有色金属冶炼中含砷物料的除砷技术研究现状

综述了砷对冶金、环境以及人类的危害,阐述了冶金工业中含砷物料的除砷技术的发展现状,介绍了各种技术的原理、应用,分析了各种技术的优缺点,展望了除砷技术的发展方向。     

有色金属冶炼中含砷物料的除砷技术研究现状

综述了砷对冶金、环境以及人类的危害,阐述了冶金工业中含砷物料的除砷技术的发展现状,介绍了各种技术的原理、应用,分析了各种技术的优缺点,展望了除砷技术的发展方向。     

含砷钢铁中磷砷的吸光光度法联合测定

本法利用磷钼蓝与砷钼蓝吸光度具有加和性的特点,首先利用高酸度提高五价砷的氧化电位,以亚硫酸钠－硫代硫酸钠（双硫）为As(V)及Fe(Ⅲ）的复合还原剂^[1-3],溴化物为还原As(Ⅴ)的动力催化剂^[4],使As(Ⅴ)还原至As(Ⅲ),彻底消除砷的干扰,可测定磷的吸光度^[6],然后,在一般条件测定磷＋砷的吸光度,差量法求得砷的吸光度,最后分别从磷有砷的工作曲线上查出磷和砷的含量。     

纳米二氧化钛对砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)吸附性能的研究

研究了纳米二氧化钛对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附行为。结果表明：纳米二氧化钛在pHl—10范围内对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附率可达99％。另外还考察了吸附时间、吸附体积、共存元素对吸附率的影响。此研究对合砷废水的处理、痕量砷的分离、分析有较高的应用价值。     

稀土的应用研究--铈在含砷废水处理研究中的应用

研究了稀土元素作为絮凝剂对废水中砷的去除效果。研究发现,稀土元素能沉淀絮凝吸附溶液中的砷,最佳除砷ＰＨ为１０左右,沉淀时间为２ｈ,沉淀效果较好。当Ｃｅ／Ａｓ≥１０、砷初始浓度为１００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,Ａｓ（Ⅲ）的去除率大于９６％,Ａｓ（Ⅴ）为９９％以上,所生成的污泥量从体积和重量上均比常用絮凝剂ＦｅＣｌ３、ＦｅＳＯ４、Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３等要少得多,１００ｍｇ／Ｌ砷经过的二级沉淀处理后,砷的排出浓度低于０     

二氧化氯催化氧化处理含酚废水的研究

以3种模拟的高浓度含酚废水为处理对象，在室温常压下，以二氧化氯为催化剂，在自制催化剂的作用下进行催化氧化分解酚类物质的研究，考察了PH，ClO2废水（体积比），反应时间，反应温度等对CODCr去除率的影响。实验表明该法能有效地降低含酸废水的CODCr，去除率达90％以上，是一种行之有效的含酚废水处理方法。     

含固废水电化学处理的理论基础与试验

电化学技术是处理工业废水，特别是实现工业废水零排放有开发前景的水处理技术。１９９３年俄罗斯专家强图里亚院士来我院访问和工作期间，介绍了他们在电化学方法强化浮选过程和水处理技术方面的研究成果，并作了探索试验。本文介绍具有半导体性质的固体颗粒在电化学处理...     

含砷金矿的磁场强化生物预氧化

生物氧化;浸金工艺;含砷金矿的磁场强化生物预氧化     

水中铬污染治理的研究进展

综述了水中铬污染治理的研究进展,包括物理法、物理化学法、化学法、电化学法和生物处理法,并分别评述了各种处理方法的优缺点,提出了未来含铬废水治理的发展方向。     

混凝沉淀法处理工业含氟废水的工艺研究

以半导体工业中的含氟废水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀法对去除废水中氟离子进行了系统的工艺研究.以Ca(OH)2为沉淀剂,分别用聚合氯化铁(PFC)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)为混凝剂,并加入聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)助凝剂的方法,对药剂投加量、混凝剂种类、体系pH值、沉降时间等因素进行了实验探索.结果显示,PFC比PAC混凝效果好.当Ca(OH)2添加量为理论值的2.5倍,PFC用量为15mg/L,助凝剂PAM用量为4mg/L,体系的pH值在6～7时,其除氟效果最佳,此时废水中残留氟离子浓度可降低至5.5mg/L,远远低于国家规定的排放标准(10mg/L).     

壳聚糖及其衍生物处理工业废水的研究进展

综述了近年来壳聚糖及其衍生物在处理工业废水中的应用.壳聚糖及其衍生物可处理工业废水中的重金属离子,如Cr（Ⅵ）、Cu（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）等;可处理含染料的工业废水,如处理直接紫B、直接绿BE以及甲基橙等染料;还可用于处理印染、造纸和含油废水.壳聚糖及其衍生物具有易分离、可生物降解,无污染等特点,是绿色的水处理剂,且我国壳聚糖资源极为丰富,探索其在工业废水处理中的应用有着重要的价值.     

二硫代安替比林甲烷光度法测定铅冶炼废水中的微量砷

建立了利用二硫代安替比林甲烷光度法测定铅冶炼废水中微量砷的分析方法。在1.8mol·L^-1硫酸介质中,砷与二硫代安替比林甲烷显色剂发生灵敏的显色反应,最大吸收波长为331nm。考察了显色剂用量、显色反应时间、介质、酸度、不同价态砷对测定结果的影响。结果表明:使用4cm的比色皿,As^3+的质量浓度在0.04~0.6mg·L^-1内与其对应的吸光度之间呈线性关系,线性回归方程为y=1.063 x+0.001,相关系数为0.999 3,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.7×10^4L·mol^-1·cm^-1。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率为97.0%~105%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.3%~2.6%,该方法用于测定铅冶炼废水中微量砷的结果满意。     

军用化工企业含氮废水处理工艺研究

采用厌氧——缺氧——SBR微生物生化处理组合工艺,研究了双基（含双基混合酯）球扁药含氮废水处理技术,通过菌种驯化,实现了高盐浓度、高CODCr含量废水经处理后达标排放,CODCr的总去除率达到97．7％,质量浓度降到96mg／L;BOD5总去除率达到了98．O％,质量浓度降到28mg／L;SS的总去除率达到94．4％,质量浓度降到了9mg／L。     

高浓度含酚废水中酚类的转化回收及脱除

以含量30 g/L的苯酚水溶液为模型,提出氯化联合氧化工艺,实现对高浓度含酚废水中苯酚的转化回收及残余酚类的氧化脱除。 首先以pH值作为指示,向溶液中引入足够量的氯离子和氢离子,通过加入氯酸钠与之反应定量产生氯气;在所控制的实验条件下,氯气与溶液中的苯酚选择性反应转化为低溶解度的三氯苯酚沉淀,经气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）面积归一法测得其含量可达97.76%;过滤所得滤液化学需氧量（COD）降低至1125 mg/L,苯酚回收率约98.7%。 采用Fenton氧化技术对该滤液进行氧化降解,结果表明,在优化的实验条件pH=3、Fe2+浓度为1 mmol/L下,H2O2用量为15 mL/L时,残余的氯酚类即可以被有效降解,降解后的水样经调碱性将铁或亚铁离子沉淀后为无色透明的溶液;联合处理后,水样COD减小到52 mg/L,该值满足国家工业污水排放标准。     

量子化学的研究现状、发展趋势与展望*

"本文通过对最近三届量子化学Sanibel国际研讨会和全国量子化学第5届学术讨论会会议内容的对比,评述了当前国际、国内约量子化学研究现状与发展趋势,并粗浅地探讨了我国量子化学的发展战略。     

Sustainable Treatment and Detoxification of1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene-containing Industrial Wastewater

In 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) manufacture, the washing process discharges a large amount of CDNB-rich acidic effluent: a very aggressive and toxic wastewater. The concentration of CDNB reaches up to 332.2mg/L. CDNB has been known as an intracellular glutathione-depleting agent and shown to have an adverse effect on erythrocyte membrane integrity and caused aemolysis of human red blood cell. 1 Its removal from wastewater is necessary for health and environmental reason.Two main techniques have been used for the decontamination of CDNB-containing wastewater:activate-carbon adsorption and biodegradation. Biodegradation method works well in summer.However in winter, the activity of animalcules decreases dramatically with the dropping of temperature. Adsorption of CDNB on fresh active-carbon is quick and efficient. However once saturated, active-carbon loses adsorption capacity sharply. The revival of active-carbon by flash steam blowing or sweeping proves to be sluggish and inefficient. Therefore frequent change and replenish of active-carbon is necessary which results in significant operating cost.In this study, we disclose an easy-operating and sustainable method for the treatment of CDNB-contaminated wastewater, which not only removes the toxic CDNB from wastewater and readily revives the active-carbon, but also produces another useful chemical 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP). Our method is based upon the physical adsorption of CDNB on active-carbon and the chemical conversion of CDNB to SDNP and then to DNP. As a well known nucleophilic substitution example, chlorobenzene with one/two/three NO2, a very strong electron-withdrawing group, at its ortho- and/or para- positions can be readily hydrolysed to give the corresponding phenols under basic condition (Scheme 1).First, the CDNB-contaminated wastewater was treated with active-carbon at room temperature.CDNB was thus adsorbed on to active-carbon physically. The CDNB-loaded active-carbon was filtered off. The acidic filtrate was neutralised by aqueous Ca(OH)2 to give recyclable water or environmental friendly wastewater.Second, the loaded active-carbon was refluxed with aqueous alkaline which converts CDNB into water-soluble sodium 2,4-dinitrophenolate (SDNP). CDNB was therefore desorbed from active-carbon. Filtration of the suspension while hot followed by washing with hot water led to the revival of active-carbon. The revived active-carbon showed similar adsorption capacity to the fresh counterpart and can be recycled to treat the wastewater again and again. Third, acidification of the filtrate containing SDNP to pH = 4 led to nearly quantitative precipitation of DNP as crystals, which can be collected by filtration as another useful dye intermediate.     

Method Development for the Speciation of Chromium in River and Industrial Wastewater Using GFAAS

A simple, sensitive and inexpensive method for the speciation of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in river and industrial wastewater was developed, optimized and validated. Samples were collected, filtered and then chromium species were determined in the filtrate. In the filtrate, total Cr was determined directly by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). A portion of the filtered sample was buffered to pH 6.4, extracted with Amberlite LA-2/MIBK and finally Cr(VI) was determined in the organic extract and Cr(III) in the aqueous phase using GFAAS. The method was evaluated by analysis of the certified reference material, CRM 544, and good accuracy was obtained. The limit of detection for Cr(VI) and Cr(tot)/Cr(III) was found to be 0.30 and 0.08 µg L⁻¹, respectively, and a precision expressed as relative standard deviation of better than 11% was achieved for nine replicates. A number of water samples from the Tinishu Akaki River, Ethiopia, and wastewater samples from a chemical plant in Germany, were analysed. In addition to the GFAAS method, Cr(tot) was also determined using ICP-MS (in CRM 544, lyophilized water, and Tinishu Akaki River water samples) and Cr(tot) and Cr(VI) using UV-VIS spectrophotometry (in CRM 544 and industrial wastewater samples). Good agreement between the different methods was found.     

多酸@金属-有机骨架材料的制备及其在废水处理中的应用

废水中的污染物由于其成分复杂、生物毒性大和难降解等特点,危害人体健康,因此,寻找开发一些能有效去除废水中的剧毒和难降解污染物的吸附剂成为亟待解决的问题.金属-有机骨架材料(MOFs)由于结构有序且多样、拓扑结构丰富、孔隙度超高、比表面积大、骨架结构稳定和易于掺杂其他组分等特点,使其在吸附领域得到了广泛的关注.多金属氧酸...