-separable dual, thenX has a quotient isomorphic toC[0, 1]. Research partially supported by NSF Grant MCS-74-07509-A03.