Extension Closedness of Syzygies and Local Gorensteinness of Commutative Rings

We refine a well-known theorem of Auslander and Reiten about the extension closedness of nth syzygies over noether algebras. Applying it, we obtain the converse of a celebrated theorem of Evans and Griffith on Serre’s condition (S _n ) and the local Gorensteiness of a commutative ring in height less than n. This especially extends a recent result of Araya and Iima concerning a Cohen–Macaulay local ring with canonical module to an arbitrary local ring.     

Shellable complexes from multicomplexes

Suppose a group G acts properly on a simplicial complex Γ. Let l be the number of G-invariant vertices, and p ₁,p ₂,…,p _m be the sizes of the G-orbits having size greater than 1. Then Γ must be a subcomplex of \(\varLambda=\varDelta ^{l-1}*\partial \varDelta ^{p_{1}-1} *\cdots*\partial \varDelta ^{p_{m}-1}\). A result of Novik gives necessary conditions on the face numbers of Cohen–Macaulay subcomplexes of Λ. We show that these conditions are also sufficient, and thus provide a complete characterization of the face numbers of these complexes.     

The Ziegler Spectrum and Ringel’s Quilt of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis>-infinity Plane Curve Singularity

We describe the Cohen–Macaulay part of the Ziegler spectrum and calculate Ringel’s quilt of the category of finitely generated Cohen–Macaulay modules over the A-infinity plane curve singularity.     

Weight posets associated with gradings of simple Lie algebras,Weyl groups,and arrangements of hyperplanes

We graph-theoretically characterize triangle-free Gorenstein graphs G. As an application, we classify when \(I(G)^2\) is Cohen–Macaulay.     

Toric ideals and diagonal 2-minors

Let G be a simple graph on the vertex set \({\{1,\ldots,n\}}\) with m edges. An algebraic object attached to G is the ideal P_G generated by diagonal 2-minors of an \({n \times n}\) matrix of variables. We prove that if G is bipartite, then every initial ideal of P_G is generated by squarefree monomials of degree at most \({\lfloor{\frac{m+n+1}{2}}\rfloor}\). Furthermore, we completely characterize all connected graphs G for which P_G is the toric ideal associated to a finite simple graph. Finally we compute in certain cases the universal Gröbner basis of P_G.     

The Rao–Reiter Criterion for the Amenability of Homogeneous Spaces

We prove that a homogeneous space G/H, with G a locally compact group and H a closed subgroup of G, is amenable in the sense of Eymard–Greenleaf if and only if the quasiregular action π_Φ of G on the unit sphere of the Orlicz space L^Φ(G/H) for some N-function Φ ∈ Δ₂ satisfies the Rao–Reiter condition (P_Φ).     

Two classes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">τ</Emphasis>-measurable operators affiliated with a von Neumann algebra

Let M be a von Neumann algebra of operators on a Hilbert space H, τ be a faithful normal semifinite trace on M. We define two (closed in the topology of convergence in measure τ) classes P ₁ and P ₂ of τ-measurable operators and investigate their properties. The class P ₂ contains P ₁. If a τ-measurable operator T is hyponormal, then T lies in P ₁; if an operator T lies in P _k , then UTU* belongs to P _k for all isometries U from M and k = 1, 2; if an operator T from P ₁ admits the bounded inverse T ^?1, then T ^?1 lies in P ₁. We establish some new inequalities for rearrangements of operators from P ₁. If a τ-measurable operator T is hyponormal and T ⁿ is τ-compact for some natural number n, then T is both normal and τ-compact. If M = B(H) and τ = tr, then the class P ₁ coincides with the set of all paranormal operators on H.     

On the stability and regularity of the multiplier ideals of monomial ideals

Let a ? ?[x ₁, . . . , x _d ] be a monomial ideal and J (a) its multiplier ideal which is also a monomial ideal. It is proved that if a is strongly stable or squarefree strongly stable then so is J (a). Denote the maximal degree of minimal generators of a by d(a). When a is strongly stable or squarefree strongly stable, it is shown that the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of J (a) is less than or equal to d(a). As a corollary, one gets a vanishing result on the ideal sheaf]\(\widetilde {\mathcal{J}\left( a \right)}\) on ? ^d–1 associated to J (a) that H ⁱ(? ^d–1;\(\widetilde {\mathcal{J}\left( a \right)}\)(s–i)) = 0, for all i > 0 and s ≥ d(a).     

A characterization of reflexive spaces of operators

We show that for a linear space of operators M ? B(H₁, H₂) the following assertions are equivalent. (i) M is reflexive in the sense of Loginov-Shulman. (ii) There exists an order-preserving map Ψ = (ψ₁, ψ₂) on a bilattice Bil(M) of subspaces determined by M with P ≤ ψ₁(P,Q) and Q ≤ ψ₂(P,Q) for any pair (P,Q) ∈ Bil(M), and such that an operator T ∈ B(H₁, H₂) lies in M if and only if ψ₂(P,Q)Tψ₁(P,Q) = 0 for all (P,Q) ∈ Bil(M). This extends the Erdos-Power type characterization of weakly closed bimodules over a nest algebra to reflexive spaces.     

Paranormal Elements in Normed Algebra

For a normed algebra A and natural numbers k we introduce and investigate the ∥ · ∥ closed classes P _k (A). We show that P₁(A) is a subset of P _k (A) for all k. If T in P₁(A), then Tⁿ lies in P₁(A) for all natural n. If A is unital, U, V ∈ A are such that ∥U∥ = ∥V∥ = 1, VU = I and T lies in P _k (A), then UTV lies in P _k (A) for all natural k. Let A be unital, then 1) if an element T in P₁(A) is right invertible, then any right inverse element T^?1 lies in P₁(A); 2) for ßßIßß = 1 the class P₁(A) consists of normaloid elements; 3) if the spectrum of an element T, T ∈ P₁(A) lies on the unit circle, then ∥TX∥ = ∥X∥ for all X ∈ A. If A = B(H), then the class P₁(A) coincides with the set of all paranormal operators on a Hilbert space H.     

Discriminator positively complete classes of ternary logic

The article addresses the operator of positive closure on the set P _k of functions of k-valued logic. For each k ? 3, k ≠ 4, the set H _k of all homogeneous functions from P _k is proved to form an atom in the lattice of the positively closed classes from P _k . Also, we find all 17 positively closed classes from P ₃ containing the class H ₃ (i.e., discriminator positively closed classes). Positively generating systems of these classes are defined.     

Solvability of finite groups

H is called an ? _p -embedded subgroup of G, if there exists a p-nilpotent subgroup B of G such that H _p ∈ Syl _p (B) and B is ? _p -supplemented in G. In this paper, by considering prime divisor 3, 5, or 7, we use ? _p -embedded property of primary subgroups to investigate the solvability of finite groups. The main result is follows. Let E be a normal subgroup of G, and let P be a Sylow 5-subgroup of E. Suppose that 1 < d ? |P| and d divides |P|. If every subgroup H of P with |H| = d is ?₅-embedded in G, then every composition factor of E satisfies one of the following conditions: (1) I/C is cyclic of order 5, (2) I/C is 5′-group, (3) I/C ? A₅.     

Ideal Spaces of Measurable Operators Affiliated to A Semifinite Von Neumann Algebra

Suppose that M is a von Neumann algebra of operators on a Hilbert space H and τ is a faithful normal semifinite trace on M. Let E, F and G be ideal spaces on (M, τ). We find when a τ-measurable operator X belongs to E in terms of the idempotent P of M. The sets E+F and E·F are also ideal spaces on (M, τ); moreover, E·F = F·E and (E+F)·G = E·G+F·G. The structure of ideal spaces is modular. We establish some new properties of the L₁(M, τ) space of integrable operators affiliated to the algebra M. The results are new even for the *-algebra M = B(H) of all bounded linear operators on H which is endowed with the canonical trace τ = tr.     

Finite groups with given σ-embedded and σ-n-embedded subgroups

Let G be a finite group and σ = {σ _i |i∈I} be a partition of the set of all primes P. A set H of subgroups of G is said to be a complete Hall σ-set of G if every non-identity member of H is a Hall σ _i -subgroup of G and H contains exactly one Hall σ _i -subgroup of G for every σ _i ∈ σ(G). A subgroup H is said to be σ-permutable if G possesses a complete Hall σ-set H such that HA ^x = A ^x H for all A ∈ H and all x ∈ G. Let H be a subgroup of G. Then we say that: (1) H is σ-embedded in G if there exists a σ-permutable subgroup T of G such that HT = H ^σG and H ∩ T ≤ H _σG , where H _σG is the subgroup of H generated by all those subgroups of H which are σ-permutable in G, and H ^σG is the σ-permutable closure of H, that is, the intersection of all σ-permutable subgroups of G containing H. (2) H is σ-n-embedded in G if there exists a normal subgroup T of G such that HT = H ^G and H ∩ T ≤ H _σG . In this paper, we study the properties of the new embedding subgroups and use them to determine the structure of finite groups.     

Approximation of Gaussian Random Fields: General Results and Optimal Wavelet Representation of the Lévy Fractional Motion

We investigate the approximation rate for certain centered Gaussian fields by a general approach. Upper estimates are proved in the context of so–called Hölder operators and lower estimates follow from the eigenvalue behavior of some related self–adjoint integral operator in a suitable L ₂(μ)–space. In particular, we determine the approximation rate for the Lévy fractional Brownian motion X _H with Hurst parameter H∈(0,1), indexed by a self–similar set T?? ^N of Hausdorff dimension D. This rate turns out to be of order n ^?H/D (log?n)^1/2. In the case T=[0,1] ^N we present a concrete wavelet representation of X _H leading to an approximation of X _H with the optimal rate n ^?H/N (log?n)^1/2.     

Generalized varieties of sums of powers

Let X ? P^N be an irreducible, non-degenerate variety. The generalized variety of sums of powers V S P_H^X(h) of X is the closure in the Hilbert scheme Hilb_h (X) of the locus parametrizing collections of points {x₁,..., x_h} such that the (h -1)-plane >x₁,..., x_h> passes through a fixed general point p ∈ P^N. When X = V_dⁿ is a Veronese variety we recover the classical variety of sums of powers V S P(F, h) parametrizing additive decompositions of a homogeneous polynomial as powers of linear forms. In this paper we study the birational behavior of V S P_H^X(h). In particular, we show how some birational properties, such as rationality, unirationalityand rational connectedness, of V S P_H^X(h) are inherited from the birational geometry of variety X itself.     

Cofiniteness and finiteness of local cohomology modules over regular local rings

Let (R,m) be a commutative Noetherian regular local ring of dimension d and I be a proper ideal of R such that mAss _R (R/I) = Assh _R (_I). It is shown that the R- module H^ht(I) _I (R) is I-cofinite if and only if cd(I,R) = ht(I). Also we present a sufficient condition under which this condition the R-module H ⁱ _I (R) is finitely generated if and only if it vanishes.     

On the pronormality of subgroups of odd index in finite simple symplectic groups

A subgroup H of a group G is pronormal if the subgroups H and H ^g are conjugate in 〈H,H ^g 〉 for every g ∈ G. It was conjectured in [1] that a subgroup of a finite simple group having odd index is always pronormal. Recently the authors [2] verified this conjecture for all finite simple groups other than PSL _n (q), PSU _n (q), E ₆(q), ² E ₆(q), where in all cases q is odd and n is not a power of 2, and P Sp_2n (q), where q ≡ ±3 (mod 8). However in [3] the authors proved that when q ≡ ±3 (mod 8) and n ≡ 0 (mod 3), the simple symplectic group P Sp²ⁿ (q) has a nonpronormal subgroup of odd index, thereby refuted the conjecture on pronormality of subgroups of odd index in finite simple groups.The natural extension of this conjecture is the problem of classifying finite nonabelian simple groups in which every subgroup of odd index is pronormal. In this paper we continue to study this problem for the simple symplectic groups P Sp_2n (q) with q ≡ ±3 (mod 8) (if the last condition is not satisfied, then subgroups of odd index are pronormal). We prove that whenever n is not of the form 2 ^m or 2 ^m (2^2k +1), this group has a nonpronormal subgroup of odd index. If n = 2 ^m , then we show that all subgroups of P Sp_2n (q) of odd index are pronormal. The question of pronormality of subgroups of odd index in P Sp_2n (q) is still open when n = 2 ^m (2^2k + 1) and q ≡ ±3 (mod 8).     

Differences of idempotents in <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>*-algebras

Suppose that P and Q are idempotents on a Hilbert space H, while Q = Q* and I is the identity operator in H. If U = P ? Q is an isometry then U = U* is unitary and Q = I ? P. We establish a double inequality for the infimum and the supremum of P and Q in H and P ? Q. Applications of this inequality are obtained to the characterization of a trace and ideal F-pseudonorms on a W*-algebra. Let φ be a trace on the unital C*-algebra A and let tripotents P and Q belong to A. If P ? Q belongs to the domain of definition of φ then φ(P ? Q) is a real number. The commutativity of some operators is established.     

Cleft extensions of Koszul twisted Calabi–Yau algebras

Let H be a twisted Calabi–Yau (CY) Hopf algebra and σ a 2-cocycle on H. Let A be an N-Koszul twisted CY algebra such that A is a graded H^σ- module algebra. We show that the cleft extension A#_σH is also a twisted CY algebra. This result has two consequences. Firstly, the smash product of an N-Koszul twisted CY algebra with a twisted CY Hopf algebra is still a twisted CY algebra. Secondly, the cleft objects of a twisted CY Hopf algebra are all twisted CY algebras. As an application of this property, we determine which cleft objects of U(D, λ), a class of pointed Hopf algebras introduced by Andruskiewitsch and Schneider, are Calabi–Yau algebras.