用于丙烯气相一步氧化制环氧丙烷的Ag-MoO3/分子筛催化剂

用浸渍法制备了一系列以各种分子筛为载体、银及氧化钼为活性组分的负载型催化剂。在以分子氧为氧化剂，且原料气中不添加任何抑制剂的情况下，采用微反-色谱联合装置考察了催化剂对丙烯气相一步氧化制环氧丙烷的催化性能。结果表明，Ag含量、反应温度、载体及助剂对催化剂环氧化性能的影响非常明显。以MCM-41为载体的Ag-MoO3催化剂具有较好的催化性能，在300℃下，环氧丙烷的选择性和氧气的转化率可分别达到55．4％和2．2％；另外，0．1％NaCl改性的20％Ag5％MoO3/NaZSM-5催化剂在350℃下，环氧丙烷的选择性从未改性的9．1％提高到34．7％。     

丙烯气相一步氧化制环氧丙烷用Ag-Mo催化剂的研究

 用浸渍法和溶胶－凝胶法制备了一系列以银及氧化钼为活性组分，负载于不同载体上的催化剂．在以分子氧为氧化剂，且原料气中不添加任何抑制剂的情况下，采用微反－色谱联合装置考察了催化剂对丙烯气相一步氧化制环氧丙烷的催化性能．结果表明，载体和助剂对催化剂上丙烯环氧化性能产生明显的影响．以TiO2－ZrO2为载体，CsNO3－NaCl为助剂的Ag－MoO3催化剂具有较好的催化性能，在400℃下，氧的转化率和环氧丙烷的选择性可分别达到11．3％和34．8％；在450℃下，氧的转化率和环氧丙烷的选择性可分别提高到33．0％和35．3％．采用溶胶－凝胶法制备的MoO3／SiO2催化剂对丙烯气相一步环氧化反应也具有一定的催化活性．     

Pd-Ni/Al2O3催化剂上α-呋喃甲酸加氢反应研究

采用连续流动固定床微型反应器考察了Pd—Ni／Al2O3催化剂上α-呋喃甲酸加氢生成α-四氢呋喃甲酸的反应．研究了反应的温度，压力，气、液体流速，以及氢油比对催化反应性能的影响．结果表明；在2．5MPa，200℃．氢气空速6600h^-1，液体空速3．0h，氢油比为200时，α-呋喃甲酸转化率为94％，α-四氢呋喃甲酸选择性100％，产率94％，催化剂连续运转300h后未见活性下降．应用程序升温还原(TPR)和程序升温脱附(TPD)技术考察了催化剂表面吸附状态与催化加氢活性的关系．结果表明Pd—Ni／Al2O3催化剂表面存在两种活性中心，催化加氢反应主要在较弱的活性中心上进行．该催化剂体系反应活性高，选择性和稳定性好，反应条件温和，操作简单，产物易分离，具有良好的应用前景．     

不同沉淀剂制备的Ag／TS－1催化丙烯直接气相氧化合成环氧丙烷

 在423K、常压固定床石英反应器中，以丙烯直接气相氧化为探针反应，考察了催化剂制备方法、沉淀剂的种类和浓度对制备的Ag／TS－1催化剂催化性能的影响，采用TEM，XRD和UV－Vis等表征手段对Ag／TS－1催化剂进行了分析．结果表明，沉积－沉淀法是最佳的催化剂制备方法，但浸渍法也可制得具有环氧丙烷选择性的催化剂．K2CO3是一种良好的沉淀剂．以K2CO3为沉淀剂，硅钛比为64的TS－1为载体制备的Ag／TS－1催化剂上的丙烯转化率为1．72％，环氧丙烷选择性为98．2％．少量单质银的存在有利于环氧丙烷的生成，除银粒子的分散状态外，银粒子与载体TS－1间的相互作用对提高催化剂的选择性具有决定性作用．     

混合溶剂中TS-1催化丙烯环氧化反应的研究

对甲醇、异丙醇混合溶剂中的TS－1催化丙烯环氧化过程进行了实验研究。通过单因素实验和正交实际，系统考察了溶剂组成（甲醇质量／异丙醇质量），反应温度，H2O2浓度和TS－1催化剂浓度四个因素对反应的影响，得到了反应的最佳工艺条件。在此条件下反应30min,H2O2转化率为94．1％，环氧丙烷选择性为95．3％，环氧丙烷收率为89．7％。     

过氧化氢异丙苯催化氧化丙烯制环氧丙烷

研究了以钼－醇配合物为催化剂,过氧化氢异丙苯为环氧化剂,乙醇为溶剂的丙烯一步氧化制环氧丙烷的反应,结果表明,用不同的二醇和不同醇／钼比制备的钼醇催化剂具有不同的催化性能和配性,用乙二醇和丙二醇制备的催化剂,催化性能优于丁二醇制备的催化剂,考察了反应条件（温度、压力和时间）对环氧化反应活性的影响,在１００℃,０．５ＭＰａ的条件下反应２ｈ,过氧化氢异丙苯的转化率为６５．０％,环氧丙烷的选择性为７０．４     

以一氧化二氮或氧气为氧化剂的丙烯环氧化催化反应

丙烯环氧化制环氧丙烷是催化领域的最关键的挑战之一. 本文对作者等近年来开展的以一氧化二氮为氧化剂的铁催化体系和以氧气为氧化剂的铜催化体系的研究进展进行了综述. 在这两类催化体系中,碱金属离子(特别是K )的修饰作用均是获得较高环氧丙烷选择性的关键. 碱金属离子通过调变催化剂中铁或铜物种的分散度、配位环境和酸碱性等,实现了对反应途径的调控,使反应朝着有利于环氧丙烷生成的方向进行. 活性金属组分(铁或铜)与氧化剂(一氧化二氮或氧气)间的特定的组合对丙烯环氧化反应的发生也起着重要作用. 推测在两类催化体系中,氧化剂均在具有特定结构和价态的铁或铜活性位上活化,产生导致丙烯环氧化反应发生的亲电性活性氧物种.     

TS分子筛的催化氧化性能研究 Ⅱ.丙烯的环氧化

研究了ＴＳ分子筛用于过氧化氢氧化丙烯制环氧丙烷的催化过程，考察了ＴＳ分子筛的组成、预处理条件、分子筛中氧化钛的存在对催化环氧化反应的影响．研究表明，ＴＳ－１的活性优于ＴＳ－２，分子筛中ＴｉＯ２的存在会加快过氧化氢的分解，降低产物环氧丙烷的收率．对操作工艺条件的研究表明，反应液以中性为好，偏酸或偏碱都会使产物水解产生丙二醇，降低产物的选择性．在２８℃、０．４ＭＰａ的条件下反应１ｈ，过氧化氢的转化率和环氧丙烷的选择性可分别达到＞７０％和＞９５％．     

胶体铜催化丙烯腈水合的高选择性及其活性中心结构的研究

研究了胶体铜催化丙烯腈水合制丙烯酰胺的高选择性与活性中心结构的关系. 在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)保护下, 用肼和氢氧化钠混合液还原CuCl2制得胶体铜, 用其催化丙烯腈水合反应, 选择性达到100％, 产生高选择性的原因如下: (1) 胶体铜的活性中心不是胶粒表面的点缺陷, 而是胶体铜颗粒表面的位错端点. (2) 由于胶体铜具有高硬度和高强度的力学特性, 保证了活性中心结构的稳定性; 胶体铜颗粒的平均粒径(45 nm)超过晶粒的特征长度, 进一步保证了活性中心的稳定性.     

在溶胶-凝胶法制备的MoO3/SiO2催化丙烯的环氧化反应

 以sol－gel法制备了MoO3／SiO2催化剂，并用BET比表面积测定，XRD和FT－IR等手段对催化剂进行了表征；研究了以过氧化氢异丙苯为氧化剂的丙烯一步环氧化反应，考察了催化剂的制备条件和反应条件对丙烯环氧化反应的影响．结果表明，在制备过程中，酸性水解剂对MoO3／SiO2催化剂的分散度、比表面积和催化性能有较大的影响．用HCl溶液作为水解剂制备的催化剂，其性能明显优于用HNO3或HAc作水解剂制备的催化剂．在110℃和0．6MPa的条件下反应2h，过氧化氢异丙苯转化率为89％，环氧丙烷选择性为80％．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.