Application of associative neural networks for prediction of lipophilicity in ALOGPS 2.1 program

This article provides a systematic study of several important parameters of the Associative Neural Network (ASNN), such as the number of networks in the ensemble, distance measures, neighbor functions, selection of smoothing parameters, and strategies for the user-training feature of the algorithm. The performance of the different methods is assessed with several training/test sets used to predict lipophilicity of chemical compounds. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient and Parzen-window regression methods provide the best performance of the algorithm. If additional user data is available, an improved prediction of lipophilicity of chemicals up to 2-5 times can be calculated when the appropriate smoothing parameters for the neural network are selected. The detected best combinations of parameters and strategies are implemented in the ALOGPS 2.1 program that is publicly available at http://www.vcclab.org/lab/alogps.     

Neural network studies. 4. Introduction to associative neural networks

Associative neural network (ASNN) represents a combination of an ensemble of feed-forward neural networks and the k-nearest neighbor technique. This method uses the correlation between ensemble responses as a measure of distance amid the analyzed cases for the nearest neighbor technique. This provides an improved prediction by the bias correction of the neural network ensemble. An associative neural network has a memory that can coincide with the training set. If new data becomes available, the network further improves its predictive ability and provides a reasonable approximation of the unknown function without a need to retrain the neural network ensemble. This feature of the method dramatically improves its predictive ability over traditional neural networks and k-nearest neighbor techniques, as demonstrated using several artificial data sets and a program to predict lipophilicity of chemical compounds. Another important feature of ASNN is the possibility to interpret neural network results by analysis of correlations between data cases in the space of models. It is shown that analysis of such correlations makes it possible to provide "property-targeted" clustering of data. The possible applications and importance of ASNN in drug design and medicinal and combinatorial chemistry are discussed. The method is available on-line at http://www.vcclab.org/lab/asnn.     

海水中铁(Ⅲ)-二元有机酸盐配合物的光化学反应研究

采用实验室模拟的方法研究了高压汞灯模拟日光照射下铁(Ⅲ)-二元有机酸盐配合物在天然海水中的光化学反应.结果发现,在二元有机酸盐配体的存在下,铁(Ⅲ)发生光化学反应生成还原态的铁(Ⅲ),铁(Ⅲ)会被溶液中的氧再氧化为铁(Ⅲ).铁(Ⅲ)的光还原反应速率受到配体浓度、pH、光强以及温度的影响.在二元有机酸与Fe(Ⅲ)浓度配比大于2的情况下,Fe(Ⅲ)-二元有机酸盐配合物的光还原反应初期铁(Ⅲ)浓度的增长符合一级动力学反应规律,100min后浓度趋于稳定,方程式为[Fe(Ⅲ)]t=kOA[OA]·[Fe(Ⅲ)]ini×[1-exp{-(kOA[OA]+kox)t}]/(kOA[OA]+kox).光强升高和pH降低都能加快光还原反应速率,而改变温度则基本上对光还原反应速率无影响,证明铁(Ⅲ)的光还原反应为自由基引发的电子转移过程.     

基于支持向量学习机方法的抗真菌药物活性预测

为了预测分子的抗真菌活性,计算了表征分子的电子、拓扑、几何结构和分子形状等特征的67个分子描述符,并用于支持向量学习机对分子抗真菌活性分类模型的建立和活性预测.分别用留一法和五重交叉法对模型进行了验证.在五重交叉验证中,根据分子三维结构的相似性,首先把所研究的94个分子分成若干类,再分别从每一类中随机选择若干个分子组成若干个训练集,剩余的分子构成相应的测试集.结果表明,用上述两种验证方法得到的结果相近,且所建立的模型具有较高的预测性,交叉验证的预测正确率达到84.0%.     

A comparative study concerning chromatographic retention and computed partition coefficients of some precursors of peraza crown ethers

Retention indices for some precursors of peraza crown ethers were determined by reversed phase high-performance thin layer chromatography on RP-18 plates with methanol-water in different volume proportions as mobile phase. The Log P values for the same compounds were calculated using different computer programs: SciQSAR, SciLogP, Chem3D Ultra 8.0, XLOGP (based on atom contributions), Chemaxon and KOWWIN (based on atom/fragment contributions), cLogP (based on fragmental contributions), ALOGPS and IAlogP (based on atom-type electrotopological-state indices and neural network modeling). A comparative study concerning lipophilic parameters (R_M0, b and ϕ0) and computed partition coefficients has been developed. Taking into account the correlation coefficients between determined and calculated Log P values, it seems that R_M0 and b are less suitable than ϕ₀ for estimating lipophilicity of the compounds investigated, and cLogP and ALOGPS provide the best correlations with experimental values.     

Neural network studies : Part 3. Prediction of partition coefficients

In a previous paper (N. Bodor, A. Harget and M.-J. Huang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113 (1991) 9480) we demonstrated the utility of a neural network approach in the estimation of the aqueous solubility of organic compounds. This approach has now been extended to the prediction of partition coefficients. A training set of AM1 calculated properties and experimental values for 302 compounds was used and, after training, the neural network was tested for its ability to predict the partition coefficients of 21 compounds not included in the training set. We also tested six more compounds with molecular properties out of the training set property range. A comparison was made with the results obtained from a previous study which had used a regression analysis approach (N. Bodor and M.-J. Huang, J. Pharm. Sci., 81 (1992) 272). The neural network results compared favorably with those given by the regression analysis approach, both for the training set and for the new compounds.     

饱和醇结构-保留定量相关的人工神经网络模型

以拓扑指数为结构描述符，用基于Levenberg-Marquardt优化的BP神经网络建立了醇类化合物的结构与色谱保留值的相关性模型，用于未知醇类化合物在SE－30和OV－3两根色谱柱上保留指数的同时预测，其学习速率优于文献中普通BP神经网络法，预测准确度与普通BP神经网络法接近，但优于多元线性回归法，因而是一种较好的预测有机化合物气相色谱保留指数的方法。