汕头地区食管癌病因学研究：微量元素对食管癌发病率的影响

本文通过对汕头地区食管癌高低发区饮用水中微量元素的测定，提出本地区食管癌高发现象是基于与国内其它高发区不同的病因，微量元素在其中起了重要作用。     

食管癌组织中铜含量及其临床意义

应用日立１８０－３０型原子吸收火焰分光光度计，对３６例食管癌组织中的微量元素Ｃｕ进行了测定，并与３０例食管癌患者的癌旁正常食管组织进行了对照比较。结果表明，癌组织Ｃｕ含量显著高于癌旁组织Ｃｕ含量。     

锌在食管癌变中的作用

应用日立１８０－３０型原子吸收火焰分光光度计，对３６例食管癌组织中的微量元素锌进行了测定，并与３０例食管癌患者的癌旁正常食管组织和１２例正常人的食管组织进行了对照比较，结果表明：癌组织锌含量明显低于癌旁组织和正常食管组织锌含量，癌旁组织锌含量又显著低于正常食管组织锌含量，有淋巴结转移和恶性程度高的食管癌组织中锌含量明显减少，提示锌缺乏时可以诱发食管癌，在食物中补充锌等能预防食管癌的发生。     

第一届全国微量元素与健康学术会议在南京举行

第一届全国微量元素与健康学术会议于84年12月17日至22日在南京举行。全国21个省、市、自治区和部队的142名代表参加了会议。会议共收到论文123篇。其中,鼻咽癌微量元素病因的研究;人发钴含量与心血管疾病相关性的研究;用模式识别法研究微量元素谱;癌症和脑病患者微量元素谱的研究;微量元素与食管癌关     

食管癌患者血清微量元素测定与分析

用高频等离子体发射光谱法对２６例食管癌患者进行血清钼等多种微量元素及镁的测定。并与１３例健康者对照。结果显示，食管癌组钼明显低于对照组，Ｐ〈０．０１；锌亦低于对照组，Ｐ〈０．０５；镁低于对照组，Ｐ〈０．０５。提示钼，锌及镁的缺少与食管癌的发生有一定关系。     

艾滋病与微量元素

从艾滋病的病理特征与微量元素缺乏症的类似性，艾滋病患者的微量元素含量变化，艾洋患者微量元素补充等方面综述了艾滋病与微量元素的联系，讨论了微量元素在防治艾滋病中的可能作用，附３１篇参考文献。     

再生障碍性贫血患者中药治疗前后微量元素变化初步观察

对20例再生障碍性贫血患者（以下简称再障）头发中12种微量元素的含量进行测定，与正常人做对照，结果发现，阴虚型患者锂、钙、锶、铬显著减少，阴虚型患者锌、镁、钡、钙、锂明显下降，阴阳俱虚型患者则12种元素均减少，并对本院治疗再障贫血的24味中药的微量元素的含量也进行测定。结合微量元素变化对指导再障的辩证组方和辩证施治提供新的思路，同时系统观察再障贫血10例治疗前后微量元素的变化情况，从微量元素角度探求再障的发症因素，认为与部分微量元素缺乏有关，补充相关的微量元素，再障患者可恢复健康。     

帕金森氏病与头发中微量元素关系的研究

以人发为材料，探讨了帕金森氏病与微量元素的关系。采集了６０例患者头发和５０例健康人头发，用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱仪进行测定，结果发现，患者组头发铜、锌、铁、锰明显低于对照组，患者组轻、中、重分型病人的头发微量元素变化有一定的规律，上述结果提示微量元素与帕金森氏病有重要关系。     

病毒性肝炎、肝硬化与微量元素

（1）病毒性肝炎与微量元素锌、硒、铜有关：张冠群等测定了128例乙肝患者血清微量元素含量。结果显示，慢性乙肝患者血清锌、铜、铁含量低于常人，急性肝炎患者血清锌铜铁与常人无差异。任仲轩测定了47例老年慢性病毒性肝炎患者与45例非老年患者血清微量元素含量。结果显示，两组锌、铜、硒含量皆低于健康对照。王晋升等测定了122例急慢性肝炎患者血清微量元素含量。     

大肠癌与微量元素研究

对48例大肠癌患者手术前后血清和正常大肠组织与癌组织中微量元素测定、比较，发现大脑癌患者手术前后血清微量元素变化，除Cr、Mn有显著差异外均无显著差异，而癌瘤组织与正常大脑组织中Ca、Cd、Mn、Zn、Cu/Zn有明显差异，探讨了大肠癌发生的机理。大肠癌病因是复杂的，但与微量元素改变有一定关系，并指出，组织测定观察微量元素变化比血清测定观察更敏感。     

新生儿脐血清微量元素测定及与生长发育关系研究

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定也３３名新生儿脐血清中１７种微量元素（铁、铜、锰、锌、钴、钼、硒、铬、锡、钒、硅、镍、镉、铅、锶、钛、铝）及３种常量元素（钙、磷、镁）的含量。结果表明,新生儿脐血清微量元素性别分布接近,仅女婴血清铬、钒高于男婴,但地区差异明显,城镇新生儿脐血清中锰、锌、锶、钛、钙较高,而钼、硒、铬、铝较低。多元回归分析显示,血清元素铁、锰、锌、硒、硅、锶、钙被引人新生儿体重和发育     

A proteome signature for intrauterine growth restriction derived from multifactorial analysis of mass spectrometry-based cord blood serum profiling

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as a condition in which the fetus does not reach its genetically given growth potential, resulting in low birth weight. IUGR is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, thus contributing substantially to medically indicated preterm birth in order to prevent fetal death. We subjected umbilical cord blood serum samples either belonging to the IUGR group (n = 15) or to the control group (n = 15) to fractionation by affinity chromatography using a bead system with hydrophobic interaction capabilities. So prepared protein mixtures were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric profiling. The six best differentiating ion signals at m/z 8205, m/z 8766, m/z 13 945, m/z 15 129, m/z 15 308, and m/z 16 001 were collectively assigned as IUGR proteome signature. Separation confidence of our IUGR proteome signature reached a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.93. Assignment of ion signals in the mass spectra to specific proteins was substantiated by SDS-PAGE in conjunction with peptide mass fingerprint analysis of cord blood serum proteins. One constituent of this proteome signature, apolipoprotein C-III(0) , a derivative lacking glycosylation, has been found more abundant in the IUGR cord blood serum samples, irrespective of gestational age. Hence, we suggest apolipoprotein C-III(0) as potential key-marker of the here proposed IUGR proteome signature, as it is a very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) member and as such involved in triglyceride metabolism that itself is discussed as being of importance in IUGR pathogenesis. Our results indicate that subtle alterations in protein glycosylation need to be considered for improving our understanding of the pathomechanisms in IUGR.     

Integrated analysis of halogenated organic pollutants in sub-millilitre volumes of venous and umbilical cord blood sera

A rapid, robust and economical method for the analysis of persistent halogenated organic compounds in small volumes of human serum and umbilical cord blood is described. The pollutants studied cover a broad range of molecules of contemporary epidemiological and legislative concern, including polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polychlorobenzenes (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs, polychlorostyrenes (PCSs) and polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Extraction and clean-up with n-hexane and concentrated sulphuric acid was followed with analysis by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture (GC-ECD) and GC coupled to negative ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (GC-NICI-MS). The advantages of this method rest in the broad range of analytes and its simplicity and robustness, while the use of concentrated sulphuric acid extraction/clean-up destroys viruses that may be present in the samples. Small volumes of reference serum between 50 and 1000 μL were extracted and the limits of detection/quantification and repeatability were determined. Recoveries of spiked compounds for the extraction of small volumes (≥300 μL) of the spiked reference serum were between 90% and 120%. The coefficients of variation of repeatability ranged from 0.1–14%, depending on the compound. Samples of 4-year-old serum and umbilical cord blood (n = 73 and 40, respectively) from a population inhabiting a village near a chloro-alkali plant were screened for the above-mentioned halogenated pollutants using this method and the results are briefly described.     

基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术的妊娠期糖尿病患者脐带血代谢组学网络分析

妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患病率呈现逐年上升的趋势，探究其对母婴之间代谢影响变得尤为重要。该研究基于液相色谱-质谱的代谢组学技术，分析GDM条件下脐带血血清代谢组的变化。采用正交偏最小二乘判别分析模型（OPLS-DA）与网络模型结合进行分析。结果表明代谢标志物花生四烯酸（AA）为关键代谢网络节点。通路分析显示，GDM会引起不饱和脂肪酸代谢异常，而该通路变化可能是GDM影响母婴代谢的重要分子机制。该文建立的代谢组学网络分析方法为研究GDM母婴间代谢变化提供了新的思路。     

Lectin affinity electrophoresis of alpha-fetoprotein in cancer diagnosis

Lectin affinity electrophoresis of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was carried out on samples obtained from patients with benign and malignant diseases and on cord blood, and separated AFP bands were detected by antibody-affinity blotting. The following major bands were identified by determination of kinetic constants: AFP-C1 and -C2 with concanavalin A, AFP-L1, -L2 and -L3 with Lens culinaris agglutinin A, AFP-P1, -P2, -P3, -P4 and -P5 with erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin, and AFP-A1, -A2 and -A3 with Allomyrina dichotoma lectin. AFP bands with the lowest number had either low or no affinity and those with higher numbers had higher affinities for respective lectins. AFP from cord blood and chronic liver disease was characterized by the predominance of AFP-C2, AFP-L1, AFP-P2 and AFP-A3. Hepatocellular carcinoma was differentiated from the benign liver disease by increased proportions of AFP-L3 and AFP-P4. Extrahepatic tumors had additional increases of AFP-C1, AFP-L2, AFP-P5 and AFP-A1 (or slow-migrating AFP-Als, particularly in yolk sac tumor).     

UHPLC‐MS/MS quantification of buprenorphine,norbuprenorphine, methadone,and glucuronide conjugates in umbilical cord plasma

Opioid use during pregnancy can result in the newborn being physically dependent on the substance, thus experiencing drug withdrawal, termed neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Buprenorphine and methadone are two drugs used to treat opioid withdrawal and are approved for use in pregnancy. Quantification of these compounds in umbilical cord plasma would help assess in utero exposure of neonates in cases of buprenorphine or methadone use during pregnancy. An LC‐MS/MS method using solid‐phase extraction sample preparation was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of methadone, buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, and glucuronide metabolites in umbilical cord plasma. The average accuracy (percentage error) and precision (relative standard deviation) were <15% for each validated concentration. Our data establishes a 2 week maximum freezer storage window in order to achieve the most accurate cord plasma concentrations of these analytes. Additionally, we found that the umbilical cord tissue analysis was less sensitive compared with analysis with umbilical cord blood plasma, indicating that this may be a more appropriate matrix for determination of buprenorphine and metabolite concentrations. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of cord blood from women with known buprenorphine or methadone use during pregnancy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of Trace Copper in Cord Blood Serum from New Born Infants by Flameless AAS with Aerosol Deposition Technique

Abstract

This paper discusses the appropriate conditions for determining trace cooper by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry with the aerosol deposition technique. Seventeen samples of cord blood serum from the new born infants in the Hefei district of China were analyzed by this method. The range of trace copper in the samples is between 0.40-0.77 ppm, mean value 0.55 ppm. The recovery is over 90%. The relative standard deviation is 2.8%, determined by measurement of six times on a certain serum sample.     

早产儿窒息与脐动脉血气分析

早产儿窒息是导致早产儿死亡的重要因素之一。分析了２５０名早产儿和１００名成熟新生儿脐动脉血气，结果发现早产儿和成熟新生儿脐动脉血气值无显著差异，剖宫产的早产儿和阴道分娩的早产儿脐动脉血气值有显著差异。脐动脉血气分析较Ａｐｇａｒ评分对判断早产儿窒息更有价值。     

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry determination of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in newborn serum samples

Byproducts of arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oxidation are highly relevant for the study of free radical associated conditions in the perinatal period. Plasma metabolites can provide the clinician with a snapshot of the oxidant status of patients before and after specific clinical interventions (e.g.: supplementation with oxygen). We describe a new andreliable ultra-performance liquid mass spectrometry method to determine F2-isoprostanes and other byproducts (isoprostanes, isofurans, neuroprostanes, neurofurans) in newborn serum samples. Cord blood samples were obtained from severely depressed newborn infants (Apgar score 1 min < 3; arterial cord pH < 7.00), and aliquoted for serum determination and stored at −80 °C. A UHPLC-MS/MS method was employed. It has a series of technical advantages: simple sample treatment; reduced sample volume (100 μL) which is essential for preterm neonates with low circulating blood volume, high throughput of sample analysis (96 samples in less than 24 h) and high selectivity for different isoprostanes isomers. Excellent sensitivity was achieved within limits of detection between 0.06 and 4.2 nmol L⁻¹, which renders this method suitable to monitoranalyte concentration in newborn samples. The method's precision was satisfactory; with coefficients of variation around 5–12% (intra-day) and 7–17% (inter-day). The reliability of the described method was assessed by analysis of spiked serum samples obtaining recoveries between 70% and 120%. The proposed method has rendered suitable for serum determination for newborn babies at risk of oxygen free radical associated conditions.     

胎儿脐带血铅水平与钙、锌、铁的关系研究

目的研究胎儿脐带血中的铅与钙、锌、铁的含量以及两两之间的相关性。方法采用原子吸收光谱法对398例脐带血铅和钙、锌、铁的含量进行测定,并对它们进行相关性分析。结果 398例脐带血铅和钙、锌、铁的质量浓度分别为铅(37.96±17.78)μg/L、钙(1.51±0.29)mmol/L、锌(30.01±11.14)μmol/L、铁(8.63±1.39)mmol/L。线性回归分析显示:铅与钙(r=-0.563,P0.01)、铅与锌(r=-0.424,P0.01)有相关性,铅与铁无显著相关(r=0.018,P0.05)。结论随着胎儿体内血铅水平的上升,二价元素钙、锌含量有下降趋势,即中毒元素铅会干扰胎儿体内的必需二价元素的代谢。