The Grassmannian of affine subspaces

Foundations of Computational Mathematics - The Grassmannian of affine subspaces is a natural generalization of both the Euclidean space, points being 0-dimensional affine subspaces, and the usual...     

Wavelet frames for (not necessarily reducing) affine subspaces II: The structure of affine subspaces

This is a continuation of the investigation into the theory of wavelet frames for general affine subspaces. The main focus of this paper is on the structural properties of affine subspaces. We show that every affine subspace is the orthogonal direct sum of at most three purely non-reducing subspaces, while every reducing subspace (with respect to the dilation and translation operators) is the orthogonal direct sum of two purely non-reducing ones. This result is obtained through considering the basic question as to when the orthogonal complement of an affine subspace in another one is still affine. Motivated by the fundamental question as to whether every affine subspace is singly-generated, and by a recent result that every singly generated purely non-reducing subspace admits a singly generated wavelet frame, we prove that every affine subspace can be decomposed into the direct sum of a singly generated affine subspace and some space of “small size”. As a consequence we establish a connection between the above mentioned two questions.     

Extrapolation algorithm for affine-convex feasibility problems

The convex feasibility problem under consideration is to find a common point of a countable family of closed affine subspaces and convex sets in a Hilbert space. To solve such problems, we propose a general parallel block-iterative algorithmic framework in which the affine subspaces are exploited to introduce extrapolated over-relaxations. This framework encompasses a wide range of projection, subgradient projection, proximal, and fixed point methods encountered in various branches of applied mathematics. The asymptotic behavior of the method is investigated and numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the benefits of the extrapolations.     

On decomposability of affine partial linear spaces

In the paper we characterize normal subspaces of an affine partial linear space and characterize affine partial linear spaces which can not be represented as the Segre product of some affine partial linear spaces.     

The product of affine orthogonal projections

In the case of a finite number of subspaces in a given Hilbert space, by a theorem of J. von Neumann, the iteration of the product of projectors is always convergent. In a finite dimensional Hilbert space, this theorem has been generalized for affine subspaces. In this paper we construct an example which shows that this result does not hold in the infinite dimensional case.     

Subspaces and Parallelity in semiaffine partial linear spaces

In the paper we characterize subspaces and strong subspaces of a semiaffine partial linear space and consider definability of projective and semiaffine planes, affine lines and parallelity in terms of projective lines. We also give some construction of a wide class of semiaffine partial linear spaces.     

Coordinatization of affine and projective space

In this paper, the author gives an elementary proof of the theorem that each Desarguesian affine space is a vector space over a division ring and each Desarguesian projective space is the subspaces of a vector space over a division ring and conversely. A geometric characterization of the characteristic of a division ring is also given.     

Convergence of minimum norm elements of projections and intersections of nested affine spaces in Hilbert space

We consider a Hilbert space, an orthogonal projection onto a closed subspace and a sequence of downwardly directed affine spaces. We give sufficient conditions for the projection of the intersection of the affine spaces into the closed subspace to be equal to the intersection of their projections. Under a closure assumption, one such (necessary and) sufficient condition is that summation and intersection commute between the orthogonal complement of the closed subspace, and the subspaces corresponding to the affine spaces. Another sufficient condition is that the cosines of the angles between the orthogonal complement of the closed subspace, and the subspaces corresponding to the affine spaces, be bounded away from one. Our results are then applied to a general infinite horizon, positive semi-definite, linear quadratic mathematical programming problem. Specifically, under suitable conditions, we show that optimal solutions exist and, modulo those feasible solutions with zero objective value, they are limits of optimal solutions to finite-dimensional truncations of the original problem.     

Representation of relatively uniform and order convergence topologies by an inductive limit

Using the concept of a topological affine space, it is proved that a partially ordered topological linear spaces associated with relatively uniform and order convergence can be represented by an inductive limit of its subspaces.     

On a construction of affine Grassmannians and spine spaces

In this paper we introduce the notion of spine space, generalizing the notion of affine grassmannians. We describe the set of strong subspaces of a spine space (Thm. 2.6, 2.7), construct the horizon of a spine space, and study the automorphisms of a spine space. Received 20 October 1999; revised 15 March 2000.     

Functions with prescribed best linear approximations

A common problem in applied mathematics is that of finding a function in a Hilbert space with prescribed best approximations from a finite number of closed vector subspaces. In the present paper we study the question of the existence of solutions to such problems. A finite family of subspaces is said to satisfy the Inverse Best Approximation Property (IBAP) if there exists a point that admits any selection of points from these subspaces as best approximations. We provide various characterizations of the IBAP in terms of the geometry of the subspaces. Connections between the IBAP and the linear convergence rate of the periodic projection algorithm for solving the underlying affine feasibility problem are also established. The results are applied to investigate problems in harmonic analysis, integral equations, signal theory, and wavelet frames.     

A note on wavelet subspaces

The wavelet subspaces of the space of square integrable functions on the affine group with respect to the left invariant Haar measure dν are studied using the techniques from Vasilevski (Integral Equ. Operator Theory 33:471–488, 1999) with respect to wavelets whose Fourier transforms are related to Laguerre polynomials. The orthogonal projections onto each of these wavelet subspaces are described and explicit forms of reproducing kernels are established. Isomorphisms between wavelet subspaces are given.     

On principal invariant subspaces

Let F and G be closed subspaces of the complex Hilbert space H, and U and V be closed subspaces of F and G, respectively. In this paper, using the technique of operator block, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions under which (U, V) is a pair of (strictly, non-degenerate) principal invariant subspaces for (F, G).     

关于L2(Rd)中仿射子空间小波标架的一个注记

研究了L2(Rd)的有限生成仿射子空间中小波标架的构造.证明了任意有限生成仿射子空间都容许一个具有有限多个生成元的Parseval小波标架,并且得到了仿射子空间是约化子空间的一个充分条件.对其傅里叶变换是一个特征函数的单个函数生成的仿射子空间,得到了与小波标架构造相关的投影算子在傅里叶域上的明确表达式,同时也给出了一些例子.     

Loops which are semidirect products of groups

We construct loops which are semidirect products of groups of affinities. As their elements in many cases one may take transversal subspaces of an affine space. In particular we obtain in this manner smooth loops having Lie groups of affine real transformations as the groups generated by left translations, whereas the groups generated by right translations are smooth groups of infinite dimension. We also determine the Akivis algebras of these loops. This paper was supported by DAAD.     

Nonlinear diffusion from a delocalized source: affine self-similarity,time reversal, & nonradial focusing geometries

A family of explicit solutions is described, to the porous medium equation in its full range of nonlinearities (plus some analogous fourth-order diffusions), in which the pressure is given by a quadratic function of space at each instant in time. These include spreading solutions whose source is concentrated on any conic region of dimension lower than the ambient space, and solutions which focus at conic regions. The singular limiting distributions are affine projections of Barenblatt type solutions (with arbitrary signature) onto lower dimensional subspaces. All affine images of Barenblatt solutions form an invariant space on which the dynamics can be integrated explicitly. A time-reversal symmetry is revealed for the pressure equation which transforms spreading solutions to focusing solutions, and vice-versa. This yields new information about the long and short time asymptotics of finite-mass solutions, about the instability of focusing, and about singularity geometry.     

两子空间的公共补与Groβ问题

设U,V是Hilbert空间H的两个闭子空间．若存在H的闭子空间L满足L+U=H,L+V=H,且L∩U=L∩V={0},则称L是U和V的公共补．本文获得了两子空间有公共补的一些新的特征,给出了等式H=[U∩(U⊥+ V⊥)]⊕[V⊕(U⊥∩V⊥)]成立的充分必要条件,完全回答了GroB提出的问题．     

酉空间中一类子空间的排列问题与具有纠错能力的d~z-析取矩阵

Pooling设计在实践中有着广泛的应用,它的数学模型是d~z-析取矩阵.本文利用酉空间的一类子空间构做了一类新的d~z-析取矩阵.为了讨论此设计的纠错能力,重点研究了酉空间中的一类子空间的排列问题,即对于酉空间F_q~2~((n))上的一个给定的(m,s)型子空间C和一个整数d,找到C的d个(m-1,s-1)型子空间H_1,H_2,…,H_d,使得包含在H_1∪H_2∪…∪H_d中的(r,s-4)型子空间的个数最多,并确定这个数的上界.然后应用此结果,给出了d~z-析取矩阵中反映纠错能力的z值的紧界.     

Was Sie schon immer über affine Punkträume wissen wollten oder Keine Angst vor Translationen

The concept of an Affine Point Space to be found in many textbooks is complicated and easily misunderstood. Looking at the system of all cosets of subspaces of a vector space yields a more lucid and mathematically clearer definition of affine spaces.

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Herrn Professor Dr. Walter Benz zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Incidence structures of affine and protective types

A combinatorial characterization of the incidence structures whose points and blocks are the h– and (h+1)-dimensional subspaces of an affine or protective space is given.Work partially supported by G.N.S.A.G.A. of C.N.R., Italy.