太阳能两级喷射式制冷系统性能的模拟及其分析

讨论了一种新型的太阳能制冷系统——带回热器的太阳能两级喷射式制冷系统。该系统最大的特点是将两个喷射器串联在一起,以提高整个太阳能制冷系统的性能系数。分别采用R134a、R152a、R245ca和R227ea为制冷工质下系统性能系数COP随两级间总压比分配度不同的变化关系。这四种制冷剂的两级压缩比的变化对总喷射系数的影响各有不同,并提出了气体喷射器的总压缩比1.2—2.8之间两级压缩比的不均匀分配原则。     

适用于复合制冷系统辐射制冷器的研究

针对复合制冷系统的特点,提出了两种可行的辐冷器结构,详细叙述了这两种辐冷器的具体结构方案,分别对 其进行了热设计计算。通过对计算结果的分析比较并结合其结构特点,确定了最终复合制冷系统辐冷器结构。     

两级复叠蒸气压缩制冷系统研究进展

复叠制冷系统耦合两套制冷系统运行,解决大温差工况下单级蒸气压缩制冷系统能效比低、压缩机排气温度高等问题,在制冷系统和热泵系统中应用广泛.与多级压缩制冷系统相比,复叠制冷系统可灵活选用高、低温级制冷剂,提升系统运行效率.两套制冷系统的耦合,使得影响复叠系统性能因素增多,保持系统高效运行的控制方案更加复杂.概述了两级复叠蒸...     

太阳能喷射制冷系统性能模拟及其应用

建立了太阳能喷射制冷系统性能模型,选取我国具有代表性的七个城市研究了太阳能喷射制冷系统的动态性能及其在我国应用的可行性和可靠性。结果表明在我国太阳能资源较丰富和太阳能资源一般地区使用太阳能喷射制冷系统,其平均总效率在0.38-0.5之间,太阳能保证率在0.2-0.55之间,采用这样的系统提供空调可减小空调能耗1/3左右。因此太阳能喷射制冷系统在我国应用其热力性能是可靠的,经济上是可行的。可见太阳能制冷系统在我国具有广阔的应用前景,是值得大力推广的节能与环保技术。     

一种低能耗高稳定性的制冷控制策略

针对制冷系统智能稳定控制的需求,提出了一种基于输入关系式建模分析和稳态预测的控制策略。该策略通过对基于静态模型的系统控制优化点搜索方式,寻找系统控制过程中最佳的控制点。并对制冷系统的工作机制进行建模,给出了主要的参数关系式和参数估计方法,在此基础上,建立了制冷系统的稳态预测方法。经过实验仿真测试表明,所设计的制冷系统智能控制策略具有高稳定性和低能耗的特点。     

热虹吸自喷射封闭式制冷系统的进展及研究

文中首先分析了常规太阳能喷射式制冷系统优缺点;其次,提出了一种新型TSSIER系统.考虑到实际中热源的变化,选择两种研究方案.方案一,系统的热源选择和位置较灵活,可有效地利用低品味余热;方案二,可以直接进行光热转换,少了一套纯采热系统等.最后阐述了对两种方案的研究方向和思路.     

SAPO-34分子筛的动态吸附特性实验研究

对于吸附式制冷系统而言,吸附材料的选择是系统的核心问题。对两种不同厂家的SAPO-34沸石分子筛进行了吸附特性测试。其共同特性是,温度一定时,SAPO-34分子筛的吸附量随相对湿度的增加而增大。相对湿度在40%~60%时,吸附量变化不大;而相对湿度在70%~80%时,吸附量增加较快。另一方面,由于两种SAPO-34样品的微观结构有一定差异,导致其吸附量和吸附速率也不一样。粒径较小、孔隙率较大的样品A,其吸附量比样品B大1~2倍,达到吸附饱和的时间也缩短近100分钟。此特性有利于改善吸附制冷系统的整体性能。     

不同类型的添加剂对制冷效能的影响分析

为了提高溴化锂吸收式制冷系统的制冷效率,通常在制冷剂中添加表面活性剂,以提高制冷系统中溶液蒸发、吸收和冷凝过程中热量传递效率.通过研究溴化锂吸收式制冷系统的工作原理和工作过程,得到了活性剂对制冷性能影响关系式.在此基础上,对戊基甲醇、正六醇和1-羟基己烷这三种添加剂的制冷性能进行对比测试,实验表明添加浓度为150ppm...     

回热型吸附式制冷系统的实际循环与循环周期分析

1前言在吸附式制冷系统中，许多因素影响着系统的实际运行，包括运行工况、实际循环与理想循环的偏离程度、循环周期以及工质对的匹配等。要进行系统的设计，并最大限度地利用所设计的机组，就必须首先考虑这些因素。本文以连续回热型吸附式制冷系统为例，分析了系统运行的循环周期，以及实际循环偏高理想循环这两个主要因素，得出了相应的结论。2连续回热型吸附式制冷系统的实际循环和理想循环基本的回热型吸附式制冷循环包括两个吸附器，它的流程图见图1。在这个系统中，阀A、B、C、D交替开启关闭，吸附器1和吸附器2分别加热和冷却，使…     

基于双级压缩的制冷系统热回收

受限于冷凝温度,目前制冷系统热回收制取的热水温度通常在60℃以下。提出了基于双级压缩制取95℃左右高温热水的热回收方案,在热回收系统(即高压级)冷凝压力不超过30bar、排气温度为100℃时,该热回收系统的性能系数理论值为11.3(R717)、11.4(R22)。该热回收方案只需在原有制冷系统的压缩机排气至冷凝器、冷凝器至储液器这两处的管路上开口联接即可,非常适合同时有冷、热需求场合的现有制冷系统的热回收改造,也可作为新设计的热回收制冷系统的参考方案。     

太阳能空调品质及评价方法

太阳能空调的服务对象是建筑,其最终目标是要为建筑营造舒适的室内热环境。因此,合理评价太阳能空调品质对保证空调效果,优化系统设计具有重要的意义。基于太阳能空调冷量输运过程参数,提出输冷过程热稳定性、冷冻水能质系数以及输冷过程匹配性三项指标,用来评价太阳能空调品质。根据实验数据对太阳能空调品质进行了评价与分析,并对系统的应用方式进行了探讨。     

用于住宅建筑的太阳能吸收式空调性能分析

夏季太阳能辐射强度与空调负荷有很好的一致性,这使得太阳能辅助空调具有独特的优点。根据郑州地区夏季太阳辐射和空调负荷特点,针对某一太阳能辅助吸收式空调系统进行了理论分析,该系统供冷对象为200m2别墅,采用60m2平板式太阳能集热器和一个带有辅助加热装置的集热水箱作为热源。在发生器温度为70—100℃,蒸发温度5—15℃的范围内计算了系统性能系数和太阳能利用率。计算结果表明,在5—9月份,太阳能可以提供建筑冷负荷的76—122%。     

Energy Analysis of Precooling Air Compressor System

Energy saving is one of the main technique routes for net zero carbon emissions. Air compressor systems take up a large part of energy consumption in the industrial field. A pre-cooling air compressor system was proposed for energy saving by cooling the air before it flows in a compressor. The energy efficiency of the proposed system was analyzed. As additional energy consumption is required for air cooling, the feasibility of the pre-cooling method for energy saving was analyzed. As the efficiency of the pre-cooling air compressor system is mainly influenced by the environment temperature and humidity, applicability of the system in different regions and at different seasons was discussed. A pilot project was performed to verify the technical feasibility and economics of the proposed system. When the precooling temperature of the pilot system was set to 2 °C, the annual pneumatic-electrical ratio of the system can be increased by approximately 2% in several regions of China. This paper shows the pre-cooling air compressor system is feasible for energy saving.     

稳态强磁场实验装置水冷系统制冷节能设计

为了缓解稳态强磁场实验装置20MW级水冷系统制冷能耗高的问题,提出了采用闭式冷却塔联合离心式冷水机组,在秋冬季节制冷使用的方案.本文详细介绍了闭式冷却塔参与制冷的运行模式、选型依据及控制逻辑.结合合肥气象数据,给出了该设备理论可使用天数,并以离心式冷水机组为参照,提出了该闭式冷却塔的节能效益模型.此外,结合系统特征,详细分析了闭式冷却塔盘管防冻策略.本文的相关结论可为夏热冬冷地区的类似水冷系统设计提供参考.     

Performance and Exergy Analyses of a Solar Assisted Heat Pump with Seasonal Heat Storage and Grey Water Heat Recovery Unit

The main research objective of this paper was to compare exergy performance of three different heat pump (HP)-based systems and one natural gas (NG)-based system for the production of heating and cooling energy in a single-house dwelling. The study considered systems based on: 1. A NG and auxiliary cooling unit; 2. Solely HP, 3. HP with additional seasonal heat storage (SHS) and a solar thermal collector (STC); 4. HP with SHS, a STC and a grey water (GW) recovery unit. The assessment of exergy efficiencies for each case was based on the transient systems simulation program TRNSYS, which was used for the simulation of energy use for space heating and cooling of the building, sanitary hot water production, and the thermal response of the seasonal heat storage and solar thermal system. The results show that an enormous waste of exergy is observed by the system based on an NG boiler (with annual overall exergy efficiency of 0.11) in comparison to the most efficient systems, based on HP water–water with a seasonal heat storage and solar thermal collector with the efficiency of 0.47. The same system with an added GW unit exhibits lower water temperatures, resulting in the exergy efficiency of 0.43. The other three systems, based on air–, water–, and ground–water HPs, show significantly lower annual source water temperatures (10.9, 11.0, 11.0, respectively) compared to systems with SHS and SHS + GW, with temperatures of 28.8 and 19.3 K, respectively.     

Application of adsorption cooling systems to automobiles

Adsorption cooling systems using water as the working fluid could minimize environmental problems associated with current automobile air conditioning systems. The exhaust heat could be used to provide the thermal energy input to the system.A number of problems have to be addressed, including adsorbent design and bed configurations. Techniques which might be used to achieve performance targets are discussed.     

Absorption cycles. A review with regard to energetic efficiency

The improvement of energy conversion systems in order to decrease consumption of primary energy and to minimize negative impact on the environment which originates from industries with large cooling and heating demand is mandatory. We want to review the potential of absorption heat pump technology in this respect. Absorption systems are compared to conventional compression systems with regard to the consumption of primary energy. Different areas of application such as air-conditioning, refrigeration, heating, combined cooling and heating, and process heat recovery are treated. Absorption systems have a large potential for energy saving, especially when they are operated by heat from cogeneration systems or, of course, by waste heat. But even direct-fired systems can compete with compression machinery: highly efficient cycles which perform far better than comparable conventional machines are in development.     

卷烟厂生产车间冬季供冷模式比较与应用

为给卷烟厂生产车间选择适宜的冬季供冷模式,文中对三种供冷模式即冷水机组供冷、加大空调新风比以及冷却塔供冷的特点进行了对比分析,并以杭州卷烟厂为例,通过对其生产车间冬季供冷需求和上述三种供冷模式的能耗状况进行定量模拟计算,发现冷却塔供冷是一种最为节能的冬季供冷模式。同时对杭州卷烟厂实际实施的冷却塔供冷系统的运行数据进行了监测,结果表明该系统在监测期内(2011年12月24日到2012年3月6日),与冷水机组供冷相比,总计节约电量约为69万度,节能率为61.9%,季节冷源系统能效系数达10.6。该文研究对于卷烟厂生产车间冬季供冷模式的选择具有一定的指导和参考意义。     

Thermophysics modeling of an infrared detector cryochamber for transient operational scenario

An infrared detector (IR) is essentially a transducer capable of converting radiant energy in the infrared regime into a measurable form. The benefit of infrared radiation is that it facilitates viewing objects in dark or through obscured conditions by detecting the infrared energy emitted by them. One of the most significant applications of IR detector systems is for target acquisition and tracking of projectile systems. IR detectors also find widespread applications in the industry and commercial market. The performance of infrared detector is sensitive to temperatures and performs best when cooled to cryogenic temperatures in the range of nearly 120 K. However, the necessity to operate in such cryogenic regimes increases the complexity in the application of IR detectors. This entails a need for detailed thermophysics analysis to be able to determine the actual cooling load specific to the application and also due to its interaction with the environment. This will enable design of most appropriate cooling methodologies suitable for specific scenarios. The focus of the present work is to develop a robust thermo-physical numerical methodology for predicting IR cryochamber behavior under transient conditions, which is the most critical scenario, taking into account all relevant heat loads including radiation in its original form. The advantage of the developed code against existing commercial software (COMSOL, ANSYS, etc.), is that it is capable of handling gas conduction together with radiation terms effectively, employing a ubiquitous software such as MATLAB. Also, it requires much smaller computational resources and is significantly less time intensive. It provides physically correct results enabling thermal characterization of cryochamber geometry in conjunction with appropriate cooling methodology. The code has been subsequently validated experimentally as the observed cooling characteristics are found to be in close agreement with the results predicted using the developed model thereby proving its efficacy.     

原子冷却技术的发展

新的物理现象的发现往往得益于新实验技术的发明,制冷技术的进步推动了包括凝聚态物理学和原子物理学等现代科学多个领域的重要发现,并促进了超导强磁铁、冷冻电镜等需要极低温度条件的新技术的发展.近年来,随着激光冷却技术的发明和不断发展,人们得以在极端低温下开展统计力学和量子力学相关的实验研究,迄今,人们已经实现了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态这种新奇的物态,并掌握了在单原子尺度开展量子调控研究的能力.同时,由于描述量子多体系统的希尔伯特空间的维度随系统粒子数呈指数增长,即便使用经典超级计算机处理此类问题也仍面临巨大困难,这使得基于超冷原子、离子、超导等体系的量子模拟研究成为热点.人们通过前所未有的调控能力制造人工量子系统,再直接调控并观测其量子相变过程,这为研究强关联量子系统提供了一条崭新的途径.在获得极限低温的道路上,基于热力学定律的传统制冷技术能够达到的温度极限在mK量级,但激光冷却技术却另辟蹊径,巧妙地运用光与原子的相互作用,将原子的温度降低到nK量级,这大大推动了基于超冷原子的量子模拟研究的发展.尽管激光冷却技术获得的超冷原子的温度是传统制冷技术远不能及的,但由于中性原子间相互作用强度很弱,转换...