Determination of the enantiomeric purity of amphetamine after derivatization with Sanger’s reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene [DNFB]) by simultaneous dual circular dichroism and ultraviolet spectroscopy

Determination of Se in biological materials was attempted by microwave-induced plasma mass spectrometry (MIP-MS). (1) Serum samples were available after 10 times dilution with 0.5% nitric acid solution containing 0.1% Triton X-100. When oxygen gas was inserted into the plasma gas (nitrogen) in order to improve the combustion, the sensitivity was reduced to 45%. The detection limit of this method was 0.5 ng/mL. (2) Standard reference materials on commercial base were used to evaluate the accuracy of the Se determination by MIP-MS after microwave digestion. In samples like bovine liver and human hair with Se concentrations of more than 0.7 μg/g, the standard curve method after internal standard (IS) correction was acceptable. This procedure was unsuitable for samples with low Se concentrations such as milk powder (certified value of Se 0.11 μg/g), or plant leaf samples. (3) Instead of IS correction, the peak height of the spectrum was used for calculations from the matrix matched calibration curve. The results of all materials were close to the certified values, even at 25 ng/g. The detection limit of the MIP-MS with microwave digestion and IS correction was 0.05 ng/mL in standard solutions. The detection limit of the peak height method was 0.1 ng/mL and was estimated to be < 20 ng/g in plant materials.     

微波密闭消解-ICP-MS－标准加入法测定矿石中金和银

建立了微波密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)采用标准加入法测定矿石中痕量元素金和银。考察了微波试样消解、基体效应、质谱干扰,并进行了ICP离子源以及质谱仪检测条件和微波消解参数的最优化。以标准加入法消除复杂多变的矿石基体对分析信号的影响,干扰校正方程消除多原子离子等质谱重叠影响。本法测定矿石中金银结果表明:回收率为197Au 106%～113%、107Ag 95%～105%、 109Ag 93%～103%,相对标准偏差RSD <6%（n=8）,检测限197Au为10 ng/g、107Ag为3 ng/g、109Ag为6 ng/g。方法适用性强,可满足不同类型矿石中超痕量金银的测定,分析步骤少,操作简便,快捷准确     

微波消解–ICP–MS法测定话梅中的二氧化钛

建立了微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP–MS)测定话梅中二氧化钛的方法。话梅样品用硝酸及过氧化氢经微波消解仪消解,将消解液除酸定容后用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定,以内标法测得钛的含量,并转换成样品中的二氧化钛含量。钛含量在0~500μg/kg范围内与信号强度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r=0.999 9,检出限为0.04μg/kg。在0.06,0.15,0.30μg/kg的添加水平下,加标回收率为80%~100%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~3.9%(n=6)。该法稳定性好,测定结果准确、可靠。     

Determination of phosphorus in small amounts of protein samples by ICP–MS

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used for phosphorus determination in protein samples. A small amount of solid protein sample (down to 1 micro g) or digest (1-10 micro L) protein solution was denatured in nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide by closed-microvessel microwave digestion. Phosphorus determination was performed with an optimized analytical method using a double-focusing sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-SFMS) and quadrupole-based ICP-MS (ICP-QMS). For quality control of phosphorus determination a certified reference material (CRM), single cell proteins (BCR 273) with a high phosphorus content of 26.8+/-0.4 mg g(-1), was analyzed. For studies on phosphorus determination in proteins while reducing the sample amount as low as possible the homogeneity of CRM BCR 273 was investigated. Relative standard deviation and measurement accuracy in ICP-QMS was within 2%, 3.5%, 11% and 12% when using CRM BCR 273 sample weights of 40 mg, 5 mg, 1 mg and 0.3 mg, respectively. The lowest possible sample weight for an accurate phosphorus analysis in protein samples by ICP-MS is discussed. The analytical method developed was applied for the analysis of homogeneous protein samples in very low amounts [1-100 micro g of solid protein sample, e.g. beta-casein or down to 1 micro L of protein or digest in solution (e.g., tau protein)]. A further reduction of the diluted protein solution volume was achieved by the application of flow injection in ICP-SFMS, which is discussed with reference to real protein digests after protein separation using 2D gel electrophoresis.The detection limits for phosphorus in biological samples were determined by ICP-SFMS down to the ng g(-1) level. The present work discusses the figure of merit for the determination of phosphorus in a small amount of protein sample with ICP-SFMS in comparison to ICP-QMS.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定农产品样品中6种痕量元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定果蔬类、大米等农产品样品中痕量元素的方法.样品通过HNO3-H2 O2混酸体系微波消解,以Rh作为内标溶液消除基体干扰,在仪器最佳条件下测定植物样中镉、铅、铬、铜、镍、锌6种痕量元素.方法的检出限为0.002～0.5μg/g;相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.84％ ～7.4％...     

微波密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定矿石中金和银

建立了微波密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定矿石中痕量元素金和银。考察了微波消解试样、基体效应、质谱干扰,并进行了ICP离子源以及质谱仪检测条件和微波消解参数的最优化。以标准加入法消除复杂多变的矿石基体对分析信号的影响,干扰校正方程消除多原子离子等质谱重叠影响。测定矿石中金银结果表明:回收率为197Au106%～113%、107Ag95%～105%、109Ag93%～103%,相对标准偏差RSD<6%(n=8),检测限197Au、107Ag、109Ag分别为10、3、6ng/g。方法适用性强,可满足不同类型矿石中超痕量金银的测定,分析步骤少,操作简便,快捷准确。     

An evaluation of analytical techniques for determination of lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury in food-packaging materials

Closed microwave digestion and a high-pressure asher have been evaluated for wet-oxidation and extraction of lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury from a range of typical packaging materials used for food products. For the high-pressure asher a combination of nitric and sulfuric acids was efficient for destruction of a range of packaging materials; for polystyrene, however, nitric acid alone was more efficient. For microwave digestion, a reagent containing nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrogen peroxide was used for all materials except polystyrene. Use of the high-pressure asher resulted in the highest recoveries of spiked lead (median 92%), cadmium (median 92%), chromium (median 97%), and mercury (median 83%). All samples were spiked before digestion with 40 μg L^–1 Cd, Cr, and Pb and 8 μg L^–1 Hg in solution. The use of indium as internal standard improved the accuracy of results from both ICP–MS and ICP–AES. Average recovery of the four elements from spiked packaging materials was 92 ± 14% by ICP–MS and 87 ± 15% (except for mercury) by ICP– AES. For mercury analysis by CVAAS, use of tin(II) chloride as reducing agent resulted in considerably better accuracy than use of sodium borohydride reagent.     

ICP–AES法测定低合金钢中的微量硼

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP–AES)测定低合金钢中硼元素的含量。采用密闭微波消解法对样品进行溶解,考察了铁基体元素和共存元素对硼元素测定的影响,确定了硼元素的分析线为208.959 nm,通过基体匹配消除基体的影响。硼的质量浓度在0~5.00μg/m L范围内与谱线强度呈良好的线性,相关系数r2=0.999 9,方法检出限为0.004μg/m L,加标回收率为96%~103%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%~2.9%(n=8)。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确度,满足低合金钢中硼元素的分析要求。     

Quantification of phosphorus in DNA using capillary electrophoresis hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

We have analyzed phosphorus in an enzymatically digested DNA molecule using capillary electrophoresis (CE) hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The DNA concentration was quantified by the phosphorus value obtained in the CE-ICP-MS analysis. The CE-ICP-MS measurement, for which the interface device AIF-01 equipped three layered nebulizer was adopted, was achieved with limited μL/min nebulizing without loss of sample in the vaporizing chamber. The samples of nucleotides and free phosphate were separated well in the CE-ICP-MS measurement, and the calibration curve (0.1-10μg/mL) of the phosphorus showed a linear (R(2)=0.999) increase in intensity. After digestion of the 100-bp double-strand DNA sample to deoxyribonucleotide-5'-monophosphates (dNMPs) by phosphodiesterase-I, phosphorus was detected by CE-ICP-MS without further purification steps. In this study, we applied two calculation schemes of DNA analysis using a dNMP concentration obtained from CE-ICP-MS. Comparative CE-ICP-MS analysis with DNA digested to dNMPs showed that the assay gave an equal value obtained from the total DNA quantification using fluorescence detection. The detection limits of the DNA sample obtained from these species and phosphorus in nucleotides using CE-ICP-MS were 3.1-26ng/mL. These LOD values were equal to the conventional fluorescence determination of DNA.     

Critical evaluation of analytical performance of atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for mercury determination

The analytical performance of cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for mercury determination have been investigated with the use of two reference materials SRM 2710 Montana I Soil and BCR-144R (sewage sludge from domestic origin). The digestion conditions and their influence on determination of mercury have been studied. Samples were decomposed by microwave digestion in closed vessels with the use of HCl alone or mixture of HCl+HNO₃+HF. The digestion solutions were analyzed by CV AAS using NaBH₄ as a reducing agent, by GF AAS with Pd or mixture of Pd/Rh as modifiers and by ICP-MS with Rh as internal standard. In the case of CV AAS, results were not dependent on digestion conditions. In the case of GF AAS and ICP-MS, results depended significantly on digestion conditions; in both cases, the use of the mixture of acids as defined above suppressed the signal of mercury. Therefore, in those cases, the microwave digestion with HCl is recommended. Detection limits of 0.003, 0.01 and 0.2 μg g⁻¹ were achieved by ICP-MS, CV AAS and GF AAS, respectively.     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定中成药胶囊中15种金属元素

采用硝酸-过氧化氢体系微波消解,以钪、铟作内标,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定几种中成药及空心胶囊中的15种金属元素,各元素方法检出限在0.000 7~0.047μg/g之间,相对标准偏差小于10%,标准物质加标回收率在82.3%~116%之间.方法简便快捷,灵敏度高,重现性好,是测定中成药及其空心胶囊中多元素高效、准确的方法.     

微波消解–电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定DD6单晶合金中铝、铬、钴

建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定DD6单晶高温合金中铝、铬、钴元素含量的方法。采用密闭微波消解法对样品进行前处理,利用模拟溶液分别考察基体元素和共存元素的光谱干扰及非光谱干扰对测定结果的影响,确定了铝、铬、钴的分析谱线分别为394.401,267.716,228.616 nm,通过基体匹配法对非光谱干扰进行补偿。待测元素在各自的质量浓度范围内与光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.9999,铝、铬、钴的检出限分别为0.110,0.018,0.003 μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.99%~1.21%(n=11),铝、铬、钴的加标回收率在分别为96.45%~103.69%,98.20%~99.40%,100.22%~102.85%。该方法简便、快速,具有较高的准确度,适用于镍基单晶高温合金中铝、铬、钴元素的测定。     

微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定酱卤肉中铬、砷、镉、铊、铅

建立微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定酱卤肉中铬、砷、镉、铊、铅5种元素含量的检测方法。采用微波消解法处理酱卤肉样品,对预处理条件和仪器工作参数进行了优化,以内标校正法降低基体影响。结果表明,铬、砷、镉、铊、铅5种元素的质量浓度在0.1~50.0 μg/L范围内与质谱响应值具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.2~6.2 μg/kg。在3种加标浓度水平下平均回收率为72.4%~113.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.1%~7.7%(n=6)。该方法简便,快速,高效,准确,可为酱卤肉中铬、砷、镉、铊、铅的测定提供技术支持。     

Determination of twenty-five elements in lichens by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and microwave-assisted acid digestion

A simple and efficient digestion method for rapid sample preparation and quantification of 25 chemical elements in lichens by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is described. A microwave (MW)-assisted acid digestion was carried out at atmospheric pressure simultaneously handling up to 80 samples in screw-capped disposable polystyrene tubes. This digestion procedure was compared with the established MW digestion in closed vessels in order to examine its potential applicability in routine analysis for environmental monitoring. Three certified reference materials, i.e. BCR 482 (lichens), BCR 62 (olive leaves) and BCR 100 (beech leaves), as well as a small set of real samples were analyzed. Limits of quantification, accuracy and precision of the method were assessed. The majority of the elements were totally recovered from the lichens and from the other vegetable matrices. Low contamination risk, simplicity, time-saving, and applicability in routine analyses make this method very suitable for use in extensive screening campaigns.     

Comparison of two digestion procedures for the determination of lead in lichens by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

The efficiency of two procedures for the digestion of lichen was investigated using a heating block and a microwave oven. In the open vessels, concentrated nitric acid was added to the samples, left for 1 h, and the addition of 30% (v / v) hydrogen peroxide completed the digestion. In the closed system, the complete digestion was performed using concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, reducing the amount of chemicals, time and contamination risk. Both digestion methods gave comparable results, and recoveries were statistically not different. For a lichen sample spiked with 10 μg Pb, the recovery was 111% and 110% using microwave and heating block digestion, respectively, while it was 100% and 103% for a 100 μg Pb spike. For the determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry samples were diluted 20 times with water and a volume of 20 μL was injected into the graphite furnace without chemical modifier. Pyrolysis and atomization temperatures of 700 °C and 1500 °C, respectively, were used. The characteristic mass was 8.4 ± 0.6 pg for aqueous calibration solutions and 8.9 ± 0.8 pg for samples. Calibration was against matrix matched standards. The recovery test showed some contamination problem with the lowest concentrations in both procedures. The detection limits were 4.4 μg L^− 1 with microwave oven and 5.4 μg L^− 1 with the heating block in the undiluted blank.     

Determination of the enantiomeric purity of amphetamine after derivatization with Sanger’s reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene [DNFB]) by simultaneous dual circular dichroism and ultraviolet spectroscopy

Determination of Se in biological materials was attempted by microwave-induced plasma mass spectrometry (MIP-MS). (1) Serum samples were available after 10 times dilution with 0.5% nitric acid solution containing 0.1% Triton X-100. When oxygen gas was inserted into the plasma gas (nitrogen) in order to improve the combustion, the sensitivity was reduced to 45%. The detection limit of this method was 0.5 ng/mL. (2) Standard reference materials on commercial base were used to evaluate the accuracy of the Se determination by MIP-MS after microwave digestion. In samples like bovine liver and human hair with Se concentrations of more than 0.7 μg/g, the standard curve method after internal standard (IS) correction was acceptable. This procedure was unsuitable for samples with low Se concentrations such as milk powder (certified value of Se 0.11 μg/g), or plant leaf samples. (3) Instead of IS correction, the peak height of the spectrum was used for calculations from the matrix matched calibration curve. The results of all materials were close to the certified values, even at 25 ng/g. The detection limit of the MIP-MS with microwave digestion and IS correction was 0.05 ng/mL in standard solutions. The detection limit of the peak height method was 0.1 ng/mL and was estimated to be < 20 ng/g in plant materials. Received: 25 September 1998 / Revised: 15 February 1999 / Accepted: 18 February 1999     

Microwave sample-digestion procedure for determination of arsenic in moss samples using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Arsenic in moss samples was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) after microwave-assisted sample digestion. Two different sample masses (500 mg and 1000 mg) and three different microwave ovens were used in the digestion. There was a slight difference in the digestion efficiency, as determined by the residual carbon concentrations of 500 mg digested samples, between the microwave ovens. The arsenic results obtained for moss reference samples were, in most cases, satisfactory. However, phosphorus was found to have a reducing influence on the arsenic peak area in the ETAAS determination. According to the results, it was not possible to reduce the phosphorus interference by increasing the amount of Mg(NO(3))(2) in the Pd-Mg chemical modifier. The arsenic results obtained by ETAAS were compared to those obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).     

ICP-MS法测定聚酯纤维中TiO2含量

采用湿法和微波法对聚酯纤维样品进行消解,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪(ICP-MS)对样品中TiO2含量进行了测定,得到湿法消解样品测定值2 857.46μg/g(相对标准偏差为1.08%),微波消解样品测定值2599.21μg/g(相对标准偏差为2.76%).分别测定了两种消解方法的检出限,湿法消解检出限为4.0 ...     

Determination of metal concentrations in lichen samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy technique after applying different digestion procedures

Three digestion procedures have been tested on lichen samples for application in the determination of major, minor and trace elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in lichen samples collected in Aegean Region of Turkey by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The acid mixture of concentrated HNO₃, H₂O₂ and HF were used. The instrument was optimized using lichen matrix considering RF power, nebulizer pressure, auxiliary flow rate and pump rate. The accuracy of the overall analyses was first estimated by analysis of two certified reference materials. Good agreement between measured and reference values were found for almost all elements. As the second way of determining the accuracy, results obtained from independent analytical techniques (ICP-AES and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)) were compared for all elements by analyzing real samples. Correlation coefficients of two techniques for the elements ranged between 0.70 (Mg) and 0.96 (Fe). Among the three digestion systems, namely microwave, open vessel and acid bomb, microwave digestion system gave the best recovery results. The method detection limit (MDL) was computed using reagent blanks of microwave digestion system since it provides cleaner sample preparation. Detection limit is adequate for all elements to determine the elements in lichen samples. The precision was assessed from the replicate analyses of reagent blanks of microwave digestion system and was found to be less than 1.5% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.).     

ICP-MS快速测定蛤蚧中32种元素

采用微波消解-ICP-MS法测定了蛤蚧中32种常量与微量元素。结果表明,该法检出限为0.003～0.069μg.L1,精密度(RSD)介于1.6%～9.5%,实验回收率为93.5%～106.9%;常量元素中Ca、P、K、Na和Mg含量最高,必需微量元素中Fe、Zn、Se、Cr和Cu含量最高。实验结果为研究蛤蚧功效与元素关系提供了数据支持。