光电负反馈下垂直腔表面发射激光器偏振开关特性研究

基于扩展的自旋反转模型, 对光电负反馈下垂直腔表面发射激光器的偏振开关特性进行了数值仿真和理论分析. 研究结果表明: 对于不同的自旋反转率, 反馈强度和延迟时间对激光器偏振开关特性产生较大影响.在慢自旋反转率下运行时, 随着反馈强度的增加, 开关点电流呈线性增加, 导致X偏振模被压缩, 这与报道的基于各向同性光反馈的情景相反, 产生这一现象的原因是由于光电负反馈提高了X偏振模的阈值; 延迟时间对开关点电流的影响随反馈强度的变化而不同.在快自旋反转率下运行时, 反馈强度对开关点电流的影响与慢自旋反转率时的情形不同, 开关点电流经历先增加后减小的过程, 开关点电流受反馈强度的影响更加敏感; 而延迟时间的影响规律和慢自旋反转率时相似. 此外, 还发现自发辐射噪声对激光器偏振开关特性有较大影响. 关键词： 垂直腔表面发射激光器 偏振开关 光电负反馈 自发辐射噪声     

双重频率锁定的腔衰荡吸收光谱技术及信号处理

针对传统腔衰荡光谱技术浓度获取率低,提出基于双重锁定的连续波腔衰荡吸收光谱技术.通过波长调制一次谐波信号将激光器的频率锁定到C_2H_2吸收线上,同时使用PDH锁频技术将衰荡腔锁定到激光器上,从而避免了测量过程中激光器的频率漂移和腔长的抖动,使测量结果更加精确;并且,由于双重锁定,单次衰荡事件的发生率,也就是浓度信息的获取率只受衰荡时间以及重新锁定时间限制,在本试验系统中采集速率可以达到30 k Hz,可以实现对气体浓度的快速测量.为了提高信噪比,采用Kalman滤波技术,对浓度信息进行实时处理,有效抑制了噪声,根据阿伦方差分析,探测灵敏度可以达到4×10~(-9)cm~(-1)(2 s平均).     

Sampled grating distributed feedback (SG DFB) semiconductor laser diode

A laser diode was designed using a method called sampled grating (SG) distributed feedback (DFB), in which the couplings have been distributed in certain regions along the laser cavity (i.e., regions contain grating). These regions play a big role in pushing the main mode to propagate faster than the side mode by increasing the time delay between them. This delay is due to the empty regions (i.e., regions without grating) along the laser cavity. Neither a phase shift nor incomplete grating have been taken into account with the new structure. The theoretical model in the present work is based on the coupled-mode equations which have been solved numerically by the mean of transfer matrix method (TMM).     

Transverse effects in absorptive optical bistability

Absorptive bistability loops are computed for a laser beam with a gaussian input spatial profile incident on a unidirectional ring cavity containing a saturable nonlinear medium. Sharp radially dependent switching with wide bistable loops is predicted for large Fresnel numbers. Intermediate Fresnel numbers result in whole beam switching with significant narrowing of the associated bistable loops. At low Fresnel numbers, bistability can disappear. Radially integrated hysteresis loops differ quantitatively from plane-wave predictions.     

Critical slowing down in a bistable model with squeezed vacuum environment

Critical slowing down effect in a bistable model of a two-level atomic medium in a ring cavity and in contact with squeezed vacuum field is examined within the mean field approximations in the high-, low- and arbitrary-Q cavity cases. Depending on the squeezed vacuum field phase parameter, the time response to linear perturbation of the incident field near the swtiching-on point can be enhanced or reduced compared with the normal vacuum case. In the low-Q cavity case with atomic collisional broadening switching time is both increased and become insensitive to the phase of the squeezed vacuum field. Analytical expressions are given and analysed for the critical (extermal) values of the incident field. In the high-Q cavity, Gaussian field feature causes lesser-steep transition between the stable states in both the normal and squeezed vacuum cases.Received: 25 April 2004, Published online: 24 August 2004PACS: 42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects - 42.65.-k Nonlinear optics     

Titanium plasma spectroscopy studies under double pulse laser excitation

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for parametric studies of titanium (Ti) plasma using single and double pulsed laser excitation scheme. Here a pulsed Nd:YAG laser was employed for generation of laser produced plasma from solid Ti target at ambient pressure. Several ionized titanium lines were recorded in the 312–334 nm UV region. The temporal evolution of plasma parameters such as excitation temperature and electron number density was evaluated. The effect of incident laser irradiance, position of the laser beam focal point with respect to the surface of illumination, single and double laser pulse effect on plasma parameters were also investigated. This study contributes to a better understanding of the LIBS plasma dynamics of the double laser pulse effect on the temporal evolution of various Ti emission lines, the detection sensitivity and the optimal dynamics of plasma for ionized states of Ti. The results demonstrate a faster decay of the continuum and spectral lines and a shorter plasma life time for the double pulse excitation scheme as compared with single laser pulse excitation. For double pulse excitation technique, the emissions of Ti lines intensities are enhanced by a factor of five which could help in the improvement of analytical performance of LIBS technique. In addition, this study proved that to avoid inhomogeneous effects in the laser produced plasma under high laser intensities, short delay times between the incident laser pulse and ICCD gate are required.     

Long-cavity quantum dot laser

We propose a delay-differential equation to model dynamical instabilities in a quantum dot laser. We focus on a laser with a small gain section and a long empty section. A long cavity reduces the strong damping of the relaxation oscillation frequency. It leads to the appearance of dropouts at the delay period, which evolve to chaos.     

1550nm-VCSELs在偏振保持光反馈和正交光注入下的偏振转换特性

基于自旋反转模型,研究了1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器(1550 nm-VCSELs)在偏振保持光反馈和正交光注入下的偏振转换特性.结果表明:正交光注入下的从激光器会随着注入强度的增加产生偏振转换.在归一化注入电流较小时,改变反馈强度,会使从激光器发生偏振转换的注入强度出现规律不同的变化;改变频率失谐,会使从激光器发生偏振转换的注入强度出现规律相同的变化.     

灯泵钛宝石激光器调Q运转

论述了色散棱镜谐振腔调Q运转方法。其中棱镜既起到波长调谐色散元件的作用 ,又起到Q开关起偏器的作用 ,省掉了制作难度大的宽带起偏器。为了使晶体高压随波长调谐同步运转 ,采用了单片机控制全反射镜驱动电源 ,同时也控制调Q电压 ,使全反射镜的转动与施加在晶体上的高压同步运行 ,达到了宽带调谐与调Q电压同步运转的目的 ,获得了波长调谐巨脉冲激光。实验中应用精确数字退压延迟技术和晶压与波长调谐同步运转方法 ,获得了激光脉宽 31ns、能量 2 70mJ的结果     

Expansion of the relative time delay by switching between slow and fast light using coherent population oscillation with semiconductors

The slow-light effect based on free-carrier population oscillation in semiconductors is analyzed using generalized macroscopic Bloch equations. Using this model, we are able to investigate the relation between the fractional time delay and the intensity of control laser beams for semiconductors. It is found that although increasing the control-beam intensity can enlarge the fractional time delay, the maximum delay that can be achieved is limited and determined by a critical value of the separation between the quasi-Fermi levels of electrons and holes. We also show that there is an intensity threshold for the control beam above which the probe signal becomes gain-assisted fast light rather than slow light. We therefore suggest a method to expand the relative time delay by switching between the fast-light region and the slow-light region through changing the intensity of the control laser beams. PACS 42.25.Bs; 42.70.Nq; 42.79.-e     

含负折射率介质非线性Bragg腔的双稳态特性

研究了含负折射率介质一维光子晶体非线性Bragg腔的透射特性、光学增强和双稳态特性.对负折射率介质无色散和有色散非线性Bragg腔及由两种正折射率介质构成的非线性Bragg腔的透射谱、光学增强、缺陷模的线宽、入射光的红移量、双稳态开关阈值进行了比较.含负折射率介质的非线性Bragg腔可显著增大腔内光学增强效应,降低缺陷模的线宽、入射光的红移量和双稳态开关阈值.     

一种提取光反馈混沌激光器时延信息的谱分析方法

鉴于时延信息严重威胁着混沌通信的保密性,提出了一种利用频谱仪直接确定激光器时延信息的新方法。通过记录和观察信号的频谱,发现其频谱受到了时延信息的调制;进一步对频谱作逆傅里叶变换,即可直接获取光反馈混沌激光器的时延信息。实验中对腔长L=11.02 m的单反馈和腔长近似相等(L1=11.02 m, L2=11.25 m)或腔长成整数比(L1=11.02 m, L2=22.03 m) 的双反馈情形进行了研究。分析结果表明:在两外腔长度近似相等的情况下,2个外腔长度信息不能被隐藏;当反馈外腔长度成整数比时可以从频谱中提取出半导体激光器的反馈延迟时间。     

激光推进流场演化的高速阴影测量方法

 介绍了高速阴影技术在激光推进流场演化诊断过程中的应用。采用了阴影技术和高速摄影相结合的方法,对激光推进流场演化过程进行了考察。由高速相机提供时序零时,控制激光器和闪光源的延迟时间,再对高速相机进行同步曝光,解决了高速阴影测量过程中高速相机、闪光仪和激光器的时序控制问题,实验获得了清晰的流场演化图像,为进一步研究提供了实验依据和便利条件。     

双光反馈半导体激光混沌系统的外腔反馈强度对延时特征的影响

通过构建一个双光反馈半导体激光混沌系统,本文实验研究了双腔之间不同反馈强度对系统混沌输出的延时特征的影响.结果表明:固定一个腔的反馈量,而适当调节另一个腔的反馈强度,可实现对混沌输出延时特征的良好抑制.同时,在延时反馈特征抑制较好的情况下,还存在时间漂移（即从混沌输出所提取的特征延时与系统真实延时之差）明显增大的现象.因此采用双光反馈半导体系统可以很好地隐藏激光混沌的延时参量,从而显著提升其在相关领域的表现性能.     

时分复用激光干涉测速技术研究

为了探索和发展瞬态激光干涉测量技术,本文从理论上对激光差频干涉测速度技术进行了分析,并对该技术的应用基础和发展前景进行了剖析.基于对该技术中关键技术的分析、讨论,提出了时分复用激光干涉测速技术的概念.充分利用了激光差频干涉测速技术中的延迟时间τ,在时间段0~τ和τ之后,激光干涉分别体现的是测位移技术和测速度技术,从而可较好地确定冲击与爆轰等物理过程中的第一冲击前沿的速度值(解决条纹丢失的不确定性);同时在硬件要求不太高(降低对记录用示波器等的带宽和采样率的要求)的情况下,保证有较高的速度测量上限.结合爆轰与冲击物理过程特性的考虑,通过选择合适的干涉测试技术参量,设计并建立了光纤时分复用激光干涉测速系统,进行了时分复用激光干涉测速技术的初步应用研究,获得了较好的应用结果,从而验证了该技术的有效性.     

Optical feedback cavity ring-down technique for accurate measurement of ultra-high reflectivity

A novel cavity ring-down (CRD) technique, based on the optical feedback effect of Fabry–Perot diode lasers, is developed for accurate reflectivity measurement of highly reflective cavity mirrors. The strong optical feedback, including the direct reflection from the front cavity mirror of a linear ring-down cavity, is re-injected into the oscillator cavity of the diode laser, and large resonant peaks are observed in the ring-down cavity output signals. The diode laser is switched off by a threshold circuit when the amplitude of a resonant peak exceeds a pre-defined threshold. Exponentially decayed signals recorded immediately after switching off the laser are used to determine the cavity decay time. The ultra-high reflectivity of cavity mirrors is measured to be 99.99606% with a reproducibility of 0.00003%. Compared with the previous phase-shift CRD technique, the signal-to-noise ratio of the cavity output signals is improved with an enhancement factor of over 100.     

The effect of external cavity reflectivity on the dynamic behaviors of quantum cascade laser

The effect of external reflectivity on the dynamic behaviors of quantum cascade laser coupled to external cavity is theoretically investigated. Our model is based on three-level rate equations including the dependence of the loss on external cavity parameters. We find in particular that the effective reflectivity, photon lifetime and threshold current are strongly influenced by the external cavity length and external reflectivity. The optimum external cavity length (L_ext) is about 4?cm. We also show that the external cavity reflectivity influences significantly the dynamics of the electron number in the upper and lower laser levels, population inversion, and photon numbers in the Fabry Perot and in the external cavities. In addition, the external cavity reflectivity dependences of turn-on delay time (t_th) is also studied and discussed.     

Global rate equation description of a laser

The global integro-differential rate equations describing a multimode laser are analyzed. Expressions for the relaxation oscillation frequencies and their damping rates in the single-mode and two-mode regimes are obtained without specifying either the cavity geometry or the longitudinal pump profile. On the same level of generality, we prove the existence of universal relations relating the peaks of the power spectra in the two-mode regime. For a Fabry-Perot with arbitrary longitudinal pump profile, series expansions of all the physical functions are derived in powers of the pump moments. These moments are averages of the pump profile over cavity modes at linear combinations of the lasing frequencies and their harmonics. These results apply to end-pumped and/or partially filled lasers. For a single mode Fabry-Perot laser, we prove that the contribution to the steady state intensity from the lasing mode varies from 75% close to the lasing threshold to zero at high intensity. The remainder comes from the harmonics of the lasing mode. Analyzing the steady state single mode intensity equation in terms of the pump gratings, we prove that close to the lasing threshold only the space average of the pump and its grating oscillating at twice the lasing wave number do not vanish. This provides a hint towards the justification of the usual modal rate equations which retain only these two functions in the dynamical evolution of a laser. For a Fabry-Perot with constant pump profile, an exact expression for the upper boundary of the stable single mode regime is derived. In that two-mode regime, we prove that there is a critical value of the pump at which the ratio of the two relaxation oscillation frequencies is 2, leading to an internal resonance.     

The onset of convection in a finite container due to surface tension and buoyancy

A method for predicting instabilities which combines recent techniques from bifurcation theory with the finite-element method is described. It is applied to the prediction of the onset of convection driven by both surface tension and buoyancy in rectangular containers. For zero buoyancy, the critical values of the Marangoni number for the first two bifurcations from the trivial solution are found for a two-dimensional cavity of aspect ratio 2. The variation of these critical values with aspect ratio is obtained by continuation methods and this reveals an interlacing of modes as the container size increases. It is established that the bifurcation to an even number of cells is transcritical rather than pitchfork and the turning point on the subcritical branch is located as a function of aspect ratio. The hysteresis associated with the transcritical bifurcation is small. As the surface tension forces decrease to zero, so that the convection is driven by buoyancy alone, the amount of hysteresis associated with the transcritical bifurcation becomes vanishingly small. The reason for this is not fully understood.     

Mode-locking dynamics of a laser coupled to an empty external cavity

The effect of incorporating an empty external cavity into the feedback loop of a mode-locked laser is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the response of the mode-locking as the external cavity is detuned by a fraction of a wavelength from the round trip transit time associated with the laser. The results for two regimes of operation are presented. In the first case a series of short lived transients develop whereas the other case leads to a persistent intermittent Q-switching scenario, where mode-locking fails. The role of coupling between the cavities and the laser's memory time in relation to the results is discussed. A mechanism for the improved mode-locking observed with non-linear external cavities is suggested.