Adaptive frequency domain pre-equalization for white-LED nonlinearity in OFDM-based visible light communication systems

In visible light communication, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) is an effective approach to improve the system speed. However, the nonlinearity of the light-emitting diode(LED) suppresses the transmission performance. The low-frequency part of the transmitted signal from LED suffers more from nonlinearity.Therefore, a pre-equalization scheme which suppresses the low frequency part of the OFDM signal and enhances the high frequency part can decrease the impact of LED nonlinearity. The experimental results show that the bit-error rate performance is largely enhanced by the pre-compensation.     

一种用于可见光通信的色移键控与高速可变脉冲混合调制方法

对可见光通信(VLC)中高速可调光调制方法进行了研究。提出了高速可变脉冲调制(HVPM),并与色移键控(CSK)调制混合用于VLC中,以简化CSK调制的严格同步问题,且支持精确调光。对混合调制方法的带宽利用率和误比特率进行了分析与仿真。结果表明:混合调制方法可使通信带宽利用率高于1;相比于可变开关键控(VOOK)、可变脉冲位置调制(VPPM)和多脉冲位置调制(MPPM)等典型可调光调制方式,所提出的混合调制方式具有更优的带宽利用率和高速低误比特率传输性能;在满足可见光通信照明要求时,该混合调制方法更适用于高速数据传输。     

Simulation research of medium-short distance free-space optical communication with optical amplification based on polarization shift keying modulation

Circular polarization shift keying (CPolSK) modulation technique has many advantages such as excellent BER performance and freedom from the alignment of polarization coordinates of the transmitter and the receiver, etc., and it turns out to be a good choice to FSO system. In this paper, a FSO system using CPolSK modulation is studied by simulation; it is found that the communication performance of the system is excellent in most weather condition. Additionally, three ways of optical signal amplification are proposed, and contrastive analysis on performance of corresponding optical amplification systems is carried out by examining SNR、BER and transmission distance with different specific attenuation. The results show that the system with optical amplifier at the transmitter have the optimum performance, and then the system with optical amplifier at the both ends with the same total gain, it is worst for the system with optical amplifier at the receiver. In addition, the safety factor for high emission power induced by optical amplification is also considered in this paper for practical application. The study above may be utilized in the system design for enhancing performance.     

循环移位扩频水声通信

针对常规直接序列扩频水声通信数据传输速率低及M元扩频水声通信接收机复杂度高的问题,基于扩频序列优良的相关特性,提出循环移位扩频水声通信方法.在发射端,根据输入信息对基本波形进行循环移位编码;在接收端,利用快速相关技术进行时延估计及译码.进行了中远程湖上实验研究,在15 km距离,2 kHz带宽内,总数据传输速率可达438 bit/s, 误码率为10^-2—10^-5.实验结果表明该方法具有带宽利用率高、复杂度低的特点,适用于中远程及多用户水声通信. 关键词： 水声通信 扩频 循环移位 时延估计     

MISO visible light communication system utilizing hybrid post-equalizer aided pre-convergence of STBC decoding

In this Letter, we propose a modified hybrid linear and nonlinear post-equalizer to aid pre-convergence of space–time block coding(STBC) decoding in the formulated multiple-input-single-output(MISO) visible light communication(VLC) model. Meanwhile, we present a channel estimation algorithm, as the existing method is suboptimal. Experiments demonstrate that a data rate of 1 Gbit/s is easily achieved in 1.3 m indoor free space transmission with the bit error rate(BER) limited to 3.8 × 10~(-3). Correspondingly, the Q factor can be improved to 3.13 d B compared to the pure linear equalizer case.     

Bandwidth-efficient visible light communication system based on faster-than-Nyquist pre-coded CAP modulation

With the rapid development of the light-emitting diode(LED) industry, interest in visible light communication(VLC) is growing. The limited bandwidth of commercial LEDs is one of the main challenges to achieve highspeed VLC. In this Letter, a kind of bandwidth-efficient VLC system based on carrierless amplitude and phase(CAP) modulation is proposed, where a simple differential faster-than-Nyquist(FTN) pre-coding scheme is employed to compress the spectrum and further improve the overall system baud rate. The system is experimentally demonstrated with a data rate of 1.47-Gb/s over 1.5 m free space transmission. The results indicate that an improvement of 80 Mbaud is achieved by FTN-CAP4 at 20% subband overlap and 40 Mbaud rate improvement by FTN-CAP16 at 7.5% subband overlap. Compared with traditional CAP, the FTN pre-coded CAP shows a better performance in spectral efficiency(SE) and intercarrier interference resistance. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to employ FTN pre-coded CAP in indoor high-data-rate VLC systems.     

AC-based phosphor LED visible light communication by utilizing novel signal modulation

We propose and demonstrate a new AC-light emitting diode based visible light communication system, in which the message signal is up-converted to 400 kHz frequency band and combine with the 60 Hz AC-power from the outlet. A special design bias-tee circuit is first implemented to combine the message signal and the AC-power for minimizing the signal distortion. Thus, the spectra of both signals are well separated. A special design clock recovery is used to synchronize the AC-power with the message signal; hence the message signal can be correctly applied to the rectified AC-power cycle.     

Multi-amplitude minimum shift keying modulation format for optical communications

We present the multi-amplitude level minimum shift keying (M-ary MSK) modulation scheme for long haul optically amplified transmission systems. New configurations of optical M-ary MSK transmitters using two cascaded electro-optic phase modulators are proposed and its detailed operation principles are expressed. The optical receiver for optical multi-amplitude MSK modulation format requires both amplitude direct-detection and differential phase balanced-detection. Numerical results on spectral characteristics, dispersion tolerance and the relationship between amplitude and phase with launched average power for long-haul transmission of multi-level MSK modulation format are presented. The dispersion tolerance shows that the 2-amplitude MSK at 80 Gb/s is well compared with 40 Gb/s binary MSK modulation format.     

M元码元移位键控扩频水声通信

针对传统直接序列扩频、M元扩频和码元移位键控扩频水声通信速率低的问题,基于小Kasami序列优良的自相关和互相关特性,提出了M元扩频和码元移位键控扩频两者相结合的水声扩频通信新方法.不仅利用了不同的序列信息,还利用了相同序列的扩频码相位信息.对于自相关和互相关函数在加性高斯白噪声和衰落信道下对M元码元移位键控扩频这种水声通信方法的影响进行了分析,并分别在两种信道下对其性能进行仿真,仿真结果表明在同等通信速率下M元码元移位键控扩频的抗噪声能力要高于直接序列扩频、M元扩频和码元移位键控扩频.在水池对M元扩频、码元移位键控扩频和M元码元移位键控这三种情况进行了比较性实验.在10~4比特的数据量下,实现了253.6 bps通信速率的M元码元移位键控无误码传输.     

正交码元移位键控扩频水声通信

码元移位键控(CSK)作为一种广义的M元扩频技术被广泛应用于水声通信领域来克服扩频增益对通信速率的限制.为了获得更高的通信速率, 减少通道间干扰, 并充分利用 CSK的冗余信息, 本文提出联合利用码元相位信息的正交双通道CSK扩频水声通信技术.首先, 推导了正交CSK每符号积分输出的表达式; 然后, 研究了正交CSK的性能及与传统CSK和双通道CSK对比仿真的误码率; 最后, 通过实验验证了仿真对比的正确性. 实现了正交CSK在10⁴ bits, 4 kHz带宽下580.6 bps通信速率的有效传输. 通过公式推导、 仿真分析和实验研究, 得到正交CSK提供了优良的性能的结论. 关键词： 水声通信 扩频 正交 CSK     

Optimized photoelectric receiver to enhance modulation bandwidth of visible light communication system

In the visible light communication (VLC) system which combines lighting and communication functions, the 3-dB modulation bandwidth is mainly limited by the light-emitting diode (LED) suffered high-frequency response attenuation. An optimized photoelectric receiver was proposed to enhance the 3-dB modulation bandwidth. The frequency response of the photoelectric receiver was derived. Theoretical analysis predicted that a gain peak would appear in the high-frequency response of the photoelectric receiver. The value of the gain and the frequency point of the gain peak can be adjusted by selecting appropriate values of feedback resistor and capacitor. Then, the measurement platform of 3-dB modulation bandwidth for blue-LED VLC system was established. Experimental measurements demonstrated that the photoelectric receiver with proper sets of feedback resistor and capacitor can compensate the high-frequency response attenuation of a normal LED. The 3-dB modulation bandwidth obtains 56% enhancement if the photoelectric receiver was replaced from a commercial one to our optimized design. In order to further expand the 3-dB modulation bandwidth, an equalization circuit consists of two-stage transistor amplifier and an emitter-follower was introduced to suppress the low-frequency response. The 3-dB modulation bandwidth for the VLC system with our optimized photoelectric receiver can be expanded to 241 or 281 MHz, while the circuit was, respectively, arranged as pre-equalization or post-equalization.     

正交M元码元移位键控扩频水声通信

M元和码元移位键控(CSK)扩频在水声通信中被广泛采用来克服扩频增益对通信速率的限制。为了获得更高的通信速率,文章基于Gold序列较大的码本数量、良好的自相关和互相关特性,提出正交双通道的M元和CSK相结合的水声通信方法。通过公式推导描述了正交M元CSK的调制和解调流程及影响其性能的因素。并且,通过与双通道M元CSK的仿真比较,得到正交M元CSK的误码率曲线。最后,通过实验验证了仿真的有效性。并实现了10 kbits数据量下1096.8 bps通信速率的无误码传输。通过推导、仿真和实验,可以得到这样的结论:正交M元CSK提供了优良的通信性能。     

Orthogonal M-ary code shift keying spread spectrum underwater acoustic communication

M-ary and code shift keying（CSK）spread spectrum is generally applied to overcoming the spreading gain versus data rate limitation in underwater acoustic（UWA）communications.In addition,the concept of orthogonal M-ary CSK is introduced to UWA communication to gain higher rates.We propose a scheme employing dual-orthogonal-channel M-ary and CSK spread spectrum UWA communication based on Gold sequences owing large code set and good self and cross correlation.The modulation and demodulation scheme of the orthogonal M-ary CSK is derived algebraically and the factors critical to its performance are discussed.Furthermore,its bit error rate（BER）curve is evaluated via simulations and compared with the dual-channel M-ary CSK.Finally,the validity of the simulations is verified in tank experiments.1096.8 bps data rate of the proposed communication scheme is realized for 10 kbits data volume with no error.Overall through deduction,numerical simulation,and experiment,it is shown that the proposed method offers significantly improved performance.     

High speed optical transmission utilizing constant envelope modulation based on frequency shift keying and minimum-shift keying

A novel 40-Gb/s constant envelope optical frequency shift keying （FSK） transmitter and the transmission characteristics are investigated both by simulation and experiment. Meanwhile, to increase the spectrum efficiency of FSK, we propose a novel optical minimum-shift keying （MSK） scheme and analyze its per-formance compared with other MSK schemes and other traditional modulation formats. Simulation and experimental results show that the novel FSK scheme could be a potential candidate for the future high speed transmission and label switching systems. And the novel MSK scheme deserves future deep research for its potential excellent performance.     

Multi-hop relay-based maritime visible light communication

This Letter presents a multi-hop relay visible light communication(VLC) system for maritime applications.Maritime VLC systems suffer from limited coverage distance due inherently to the usage of light-emitting diodes and photodetectors. The proposed system employs a multiple of decode-and-forward relays to extend coverage distance in maritime environments. The multi-hop relay based maritime VLC is analyzed under a maritime channel modeled by the JONSWAP spectrum and gamma–gamma distribution. It is found that the use of relays in maritime environments can extend the coverage distance significantly and also improve the performance. In addition,the performance of the system is analyzed using various combining techniques at the receiver to enhance the performance. The maximal ratio combining technique is found to provide superior link quality in maritime environments.     

A novel modulation and direct detection scheme of optical phase shift keying

This paper introduces a new modulation and direct detection scheme of optical phase shift keying (PSK)which is simple and practical in fiber optical communication. A phase modulator is used to modulate a continuous wave (CW) laser source and return-to-zero (RZ) signal that is changed from the initial transmitting information is used to control a phase modulator to form a optical PSK signal. In the receiver terminal, just add a signal delayed a half of one bit to itself so that the initial information can be restored.     

Adaptive multiple-input multiple-output mode switching for indoor visible light communication system with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an adaptive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) mode switching scheme for an indoor visible light communication system combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation.Only requiring 1 bit feedback from the receiver,the MIMO mode at the transmitter switches between spatial multiplexing and transmit diversity adapting to the channel correlation.In such a way,we can take advantage of both spatial multiplexing and transmit diversity,where the spatial multiplexing benefits for its multiplexing gain in the low channel correlation environment,and the transmit diversity is robust to high channel correlation.Experimental results validate the performance improvement over the pure spatial multiplexing or transmit diversity system.With the increasing of the channel correlation,the measured bit error rates of the proposed system are below the 7% pre-forward error correction(pre-FEC) limit of 3.8 × 10~(-3)when the transmitted data rate is 50 Mb/s,and below the 20% pre-FEC threshold of 5.0 × 10~(-2) when the transmitted data rate is raised up to 100 Mb/s.     

Performance of free-space optical communication systems using circle polarization shift keying with spatial diversity receivers

A closed-form bit-error rate （BER） expression is derived for free-space optical （FSO） communication systems with circle polarization shift keying and spatial diversity receivers in the gamma-gamma （GG） distribution fading channel. This model can predict the performance without the need of lengthy simulation runs. The performance can be analyzed by some system parameters such as atmospheric conditions, link length, communication wavelength, receiver aperture size, and number of spatial diversity receivers. Numerical results demonstrate the influence of the above parameters on the FSO systems and show quantitatively the differences in behavior among various different parameters.     

A novel method of high speed frequency shift keying modulation in mm waves

To place a high speed switching diode in the cavity of the mm wave scillator has the behavior equivalent to an inductive post. The on-and-off switching of the diode will give rise to the change of inductance, hence the change of parameters of the cavity, and the osaillating frequency. In this article, the basic principle and the measured result are given. It is found that this is an efficient method in high speed frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation for a mm wave transmitter in communication.     

正交多载波M元循环移位键控扩频水声通信

针对水声扩频通信中频带利用率低的问题, 提出了一种M元扩频技术和循环移位键控(CSK)技术相结合的多载波调制方式, 将M元扩频后选择的扩频码同时采用CSK调制, 并调制在多个正交的载波上, 显著提高了频带利用率. 在水声多途信道下, 采用相同的通信速率和带宽, m序列、Kasami小集合序列和Gold序列为扩频码时, 比较了系统的误码性能. 仿真结果和实验结果均表明, m序列为扩频码时性能最优, Gold序列性能最差. 由于m序列数量有限, 为了进一步提高通信速率, 并使其他序列的性能接近m序列性能, 提出了一种复合序列抑制载波间干扰的算法, 该算法能够很好抑制多途干扰, 使复合序列性能接近m序列的性能. 关键词： M元扩频')" href="#">M元扩频 循环移位键控 正交多载波 载波间干扰