几种吸附树脂对五氯酚钠吸附性能的研究

研究了几种树脂对五氯酚钠的吸附能力,其中戊二醛交联的壳聚糖树脂不仅有较好的吸附效果,动态吸附容量为187.5mg/g干树脂,而且易洗脱,洗脱率高达90%以上。     

几种树脂对西红花糖苷的吸附性能的研究

本文系统研究了硅胶和几种国产吸附树脂对西红花提取物溶液的吸附与洗脱性能，包括树脂的筛选，洗脱剂的选择，并研究了pH，温度和西红花提取物的浓度对西红花提取在SZ－1吸附树脂上的吸附影响，结果表明，SZ－1吸附树脂对西红花提取物的吸附能力较强，洗脱能力为最好，其吸附性能和洗脱性能均优于常用色谱固定相硅胶，SZ－1吸附树脂的静态吸附容量为1．04g/g，动态吸附容量为0．5－0．6g/g，洗脱率可达98％以上，且吸附速度快，易于洗脱和再生。     

几种吸附树脂对硝基化合物吸附性能的研究

研究NJ－8、AM－1、Amberlite XAD-4、JX－101 4种吸附树脂对对硝基苯乙酮和对硝基苯甲酸的静态吸附行为。结果表明：江苏南大戈德环保科技有限公司研制的NJ－8和AM－1两种吸附树脂对硝基化合物的吸附效果较好。并研究NJ－8型吸附树脂的动态吸附和脱附行为，结果显示：NJ－8型吸附树脂对对硝基苯甲酸的吸附容量为128mg/g干树脂，对对硝基苯乙酮的吸附容量为383mg/g干树脂。用8%NaOH:乙醇（体积比1：1）洗脱吸附酸的树脂，用甲醇或乙醇洗脱吸附酮的树脂，体积为5BV时，温度分别为333K和313K，脱附率均接近100％。     

纳米分子筛的合成及硫化氢吸附性能

利用无模板水热法合成纳米尺寸的小孔SOD型和大孔X型分子筛, 并考察了其硫化氢脱除性能. 通过对比两种分子筛的硫化氢吸附性能, 证实分子筛对硫化氢的吸附主要集中于孔道内和可及的活性位. 考察了晶粒尺寸、 体积空速和吸附温度等因素对硫化氢吸附的影响, 发现纳米尺寸X型分子筛具有更大的硫容, 并且在低温和低空速下分子筛中的硫化氢分子易于脱除. 随后对纳米X型分子筛进行了金属离子交换改性, 发现Cu改性的分子筛硫容优于其它离子改性的吸附剂, 能达到20.6 mg/g. NaX-N和Cu-NaX-N再生后的硫容分别为新鲜分子筛的62.4%和78.5%.     

几种树脂对芦荟苦素的吸附性能

研究硅胶H和三种不同极性的大孔吸附树脂对芦荟苦素的吸附与洗脱性能，用静态实验筛选树脂、动态实验考察芦荟苦素提取液浓度、上样流速和温度对GD-10大孔吸附树脂吸附能力影响。结果表明GD-10吸附树脂对芦荟苦素的吸附能力较强，洗脱能力最好，且易于再生。     

大孔吸附树脂对盐酸阿霉素吸附性能的研究

本文选用ＨＡ－０１、ＨＡ－０２、ＨＡ－０３大孔吸附树脂对盐酸阿霉素进行静态和动态吸附实验。测定了３种大孔吸附剂的比表面积,孔容及平均孔径,讨论了吸附树脂的孔结构参数与吸附特性的关系,以及盐酸阿霉素溶液浓度,树脂用量等条件对大孔吸附树脂吸附性能的影响。     

一种新型非金属保鲜剂的研究和应用

研制出一种新型非金属保鲜剂。对跃变型水果苹果、香蕉等进行了常温下的保鲜实验，保鲜期间分别对感官指标、霉腐程度、维生素Ｃ、总糖、总酸、水份等观察和测定，取得了满意的效果。并探讨了保鲜机理。为开发和应用非金属矿产资源开辟了一条新的途径。     

巯基树脂对重金属离子的吸附性能

研究了自合成的巯基树脂对重金属离子Pb^2 、Cu^2 、Cd^2 ．Ni^2 、Co^2 的吸附容量、吸附动力学、等温吸附过程等静态吸附性能，同时研究了影响吸附的因素和吸附机理．结果表明，该树脂对软酸型重金属离子吸附容量高．pH=5．0-5．7，低温有利于吸附，树脂对各重金属离子等温吸附在实验浓度范围内均符合Langmuir和Freundnch方程．吸附机理研究表明，巯基与重金属离子发生了离子交换和配位反应，化学吸附起支配作用。     

聚丙烯腈活性炭纤维对硫化氢的常温吸附

聚丙烯腈活性炭纤维（PAN-ACF）对硫化氢（H2S）有比其他活性炭材料更强的吸附能力。H2S在PAN-ACF上的吸附是一个兼具物理吸附特征的化学吸附、催化转化过程。其化学吸附位主要位于微孔表面。吸附过程为：H2S分子首先被物理吸附进入微孔空间,而后在微孔表面的化学吸附位上进行包含电子转移的化学吸附、催化氧化,在炭表面产生相对稳定的化学结构。     

无氧下低浓度硫化氢在浸渍活性炭上的吸附研究

为了考察常温、无氧下浸渍Na2CO3改性、原料气相对湿度对活性炭吸附硫化氢的促进作用,用动态吸附法分别测试了不同湿度下原活性炭和浸渍活性炭对低浓度硫化氢的吸附,同时考察了温度对该吸附过程的影响。结果表明,吸附平衡数据均符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。与原活性炭相比,浸渍活性炭的孔容和比表面积略有降低,但对硫化氢的吸附能力却显著提高,说明硫化氢与浸渍剂在活性炭表面上发生了化学反应。相对湿度增加,活性炭和浸渍活性炭对H2S的吸附能力均显著增强。温度升高,平衡吸附量均略有下降。     

Adsorption of hydrogen on reduced copper chromite

Temperature programmed desorption and volumetric methods in static conditions were used to study hydrogen adsorption on the surface of metallic copper particles produced by the partial reduction of copper chromite CuCr₂O₄ with hydrogen. In the temperature range 300-573 K and in the range of medium surface coverages by hydrogen, the main state of adsorbed hydrogen reveals the heat of adsorption q= 78 kJ/mol and activation energy of adsorption E _a = 69 kJ/mol. In the temperature range 77-300 K, an adsorption state with lower heat and activation energy was found, indicating a non-uniformity of the copper surface within ca. 8% of the total number of surface sites. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Experimental study on high-pressure adsorption of hydrogen on activated carbon

A systematic measurement of H2 adsorption on activated carbon over a wide scope of conditions was completed for the first time using a novel cryostat developed by the present authors. The equilibrium temperatures covered 77-298 K with the space of about 20 K, and the equilibrium pressures increased from 0 to about 7MPa. A set of adsorption/desorption isotherms was obtained by a standard volumetric method. This set of experimental data was fitted to all the well-known models of type-I isotherms, and Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) equation was found to be the best-fit one On the basis of D-A model one can predict adsorption with relative error of ±4%. A 3-dimensional adsorption surface was also constructed, and the isosteric heat of adsorption was analytically determined. Except in the low pressure area, the calculated values agreed well with the experimental ones. Finally, the troubles encountered in applying D-A equation to supercritical adsorption is discussed.     

Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of hydrogen adsorption on thin iron layers

Thermodynamic properties of hydrogen adsorption on iron layers evaporated under UHV conditions have been determined from calorimetric and volumetric measurements over the temperature range from 298 K to 363 K. Kinetic properties have been determined with the help of deconvolution of calorimetric curves and compared with the literature data on the sticking coefficient.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels kalorimetrischer und volumetrischer Messungen im Temperaturbereich von 298 bis 363 K wurden die thermodynamischen Eigenschaften der Wasserstoffadsorption an Eisenschichten untersucht. Die kinetischen Eigenschaften wurden mit Hilfe der Dekonvulotion kalorimetrischer Thermogramme ermittelt und mit Literaturangaben zum Haftkoeffizienten verglichen.

     

Adsorption of hydrogen on palladium nanoparticle surfaces

The behaviors of hydrogen (H) adsorbed on the palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) are examined with the modified analytic embedded‐atom method potentials and MORSE potentials. We study the effects of particle size and H coverage, and compare their adsorption properties of nanoparticle's facets with that of flat surfaces. We simulate the Pd truncated octahedron NPs with atoms from 38 to 2406 and the coverage of adsorbed H up to 1.0 monolayer (ML). Site preferences, adsorption geometries, adsorption energies, and bond lengths of H? Pd are calculated. We have also calculated the potential energy surface (PES). It is clear that the H atom binding to particle facets is quite stronger than that of flat surfaces when the particle size is smaller than 3.2 nm. We have found a significant variation that adsorption energies ascend gradually with increasing the particle size or surface coverage of H, and the adsorption energy varies about 0.6 eV for (111) facet and 0.3 eV for (100) facet as the coverage up to 1.0 ML. Our results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values and other calculations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Infrared study of influence of temperature on clay minerals

The effect of temperature on the infrared absorption bands of different clay minerals has been investigated with a view to identify the thermal transformation occurring between 30 and 1000°C.     

The effect of electric current on chemical bonding of hydrogen adsorption on an aluminum nanowire

The effect of electric current on hydrogen adsorption on an aluminum nanowire surface is studied by using nonequilibrium Green's function method. We choose the models studied in the previous work of one of the authors as an aluminum nanowire model and a hydrogen-adsorbed one. These nanowire models have conductive ability, because the aluminum part of these models is metallic. It is confirmed that electric current affects the strength of the adsorption of hydrogen atoms, and the change of the bonding of hydrogen to aluminum nanowire surface is larger for larger current. However, the change of the chemical bonding is negligibly small within the bias voltage ≤0.5 V.     

Electrochemical hydrogen storage and usage aspects: Nickel electrode in acidic electrolyte

The conditions of electrochemical formation of nickel hydride are investigated. The electrochemical properties of different nickel-based materials (bulk, porous, foamed tapes) are examined to state the hydrogen adsorption/absorption phenomena and possibility to use them as a negative electrode in hydrogen devices (electrolyzers, rechargeable batteries, fuel cells). Surface activation of nickel materials are made by electroplating and etching methods. Thin palladium coating is used to prove the formation of nickel hydride during cathodic charging. Volt-amperometric and kinetic measurements show that not only palladium, but also activated nickel plays important role in the surface activation of electrode materials and promotion of hydrogen absorption in nickel substrate materials. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2007, vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 624–629. Based on the paper delivered at the 8th Meeting “Fundamental Problems of Solid-State Ionics, Chernogolovka (Russia), 2006. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

岩石矿物分析

评述了2004年6月～2006年6月期间国内在岩石矿物分析领域的现状及进展概况。内容包括综述与会议、试样的前处理、重量法和容量法、光度法、原子光谱法、电化学分析法、X射线荧光光谱法、色谱、质谱及中子活化分析法、化学物相分析及形态分析、联用技术、质量控制及标准方法等。收集文献352篇。