加强中学化学实验室管理的几点建议

化学实验室是进行化学实验教学,培养学生技能、开发智力的重要场所。实验室工作是学校教学工作的重要组成部分,因此,加强化学实验室的建设和管理,充分发挥实验室在化学教学工作中的作用,是提高教学质量的物质保证。     

分析实验室的环保措施

环境保护是头等大事 ,事关可持续发展经济的大战略。在环保面前人人平等 ,必须本着“谁污染环境 ,谁负责处理”的原则贯彻执行。分析试验室的成本核算和对外收费都应包括实验室的环保费用在内 ,实验室的污染源既来自所用的各种试剂 ;也可能来自试样本身 (例如 ,固态试样的放射性和液态或气态试样的有毒或致癌物质成分 )。因此 ,只能根据具体情况 ,分别制订处理方案 ,并无定规。必须指出 :当前某些标准方法仍保留使用有毒、甚至剧毒的试剂 ,绝不意味着 ,分析实验室可以无视环保政策 ,置身局外 ,自行其是 ,而是它另有一套环保措施 ,不过秘而不…     

实验室管理中的人本管理

以忻州师范学院化学实验室为例,介绍了实验室管理中的人本管理.     

光谱实验室的建设和管理

阐述冶金、铸造等行业用于金属成分分析的直读发射光谱仪实验室的建设和管理。从仪器的调研、选型，实验室选址，基础设施设备的准备，仪器的安装、调试、验收、日常分析，实验室管理等几个方面，分别作了介绍。     

新建本科院校实验室建设与管理的现状分析

分析了新建本科院校实验室在建设与管理方面存在的问题,指出了制约实验室健康运行的主要障碍为：实验室建设缺乏整体规划;实验室管理不规范;实验队伍建设不科学等。针对以上问题,结合我校在转制升本后采取的思路,指出更新高等教育理念,加强顶层设计,通过“总体规划、合理设置、基础优先、立项建设”等原则进行规划;通过“建章立制、分级管理、及时跟踪、以人为本”的原则进行科学管理,从而保障实验室的健康可持续发展,为实现新时期“中国梦”的人才培养搭建平台。     

理化分析测试实验室仪器设备的管理

仪器设备是实验室的重要资产,仪器设备管理是实验室正常运行的重要组成部分。从仪器设备的管理架构以及仪器设备的采购、验收、量值溯源、维护维修、报废等方面讨论了理化分析测试实验室仪器设备管理工作的重点和注意事项。     

甲硫醇废气高效资源化处理的工程应用

采用化学吸收+燃烧热解+尾气吸收工艺对含甲硫醇废气进行处理,设计规模10 000 Nm~3/h,该工艺对含甲硫醇废气有较好的处理效果:得到35%~40%甲硫醇钠副产品2800吨/年,90%~98%十水硫酸钠副产品500吨/年,经处理后甲硫醇去除率大于99%,SO_2、NOx及烟尘达标排放。该工艺为含甲硫醇废气的资源化处理提供新思路,有效解决了现有技术对含甲硫醇废气处理效果不佳、运行成本高、产生二次污染、无经济效益的不足。同时,实现回收副产品的目的,经济与环保效益相统一。     

基础化学实验室的建设与管理

化学实验室是全面完成化学教学任务的重要基地。 我院2002年建立了设备比较先进的化学实验室,给学生创造了良好的实验条件,并进行了科学化的管理,规定了各种规章制度和有关职责,较好地完成了化学教学任务。在实践中。采取：固定优秀代课教师兼管,勤工助学学生帮忙的管理办法,既减轻教师的劳动强度,又培养了学生的技能,且协调了各种关系,有利于化学教学质量的提高。     

分析实验室布局安排中容易忽视的几个问题

对分析实验室安排布局中常见的几个问题所带来的潜在危害和危害原因进行了分析讨论,并根据实际提出了建议.     

强化无机及分析化学实验室管理工作的实践

介绍了南京林业大学化学基础教学实验中心无机及分析化学实验室强化管理工作的若干经验。实践表明,实验室的管理逐步走向了规范化、科学化,有利于更好地服务于实验教学,顺利完成各项实验教学任务。     

Integrating accreditation, good laboratory practice and good manufacturing practice in an industrial analytical laboratory

 The Analytical Laboratory of BASF is a central service unit for chemical analysis which can be used by all departments within the company. It carries out routine as well as non-routine work and has a high amount of R&D orders. A quality system conforming with GMP rules was installed in the 1970s, followed by a GLP system about 6 years later. In 1995 an EN 45001 certificate was granted, which also stated the conformity with ISO 9002. A "types of test" orientated system was chosen for accreditation. This was better suited to the needs of a testing laboratory with a high amount of non-routine work than a purely test-procedure orientated accreditation. An integrated quality system has now been developed from these activities. It has partly common elements and partly differing elements taking into account specific regulations. For example, instrument calibration, staff training, validation of test procedures and the use of computerized systems are covered by uniform rules. Other elements such as handling of samples and report generation are arranged according to the individual requirements of the various standards. Rules and regulations are laid down in a system of documents which comprise the quality manual, general standard operating procedures (SOPs), laboratory-specific SOPs and test procedures. The quality system has been accepted by other accreditiation bodies on application of special accreditations (workplace safety, biodegradable polymers). But it has had no advantageous influence on getting GLP certification. An integrated system is very complex and requires appreciable resources. Management of processes and documentation can only be handled by extensive use of computers. Frequent training of staff and internal audits are necessary to keep the system at an acceptable level. In order to reduce the complexity of quality management regulations a harmonization of the different quality systems would be desirable. Received: 1 October 1998 · Accepted: 10 January 1999     

The experience of accreditation of an analytical laboratory at the Argentine Atomic Energy Commission

The implementation of a quality system based on the ISO/IEC 17025:1999 standard is a growing necessity for analytical laboratories to demonstrate their technical competence. In 2001, the Nuclear Analytical Techniques Group of the Argentine Atomic Energy Commission obtained the recognition of the International Atomic Energy Agency in the application of neutron activation analysis and the accreditation by the national accreditation body. The importance of the participation of the group in the Agency's Regional Programme for Latin America, ARCAL XXVI on Quality Assurance in Analytical laboratories is discussed, as well as the activities performed to attain these objectives. Some improvements worth mentioning resulted from the implementation of the quality system and, following the premise of continuous improvement, changes were introduced aiming at the laboratory re-accreditation.     

GB/T19001质量管理体系用于高校教学实验室管理的初步实践

探索高校教学实验室以GB/T19001-2016《质量管理体系要求》为指导准则,拓宽改进实验室管理工作的新思路及应用实践。以解读标准中质量管理第一原则及9.1.2、10.3条款为例,论述转变管理理念,进一步实践以人为本,促进实验技术和管理相关人员"全员参与"和"全过程参与"意识的培养,逐步提升实验室管理效率和水平,提高学生对实验教学服务的满意度。     

基于气相色谱法危废品仓库中非甲烷总烃在线监测系统研制

研制了一套基于气相色谱法的危废品仓库中非甲烷总烃的在线监测系统。该系统采用气相色谱原理对样品进行分离,经火焰离子化检测器电离形成微电流,通过信号放大器检测并换算成烃类含量。经联动调试检测显示,系统的示值误差小于±2.5%,零点漂移小于±5%F.S.(传感器满量程误差的百分数),量程漂移小于±5%F.S.,响应时间小于300 s,系统各项技术性能指标均满足并优于《上海市固定污染源非甲烷总烃在线监测系统验收及运行技术要求》,具备推广和应用价值。     

Stability of model recycled mixed plastic waste compatibilised with a cooperative compatibilisation system

The effect of the degree of degradation of the components of a model municipal plastic waste (a mixture of low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene and high-impact polystyrene) on the toughness and stability of recyclates compatibilised with a cooperative compatibilisation system (a mixture of ethylene-propylene statistical and styrene-butadiene block copolymers with a secondary amine-based stabiliser) was studied. It was shown that good impact strength was achieved for recyclates having components with a low or medium degree of degradation. Mechanical properties of recyclates having the components with a high degree of degradation are deteriorated. The addition of the cooperative compatibilisation system leads to a higher thermo-oxidative stability of recyclates irrespective of the degree of degradation of their components. Photo-oxidative stability of the recyclates is low but it can be improved to a satisfactory level by the addition of carbon black or a commercial photo-stabiliser.     

废弃印刷电路板材料裂解产物的高分辨裂解气相色谱-质谱分析

采用高分辨裂解气相色谱-质谱法(PyGC-MS)分析了FR-4型印刷电路板粉末样品的裂解产物。在氦气氛围中,分别在350,450,550,650和750 ℃下对印刷电路板粉末样品进行热裂解,并通过毛细管气相色谱-质谱对裂解产物进行分析,研究了不同裂解温度下裂解产物分布以及主要裂解产物的产率与裂解温度的关系,根据热分解产物的组成,探讨了热分解反应机理。     

Determination of kinetic parameters and analytical pyrolysis of tobacco waste and sorghum bagasse

The thermal decomposition of tobacco waste and sorghum bagasse was investigated by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyses, applying slow heating rates and well-defined conditions. The purpose of evaluating the decomposition was to estimate the kinetic parameters of the analyzed materials. Activation energies and Arrhenius exponential factors were inferred by different estimation methods: the classical methods of Ozawa and Starink and the independent parallel reactions model. The analytical pyrolysis was performed in a micro-pyrolyzer coupled to a gas chromatographer/mass spectrometer. Values of activation energy obtained with single step reaction models by the Ozawa method were: 103.94 kJ/mol for tobacco waste and 120.01 kJ/mol for sorghum bagasse, and by the Starink method - 135.95 kJ/mol for tobacco waste and 148.91 kJ/mol for sorghum bagasse. The independent parallel reaction model presented energy activation values of 39.7-272.0 kJ/mol for tobacco waste and 35.7-220.0 kJ/mol for sorghum bagasse. In analytical slow and fast pyrolysis of tobacco residue and sorghum bagasse, holocellulose and lignin-derived compounds were identified, as well as hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. The kinetic behavior of the materials are presented and discussed. Our findings may be helpful in evaluating other types of lignocellulosic biomass.     

针对理论-实验教学相融合的微助教辅助实验教学实践——以滴定分析实验教学为例

研究生助教培养是高校化学本科生实验教学的重要组成部分,对提高实验课程的教学水平具有重要的推动作用。为解决助教培训时间仓促、定位不清、内容不连续、工具性倾向明显,以及在助教聘用、考核、激励、教学质量评估等方面规范性和系统性不足等问题,仪器分析实验室以《GB/T 19028–2018质量管理人员参与和能力指南》为理论依据,探索提高研究生助教深度参与实验教学的方法。连续三年追踪助教培养改进效果反馈数据表明,实验室采取的一系列改进措施有效提升了研究生助教的教学能力,促进了教学质量的提高,实现助教管理的改革创新与“过程增值”。