Elliptic curves retaining their rank in finite extensions and Hilbert's Tenth Problem for rings of algebraic numbers

Using Poonen's version of the ``weak vertical method' we produce new examples of ``large' and ``small' rings of algebraic numbers (including rings of integers) where and/or the ring of integers of a subfield are existentially definable and/or where the ring version of Mazur's conjecture on the topology of rational points does not hold.

     

Hilbert's Tenth Problem and Mazur's Conjecture for large subrings of

We give the first examples of infinite sets of primes such that Hilbert's Tenth Problem over has a negative answer. In fact, we can take to be a density 1 set of primes. We show also that for some such there is a punctured elliptic curve over such that the topological closure of in has infinitely many connected components.

     

Indecomposable and noncrossed product division algebras over function fields of smooth p-adic curves

We construct indecomposable and noncrossed product division algebras over function fields of connected smooth curves X over Zp. This is done by defining an index preserving morphism which splits , where is the completion of K(X) at the special fiber, and using it to lift indecomposable and noncrossed product division algebras over .     

Hilbert's Tenth Problem for fields of rational functions over finite fields

Summary We prove that there is no algorithm to solve arbitrary polynomial equations over a field of rational functions in one letter with constants in a finite field of characteristic other than 2 and hence, Hilbert's Tenth Problem for any such field is undecidable.Oblatum 1-XI-1989Supported in part by NSF Grant DMS 8605198.     

弱化希尔伯特第16问题及其研究现状

V.I.Arnold多次提出如下问题:对于给定的自然数n≥2,所有n次多项式1-形式,沿一切可能的m≥3次闭代数曲线族的阿贝尔积分的孤立零点的最大个数Z(m,n)=?由Poincare-Pontryagin定理可知,当阿贝尔积分不恒为零时,A(n)=Z(n+1,n)给出n次Hamilton系统在n次多项式扰动下从原有周期环域分支出极限环的最大个数,因此Arnold把这个问题称为弱化的希尔伯特第16问题.30多年来,对此问题的研究取得了一定进展,也遇到了很大困难.本文拟对这个问题和相关研究工作做一个粗浅的介绍.     

Undecidable and decidable restrictions of Hilbert's Tenth Problem: images of polynomials vs. images of exponential functions

Classical results of additive number theory lead to the undecidability of the existence of solutions for diophantine equations in given special sets of integers. Those sets which are images of polynomials are covered by a more general result in the second section. In contrast, restricting diophantine equations to images of exponential functions with natural bases leads to decidable problems, as proved in the third section. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Computing the rank of elliptic curves over real quadratic number fields of class number 1

In this paper we describe an algorithm for computing the rank of an elliptic curve defined over a real quadratic field of class number one. This algorithm extends the one originally described by Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer for curves over . Several examples are included.

     

Low-lying zeros in families of elliptic curve L-functions over function fields

We investigate the low-lying zeros in families of L-functions attached to quadratic and cubic twists of elliptic curves defined over ${\mathbb{F}}_q(T)$. In particular, we present precise expressions for the expected values of traces of high powers of the Frobenius class in these families with a focus on the lower order behavior. As an application we obtain results on one-level densities and we verify that these elliptic curve families have orthogonal symmetry type. In the quadratic twist families our results refine previous work of Comeau-Lapointe. Moreover, in this case we find a lower order term in the one-level density reminiscent of the deviation term found by Rudnick in the hyperelliptic ensemble. On the other hand, our investigation is the first to treat these questions in families of cubic twists of elliptic curves and in this case it turns out to be more complicated to isolate lower order terms due to a larger degree of cancellation among lower order contributions.     

3-Adic Cantor function on local fields and its p-adic derivative

The problem of “rate of change” for fractal functions is a very important one in the study of local fields. In 1992, Su Weiyi has given a definition of derivative by virtue of pseudo-differential operators [Su W. Pseudo-differential operators and derivatives on locally compact Vilenkin groups. Sci China [series A] 1992;35(7A):826–36. Su W. Gibbs–Butzer derivatives and the applications. Numer Funct Anal Optimiz 1995;16(5&6):805–24. [2] and [3]]. In Qiu Hua and Su Weiyi [Weierstrass-like functions on local fields and their p-adic derivatives. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2006;28(4):958–65. [8]], we have introduced a kind of Weierstrass-like functions in p-series local fields and discussed their p-adic derivatives. In this paper, the 3-adic Cantor function on 3-series field is constructed, and its 3-adic derivative is evaluated, it has at most order. Moreover, we introduce the definition of the Hausdorff dimension [Falconer KJ. Fractal geometry: mathematical foundations and applications. New York: Wiley; 1990. [1]] of the image of a complex function defined on local fields. Then we conclude that the Hausdorff dimensions of the 3-adic Cantor function and its derivatives and integrals on 3-series field are all equal to 1.There are various applications of Cantor sets in mechanics and physics. For instance, E-infinity theory [El Naschie MS. A guide to the mathematics of E-infinity Cantorian spacetime theory. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2005;25(5):955–64. El Naschie MS. Dimensions and Cantor spectra. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 1994;4(11):2121–32. El Naschie MS. Einstein’s dream and fractal geometry. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2005;24(1):1–5. El Naschie MS. The concepts of E infinity: an elementary introduction to the Cantorian-fractal theory of quantum physics. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2004;22(2):495–511. [9], [10], [11] and [12]] is based on random Cantor set which takes the golden mean dimension as shown by El Naschie.     

Diophantine Undecidability of Function Fields of Characteristic Greater than 2, Finitely Generated over Fields Algebraic over a Finite Field

Let F be a function field of characteristic p > 2, finitely generated over a field C algebraic over a finite field C _p and such that it has an extension of degree p. Then Hilbert's Tenth Problem is not decidable over F.     

On nonlinear equations of p-adic strings for scalar tachyon fields

We consider boundary value problems for open and closed p-adic strings for scalar tachyon fields. Estimates for solutions to these problems and possible ways of constructing these solutions are obtained by reducing the problems to linear parabolic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. We give an application of Gauss-type quadrature formulas to the numerical solution of the boundary value problems, and discuss the possibility of using these methods in multidimensional problems (d = 2). Original Russian Text ? V.S. Vladimirov, 2009, published in Trudy Matematicheskogo Instituta imeni V.A. Steklova, 2009, Vol. 265, pp. 254–272.     

Recursively enumerable sets of polynomials over a finite field

We prove that a relation over is recursively enumerable if and only if it is Diophantine over . We do this by first constructing a model of in , where n is represented by Zⁿ. In a second step, we show that it suffices to eliminate a bounded universal quantifier. Then finally, the hardest part of the proof is to show that we can eliminate this quantifier.     

On ring class eigenspaces of Mordell-Weil groups of elliptic curves over global function fields

If E is a non-isotrivial elliptic curve over a global function field F of odd characteristic we show that certain Mordell-Weil groups of E have 1-dimensional χ-eigenspace (with χ a complex ring class character) provided that the projection onto this eigenspace of a suitable Drinfeld-Heegner point is non-zero. This represents the analogue in the function field setting of a theorem for elliptic curves over Q due to Bertolini and Darmon, and at the same time is a generalization of the main result proved by Brown in his monograph on Heegner modules. As in the number field case, our proof employs Kolyvagin-type arguments, and the cohomological machinery is started up by the control on the Galois structure of the torsion of E provided by classical results of Igusa in positive characteristic.     

Moments of Dirichlet L–functions with prime conductors over function fields

We compute the second moment in the family of quadratic Dirichlet L–functions with prime conductors over ${\mathbb{F}}_q[x]$ when the degree of the discriminant goes to infinity, obtaining one of the lower order terms. We also obtain an asymptotic formula with the leading order term for the mean value of the derivatives of L–functions associated to quadratic twists of a fixed elliptic curve over ${\mathbb{F}}_q(t)$ by monic irreducible polynomials. As a corollary, we prove that there are infinitely many monic irreducible polynomials such that the analytic rank of the corresponding twisted elliptic curves is equal to 1.     

Zeta-functions of curves of genus 3 over finite fields

In this paper, we determine zeta-functions of some curves of genus 3 over finite fields by gluing three elliptic curves based on Xing＇s research, and the examples show that there exists a maximal curve of genus 3 over F49.     

Galois cohomology in degree 3 of function fields of curves over number fields

Let k be a field of characteristic not equal to 2. For n≥1, let denote the nth Galois Cohomology group. The classical Tate's lemma asserts that if k is a number field then given finitely many elements , there exist such that α_i=(a)∪(b_i), where for any λ∈k∗, (λ) denotes the image of k∗ in . In this paper we prove a higher dimensional analogue of the Tate's lemma.     

On the u-invariant of function fields of curves over complete discretely valued fields

Let K be a complete discretely valued field with residue field κ  . If char(K)=0$\mathrm{char}(K)=0$, char(κ)=2$\mathrm{char}(\kappa )=2$ and [κ:κ²]=d$[\kappa :{\kappa }^2]=d$, we prove that there exists an integer N depending on d such that the u-invariant of any function field in one variable over K is bounded by N. The method of proof is via introducing the notion of uniform boundedness for the p-torsion of the Brauer group of a field and relating the uniform boundedness of the 2-torsion of the Brauer group to the finiteness of the u-invariant. We prove that the 2-torsion of the Brauer group of function fields in one variable over K is uniformly bounded.