热致型液晶聚合物的等温和非等温晶化动力学

利用等温和非等温方法详细研究了芳香族聚酯──热致型聚合物对，对’－联苯二甲酸二辛酯的结晶相和液晶相形成机理，并计算了相变过程中的表面自由能与温度系数，研究结果表明：从介晶相开始的结晶过程是二维异相成核、三维线性增长的，而从各向同性液相开始的液晶相形成过程则是二维异相成核二维线性增长的．对两个晶化过程的表面自由能的研究表明，该聚合物液晶相形成过程的相转变表面自由能比结晶过程小得多，预示了它将具有更大的晶化速率．研究还发现，该聚合物的液晶相形成过程具有比结晶过程大得多的温度敏感性．     

热致型液晶聚合物的晶化动力学

本文探讨了液晶聚合物的结晶与液晶相转变动力学机理。通过不同温度下液晶化与结晶化过程的Avrami指数与生长速率的变化,提出了各聚合物液晶生长和结晶生长所可能采取的方式。此外,还对一些液晶聚合物结晶时形成的球晶进行了分析和讨论。     

热致液晶聚酯酰亚胺的非等温相转变动力学研究

以差示扫描量热法对热致液晶聚酯酰亚胺的结晶过程和液晶化过程的非等温相转变动力学行为进行了初步研究，根据Ｊｅｚｉｏｒｎｙ方法处理数据得到了表征聚合物非等温相转变动力参数Ｚｃ，Ｇｃ并对其进行了讨论，结果表明，在所研究的条件下聚合物的相转变过程基本上符事Ｊｅｚｉｏｒｎｙ结论，但两种相转变的成核与生长方式是不同的。     

聚（β－羟基丁酸酯）／聚双酚A羟基醚共混体系相容性及结构的研究

ＤＳＣ和ＦＴＩＲ测试表明，结晶／非晶共混体系聚（β－羟基丁酸酯）（ＰＨＢ）／聚双酚Ａ羧基醚是部分相容的。熔融结晶退火可以大大提高共混物的结晶度，增加其相容性。７５／２５组分ＰＨＢ相结晶度最大，５０／５０组分晶面微晶尺寸最大。     

聚烯烃共混物分散相尺寸梯度分布形态形成速度影响因素的研究

研究了聚烯烃高分子共混物的初始相形态及相间界面张力的改变对退火热处理条件下共混物分散相尺寸分布梯度形态形成速度的影响．通过控制共混物共混过程中Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ转子的转速来控制共混物所受的剪切力大小，可达到控制共混物初始相形态的目的．通过ＳＥＭ电镜观察相形态，并利用计算机图象分析仪得到分散粒子的粒径及其分布数据．研究结果表明，转子转速越大，即共混物所受的剪切力越大，分散相初始粒径越小，且分散也越均匀．初始粒径较小的样品退火后形成梯度的速度相对较快．选用体系聚丙烯（ＰＰ）／乙烯 醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ＥＶＡｃ）、聚乙烯（ＰＥ）／ＥＶＡｃ及改变ＥＶＡｃ中的醋酸乙烯酯（ＶＡｃ）含量与ＰＥ共混对比研究了不同相界面张力对梯度化速度的影响．结果表明，上述各体系退火热处理后均可形成梯度相形态，且相间界面张力越大．高分子共混物中梯度相形态形成速度也越快     

聚丙烯-聚乙烯嵌段共聚物和相应共混物的热分析

用DSC研究了预期为聚丙烯-聚乙烯两嵌段共聚物(PP-PE)和相应共混物(PP+PE)在热学性能上的差异。经用不同分子量的PP和PE及其共混物进行试验后发现,由于PP和PE在结晶时出现过冷的难易不同。在共混物降温热分析曲线上,当降温速率较快时仅出现一个放热峰,而降温速率较慢时出现PP和PE各自的结晶放热峰,从而解释了文献中的不同结果。并发现共混物的PP和PE熔融、结晶温度均较组分相同的嵌段共聚物的相应温度为高;嵌段共聚物中PP和PE的△H_f值均低于均聚物的△H_f值,而PE的值降低尤甚。我们认为这与嵌段间的共价键限制嵌段活动和结晶过程有关,从而确认DSC热分析可以作为识别是否为嵌段共聚物的一种方法. 本工作的结果表明,所研究的PP-PE试样具有嵌段结构。     

混合液晶与尼龙1010三元共混物的研究

采用ＤＣＳ、ＰＯＭ、ＳＥＭ及力学性能测试，研究了不同对羟基苯甲醛和对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯含量的液晶共聚酯ＰＥＴ４０／ＰＨＢ６０（ＬＣＰ１）和ＰＥＴ３０／ＰＨＢ７０（ＬＣＰ２）的共混物与尼龙１０１０为基体的三元混体系。结果表明，液晶共混物的力学性能比单组分有明显提高，通过改变混合液晶中两组分的含量可调节其加工温度与粘度，从而满足了与尼龙１０１０共混的加工窗口要求。混合液晶的加入对尼龙１０１０的结晶与熔融     

甲壳型液晶高分子的一种非寻常热致液晶行为

根据液晶相的稳定性 ,热致性液晶有双向性和单向性之分 .前者在升温和降温过程中都能形成液晶 ,而后者只能在降温过程中形成液晶 .原因是单向性液晶的液晶相不稳定 ,清亮点Ｔｉ 低于熔点Ｔｍ .升温时 ,样品熔融后直接进入各向同性的熔体 ;降温时 ,由于结晶过程的过冷 ,冷结晶温度Ｔｃ 低于Ｔｉ,样品先从各向同性态进入液晶态 ,然后才结晶 .一般情况下 ,如果液晶化合物自身是非晶的 ,所形成的有序结构不会由于冷却而遭到破坏 .最近 ,我们在研究分子量和液晶基元末端长度对甲壳型液晶高分子液晶性影响的时候发现 ,聚 [2 ,5 双 ( 4′ 正己氧基…     

一代树状碳硅烷液晶研究－端基含12个丁氧基偶氮苯介晶基元

用发散法合成周边含12个丁氧基偶氮苯介晶基元（M5）端基新的一代树状碳硅 烷（D1）。并用元素分析、核磁共振、激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱、红外、紫外、 偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热（DSC）和广角X射线衍射（WAXD）表征。D1为向列相与 M5相同，树状物相态由介晶基元相态决定，D1相行为：K82N133I132N67K，D1熔点 比M5降低30－43℃，D1清亮点比M5增加9－11℃，D1介晶相区比M5加宽39－54℃， 观察到8条黑刷的树状物的高强向错（S＝＋2），D1清亮焓值略低于通常液晶n-i相 变清亮焓值，原因是枝化的树状物核心不易完全变形为液晶态的各向异性结构。     

热致液晶共聚酯／Nylon－1010共混物的研究

利用偏光显微镜（ＰＬＭ），差示扫描量热计及广角Ｘ－射线衍射等手段研究了热致液晶共聚酯／Ｎｙｌｏｎ－１０１０共混体系．发现当热致液晶共聚酯（ＨＴＨ１０）含量达到３０％时共混物微结构与纯ＨＴＨ１０相似．尼龙－１０１０的结晶度先是随ＨＴＨ１０含量增加而增加，随后又随之下降，但其结晶温度却随ＨＴＨ１０加入而单调下降，共混物的熔融热焓△Ｈｍ在ＨＴＨ１０含量为３０％时与计算值有较大的偏差，广角Ｘ－射线衍射结果表明，此时共混物结构发生了较为明显的变化，两组份之间在此时存在一定的相互作用．     

THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF THERMOTROPIC HYDROXYETHYL CELLULOSE ACETATE/POLYETHYLENE BLENDS

The thermal behavior of thermotropic hydroxythyl cellulose acetate (HECA)/polyethy-lene (PE) blends has been studied by DSC. It is found that the blends of HECA and PEare immiscible but the crystallization of PE is affected by HECA chains in the blends withmore than 50% HECA, which results in the subordinate crystallization of PE and the for-mation of imperfect structures in the PE crystals. The imperfection of PE crystals in theblends can be eliminated after annealing at 393K.     

热处理对尼龙6及其与聚酰胺嵌段共聚物共混体系晶体熔融行为和结晶结构的影响

采用溶液共混-共沉淀的办法获得尼龙6及聚酰胺嵌段共聚物/尼龙6共混体系粉末,样品在260℃下熔融之后经程序降温的方法得到非淬火样品,然后分别在190℃下高温退火不同时间(0~48 h),采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、偏光显微镜(POM)等表征手段研究热处理对体系晶体熔融行为和结晶结构的影响.结果表明,(1)在相同的热历史条件下,嵌段共聚物的存在影响了尼龙6的结晶行为及结晶结构;(2)退火处理对两种样品有着不同的影响,对于尼龙6体系,退火处理促进了非晶相向晶相的转变,大大提高样品的结晶完善程度和结晶度;对于共混体系,退火处理同样促进了非晶相向晶相的转变,同时形成新的α型和γ型结晶,体系的结晶完善程度明显提高,退火48 h后,结晶度比原始样品提高约84%.     

Einfluß der amorphen Bereiche und der Grenzschichten auf die Gitterkonstanten und die Gitterstörungen in linearem Polyäthylen

The thermal expansion of the unit cell and the defect structure of the crystals of HDPE (Lupolen 6041 D, BASF) with different annealing times (2 h, 5 h, 50 h at 129 °C?T _c) were studied by means of wide angle X-ray diffraction methods in the temperature range from 10 K to 300 K. The WAXS-reflexions are narrowed with increasing annealing time. This is caused by decreasing of paracrystalline disorder and increasing of the coherent regions. The temperature dependency of the integral widths — large increasing with decreasing temperature, which can be described with building up of inherent stresses inside the crystals — is the same in any case. The lattice parameters are decreasing with increasing annealing time. The temperature dependency of the lattice parameters and the integral widths is comparable with measurements we did on PE 2000 [1].     

Hydrogen bonding assists stereocomplexation in poly(l‐lactic acid)/poly(d‐lactic acid) racemic blends

In this communication, we reported the sequence variation of stereocomplex crystals (SC) and homocrystals (HC) in poly(l ‐lactic acid)/poly(d ‐lactic acid) (PLLA/PDLA) racemic blends melts. It was evidenced that the emerging sequence of the SC and HC depends on the hydrogen bond formation in the melt, and the hydrogen bond is required for the stereocomplexation in PLLA/PDLA racemic blend. First, by combining a commercial fast‐scan chip‐calorimeter (Flash DSC 1) and micro‐FTIR, we found that hydrogen bonds were formed in the melt during cooling at 2.5 K/s, but not at 3000 K/s. Second, annealing the melt without hydrogen bonds at 100 °C led to HC emerging first, while annealing the melt with hydrogen bonds resulted in SC emerging at first. Third, the crystallization kinetics of the racemic blends after cooling to predefined T_c at 2.5 or 3000 K/s further verified that the hydrogen bonding can be inhibited effectively by cooling the racemic blends isotropic melt at fast enough rate. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 83–88     

Morphological stability,interfacial tension,and dual-phase continuity in polystyrene-polyethylene blends

The morphological stability of polystyrene high-density polyethylene (PS/PE) blend is investigated in the region of dual-phase continuity. The effect of the addition of a triblock SEBS copolymer to the blends on the stability of these morphologies, is examined. The results show that the morphology of the unmodified blends changes from co-continuous to droplet matrix for PS-rich blends whereas the morphology of a 50/50 blend maintains continuity but coarsened significantly upon annealing at 200°C. In the presence of the copolymer, these morphologies are much more stable. Selective solvent extraction of polystyrene in di-ethyl ether reveals that the level of PS continuity in the 50/50 blend is higher for the unmodified system than for the modified one. Upon annealing, the level of PS continuity significantly increases for the unmodified 50/50 PS/PE blend. The effect of the copolymer content in the blend on the interfacial tension between the two components is also investigated using the breaking thread method. The interfacial tension is found to be reduced from 5.6 to 1.1 mN/m by the addition of 20 parts of the copolymer to the blend. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Morphology evolution and location of ethylene–propylene copolymer in annealed polyethylene/polypropylene blends

Binary blends of linear low density polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), and ternary blends of PE, PP, and EP copolymer (EPR) were prepared in a finely mixed state. In all blends the ratio of PP to PE was 85/15. In some of the blends, the PE component was labeled with a fluorescent dye; in other blends, the EPR component was labeled. These blends were investigated by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy [LCFM] as a function of annealing time as well as EPR compatibilizer content. In this way we were able to follow the evolution of sample morphology and the location of the EPR in the blends. The presence of EPR in the blends retards the growth of droplets of the dispersed PE phase. When EPR was added in amounts up to 5 wt %, it tended to cover the PE droplets in patches rather than form a true core-shell structure. In the LCFM images, the EPR/PP interface appeared sharper than the EPR/PE interface. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35 : 979–991, 1997     

Insight into understanding the evolution of the epitaxy crystallization in isotactic polypropylene and polyethylene blends

In this article, epitaxial structures have been successfully obtained in the isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/polyethylene (PE) blends by an accessible injection molding methods. By studying a series of iPP/PE blends, the evolution of the epitaxial growth of PE lamellae on the oriented iPP lamellae has been detailedly discussed via wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Unexpectedly, the exactly epitaxial angles between peculiarly arranged PE lamellae and oriented PP lamellae are all larger than the classical epitaxy theory value of 50°, and it even increases gradually with increasing PP content. It is inferred that the special crystallization of PE is the consequence of joint construction of the oriented PP crystals and the continuous intense shear field provided by pressure vibration injection molding. The epitaxial structures play a positive role in the interfacial connection between two components; thus, the mechanical properties of the blends are improved. This work provides an insight understanding on the formation mechanism of the epitaxy crystallization under shear field. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

iPP/HDPE/EPDM三元共混体系的组分分布、相容性和结晶行为

用DSC、~(13)C-NMR、SEM和WAXD等方法研究了IPP/HDPE/EPDM三元共混体系的组分分布、相容性和结晶行为。实验结果表明,EPDM与PE组分的相容性优于与PP组分的相容性,多数EPDM分子链段能够分布在PE组分中;EPDM含量为15％时,共混物相容性最好,SEM照片呈现晶体微区的互连或网络状结构;随EPDM含量增加,总结晶度X_c减小,其中PE组分结晶度X_(cE)有较大幅度地降低,PP组分结晶度X_(cp)基本没有变化,这可以根据EPDM和PE、PP之间相容性的差异以及PE、PP两组分在冷却过程中不同的结晶行为来解释。     

羟乙基纤维素醋酸酯热致液晶性和相转变

本文研究了羟乙基纤维素醋酸酯的热致液晶和相转变过程。发现升温时,在130～185℃范围内羟乙基纤维素醋酸是各向异性的熔体,在温度高于185℃以后是各向同性的熔体。降温时,各向异性相在165℃时开始形成,进一步冷却到室温,形成液晶玻璃态。在降温过程中,相转变和液晶相织构的形成都很快,而且一旦液晶相的织构形成以后就不再随时间和温度降低而变化。羟乙基纤维素醋酸酯的热致液晶性还受其分子量影响,分子量越高,相转变温度越高。但是,在适当的分子量下,羟乙基纤维素醋酸酯才有最大的动力学相转变能力。     

iPP/HDPE/EPDM三元共混体系的组分分布、相容性和结晶行为

 用DSC、¹³C-NMR、SEM和WAXD等方法研究了IPP/HDPE/EPDM三元共混体系的组分分布、相容性和结晶行为。实验结果表明,EPDM与PE组分的相容性优于与PP组分的相容性,多数EPDM分子链段能够分布在PE组分中;EPDM含量为15％时,共混物相容性最好,SEM照片呈现晶体微区的互连或网络状结构;随EPDM含量增加,总结晶度X_c减小,其中PE组分结晶度X_cE有较大幅度地降低,PP组分结晶度X_cp基本没有变化,这可以根据EPDM和PE、PP之间相容性的差异以及PE、PP两组分在冷却过程中不同的结晶行为来解释。