阻抑动力学分光光度法测定痕量碘

研究了在稀H3PO4介质中,痕量碘离子对NO-2催化溴酸钾氧化吖啶橙的阻抑作用,建立了测定痕量碘离子的阻抑动力学光度分析的新方法。测定碘离子的线性范围为0～0.40μg/mL,检出限为7.3×10-9g/mL。已用于食品中的微量碘的测定。     

阻抑动力学光度法测定乳品中的痕量碘

研究了在稀H2SO4介质中,痕量I-对KBrO3氧化酸性品红的阻抑作用及其动力学条件,建立了测定痕量I-的阻抑动力学光度分析的新方法.测定I-的线性范围为0～0.04 μg/mL,检出限为1.1×10-9 g/mL.已用于乳品中痕量碘的测定.     

阻抑动力学分光光度法测定微量碘

基于在稀磷酸介质中,痕量碘离子对亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化甲基红的的阻抑作用,提出了测定痕量碘离子的阻抑动力学分光光度分析的方法.测定碘离子的线性范围在0.66 mg·L-1以内,检出限(3Sb/K)为7.5×10-6g·L-1.用于海带及食盐中微量碘的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%～2.2%之间,测得方法的回收率为99.7%～100.1%.     

阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量尿素

研究了在酸性介质中,痕量尿素对NO2-催化KBrO3氧化维多利亚绿G的阻抑作用,通过测量617 nm处吸光度的变化,建立了测定痕量尿素的阻抑动力学光度分析的新方法。在最佳实验条件下,测定尿素的线性范围为0.0~0.14mg/L,检出限为5.0×10-6g/L。对2.0μg/25 mL进行10次平行测定的相对标准偏差为2.8%。并试验了共存离子对催化反应的影响,常见的离子均不干扰测定。方法可用于废水中痕量尿素的测定。     

阻抑动力学分光光度及荧光光度法测定微量碘

在稀磷酸介质中,微量碘离子对亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化吡罗红B褪色及荧光猝灭的反应有显著阻抑作用,以此为指示反应提出了测定微量碘离子的阻抑动力学光度和阻抑动力学荧光分析新方法。测定碘离子的线性范围分别为4-200μg/L和3-40μg/L,检出限分别为2.8μg/L和1.6μg/L。用于食品中微量碘的测定,结果满意。     

催化动力学光度法间接测定水中痕量硫离子

在氨水介质中,硫离子可阻抑Fe(Ⅲ)催化过氧化氢氧化二甲酚橙褪色,并且催化体系和阻抑体系在570 nm处吸光度的差值与硫离子浓度呈线性关系,据此建立了阻抑动力学光度法间接测定痕量硫离子的新方法。方法的线性范围为0.0020~0.044mg/L,检出限为1.6×10-9g/mL,对0.040 mg/L硫离子进行10次平行测定的相对标准偏差为2.1%。方法用于废水中硫离子的测定,结果满意。     

阻抑乙基橙褪色动力学光度法测定痕量铁(Ⅲ)

在H2SO4介质中,痕量铁(Ⅲ)对KBrO3氧化乙基橙褪色反应有很强的阻抑作用,利用光度法检测阻抑反应过程中乙基橙浓度的变化,建立了铁(Ⅲ)-溴酸钾-乙基橙体系阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量铁(Ⅲ)的方法。在选定条件下,方法的线性范围为0.006～0.32μg/mL,检出限(3s/k)为0.0031μg/mL。     

阻抑动力学光度法测定食品中的痕量铜

研究了铜阻抑高碘酸钾氧化玫瑰桃红R的褪色反应 ,建立了阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量铜的新方法 ,找到了最佳试验条件。该法线性范围为 0～ 0 0 0 8μg/mL ,检出限为 0 3 9× 1 0 - 3μg/mL ,应用于食品中铜的测定 ,结果满意     

阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量铌(Ⅴ)

研究发现,在硫酸介质中,痕量铌(Ⅴ)能灵敏地阻抑溴酸钾氧化二甲基黄褪色。研究了该阻抑褪色反应的最佳条件及动力学参数,建立了一种测定痕量铌(Ⅴ)的新方法。该法测定线性范围为0~30 ng/10mL,检出限为4.21×10-11 g/ mL。方法用于矿石中铌的测定,结果满意。     

阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量铜

在pH 4.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中, 痕量铜对KBrO3氧化亮绿SF的褪色反应有明显的阻抑作用, 据此建立了测定痕量铜的新方法. 方法的线性范围为0.004～0.048 μg/mL, 检出限为8.63×10-4 μg/mL, 已用于人发中铜的测定.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。