Ca掺杂ZnO氧化物的电子结构与电性能研究

基于密度泛函理论广义梯度近似第一性原理计算的方法,系统研究了Ca掺杂ZnO氧化物的晶格结构和电子结构,在此基础上分析了其电学性能.结果表明,Ca掺杂ZnO晶胞减小.Ca掺杂氧化物仍为直接带隙半导体材料,带宽达1.5 eV.掺杂体系费米能级附近的能带主要由Cas态、Cap态、Znp态和Op态电子构成,其中p态电子对价带态贡献最大,且Cas态、Znp态和Op态电子之间存在着更强的相互作用.Ca掺杂ZnO氧化物费米能级EF附近载流子浓度增加,运动速度减小,有效质量增加,导电机构为Cas态、Znp态和Op态电子在价带与导带的跃迁,具有更高的电导率,较高的Seebeck系数和综合电性能.     

Mg掺杂对CaMnO3基热电氧化物电子结构及电性能的影响研究

采用超软赝势密度泛函理论计算的方法研究了Mg掺杂Ca位CaMnO3基复合氧化物的能带结构、电子态密度和电荷分布状况,在此基础上分析了Mg掺杂氧化物的电性能.结果表明,Mg掺杂CaMnO3氧化物仍然呈间接带隙型能带结构,带隙宽度由0.756eV减小到0.734eV.CaMnO3氧化物和Mg掺杂CaMnO3氧化物的自旋态密度曲线极值点均位于为-0.8eV附近.Mg掺杂CaMnO3氧化物中Mn原子对体系费米面态密度的贡献有所减小,O原子和Ca原子对体系费米面态密度的贡献有所增大.Mg原子比Ca原子具有更强的释放电子的能力,Mg掺杂对于CaMnO3氧化物属于电子型掺杂.Mg掺杂CaMnO3氧化物导电性能增强,电性能提高.     

压强效应下Ba2YNbO6的弹性性质与电子结构的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法,计算了不同压强下立方结构双钙钛矿氧化物Ba2YNbO6的弹性性质与电子结构.计算结果表明:平衡状态下Ba2YNbO6为延展性材料,且延展性随压强的增大而提高;弹性常数,弹性模量和泊松比均随压强的增大近线性增大;Ba2YNbO6为直接带隙半导体,平衡状态下带隙宽度为2.55 eV,且带隙值随压强的增大而减小;费米面附近的能带主要由O 2p,Nb 4d和Y 4d层的电子态密度确定,增大压强使态密度峰有偏离费米面的趋势,并且态密度展宽,峰发生劈裂.     

MnGa合金体的电子结构与磁性质的研究

基于密度泛函理论方法系统研究了四方结构MnGa合金体的结构、形成、电子结构和磁性质。结果表明,四方MnGa合金晶胞的生成焓为-4.85 eV,高于一些不含d电子的体系。其呈现导体的能带结构,其中d电子主要形成深能级价带,定域性最强。四方MnGa合金存在着明显的自旋极化,靠近费米能级两侧的s电子和靠近费米能级下方的p电子具有较弱的自旋极化。形成浅能级价带和导带的d电子产生高强度的自旋极化,对磁性质贡献较大。Mn的s电子和Mn的p电子自旋极化作用较弱,Mn的d电子形成浅能级价带和导带,自旋极化作用最强。形成深能级价带的Ga的d电子自旋极化作用较弱,不同位置的Ga原子的自旋极化不同。四方MnGa合金体具有净有效磁矩,呈弱的亚铁磁性。     

电场对氧化镍电子结构的影响

采用超软赝势电子平面波密度泛函理论的方法研究了立方相氧化镍不同外电场下的电子结构.结果表明,立方相氧化镍的晶格参数和对称性保持不变,共价键的成分增强;体系总能在外电场下增大;其间接带隙宽度在外电场下减小.费米能级附近的态密度和电子浓度在外电场下有增大的趋势.电场作用下,立方相氧化镍价带顶的电子有效质量增大,Ni的d态贡献电子能力减弱,O的p态贡献电子能力有所增强,Ni-O结合键强度增大.     

C-X(X=Y,Zr)共掺杂SnO2电子结构的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理方法研究了C单掺杂SnO2和C-X(X=Y,Zr)共掺杂SnO2的能带结构、态密度以及分电荷分布.结果表明:C掺杂、C-Y、C-Zr共掺杂SnO2的带隙值分别为1.109 eV、1.86 eV、1.214 eV,较超胞结构的带隙值降低,有利于电子的跃迁;C-Y共掺杂SnO2的导带底部有3条杂质能级分离出来,C-Zr共掺杂SnO2的能带价带顶部能级中有3条能级分离出来,其中1条能级贯穿费米能级;C-Y,C-Zr共掺杂SnO2的态密度中在低能区会产生1个态密度峰值,部分态密度的峰值由Y、Zr的d轨道贡献;C-Y、C-Zr共掺杂SnO2会打破SnO2电子平衡状态,致使电荷的重新分布.     

各向异性压力对ZnS晶体结构和电子性能的影响研究

基于电子平面波密度泛函理论的方法研究分析了闪锌矿结构ZnS在未受压力和沿a,b和c轴方向上受0.5 GPa小压力条件下的晶体结构和电子性质.结果表明闪锌矿ZnS在0.5 GPa的不同方向小压力作用下,晶胞参数均发生增大,表现出较为明显的压力膨胀效应.压力对ZnS晶体结构的影响是各向异性的,其对ZnS晶体c轴方向的影响最大,压力作用下Zn-S键长也均增大.ZnS体系在0.5 GPa压力下稳定性增强,其在a轴受压力作用下能量最低.在a轴,b轴和c轴方向施加相同压力之后,ZnS的带隙宽度由2.059 eV分别减小到1.683 eV,1.681 eV和1.681 eV,但是其带隙类型未发生变化.ZnS材料体系中的p态电子对费米能级附近的贡献程度最高,而s态和d态电子对费米能级处的贡献程度均较低.     

Na掺杂对TiO2基材料电子结构、电子迁移特性及光吸收性质的影响

在赝势法密度泛函理论的基础上,系统研究了Na掺杂对TiO2基材料电子结构、载流子迁移和光吸收性质的影响.纯的TiO2基晶态材料呈现宽的直接带隙,其带隙宽度达2.438 eV,Na掺杂降低了TiO2基晶态材料的带隙至1.976 eV.纯的TiO2电子主要形成五个能带,而Na掺杂TiO2主要形成七个能带.TiO2材料的载流子迁移率较Na掺杂TiO2材料高,而Na掺杂TiO2材料载流子有效质量较TiO2的高.Na掺杂在TiO2材料价带中引入空穴和新的能级.Na掺杂大大提高了TiO2材料的载流子浓度,Ti中的p态电子,Na中的p态电子和O中的p态电子在导电过程中起着关键作用.Na掺杂TiO2材料的低能量光吸收限降低.     

Mn掺杂InP(111)-In极化面电子结构与磁性的第一性原理研究

本文利用密度泛函的广义梯度近似研究了Mn掺杂InP(111)-In极化面的电子结构与磁学性质.研究结果表明,随着Mn原子的掺杂位置靠近In极化面,Mn原子掺杂的形成能逐渐降低.并且所有Mn掺杂表面模型均表现出稀磁半导体特征.其原因主要在于费米能级附近的Mn-3d自旋态密度具有不对称性.通过对Mn不同掺杂位置的电子态密度、费米能级及Mn原子氧化态的对比分析发现,Mn原子的表面掺杂引起了In极化面的表面原子重构.通过对形成能与净磁矩的分析发现,所有掺杂在表面层的Mn原子的氧化态都是Mn2+.另外,随着Mn原子掺杂位置上移,费米能级向低能级方向移动,表面体系表现出明显的的P型半导体特征.     

Mn掺杂半金属铁磁体Fe2Si电磁特性的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论第一性原理的贋势平面波方法,计算了不同比例Mn掺杂Fe2-xMnxSi体系的电子结构和磁学特性,分析了不同比例Mn掺杂对Fe2-xMnxSi体系电磁特性的影响.计算结果表明:不同比例Mn掺杂Fe2-xMnxSi体系是铁磁体,自旋向上的能带结构穿过费米面表现金属特性,未掺杂Fe2Si的半金属隙为0.164eV;掺杂比例为8.3;时,自旋向下部分转变为L间的直接带隙半导体,Fe2-xMnxSi(x=0.17)体系呈现半金属特性;掺杂比例为12.5;时,自旋向下部分转变为A间的直接带隙半导体,Fe2-xMnxSi(x=0.25)体系呈现半金属特性;掺杂比例为25;时,自旋向下部分的带隙值接近于0,Fe2-xMnxSi(x=0.5)体系呈现金属特性.Mn掺杂使Fe2-xMnxSi体系的能带结构和电子态密度向低能方向移动,费米能级落入自旋向下的禁带之中,使得自旋极化率达到100;.Fe2-xMnxSi体系的半金属性和磁性主要来源于Fe-3d电子与Mn-3d电子之间的d-d交换,Si-3p电子与Fe-3d电子之间的p-d杂化.这些结果为半金属铁磁体Fe2Si的电磁调控提供了有效的理论指导.     

(C2N2H10)2Mg(HP2O7)2·2H2O synthesis and crystal structure

(C₂N₂H₁₀)₂Mg(HP₂O₇)₂·2H₂O, is a new inorganic organic hybrid structure. It has been synthetized using wet chemistry. Its crystal structure consists of cis- and trans-edge sharing [MgO₄(H₂O)₂] octahedra resulting in chains, which are linked via [HP₂O₇] units to form [Mg(HP₂O₇)₂(H₂O)₂]⁴⁻ layers. The Mg²⁺ cations and the ethylendiammonium cations are located on centers of inversion. The ethylendiammonium cations are alternately located in the interlayer space. The cohesion of the crystal is well ensured by coulombic interactions between anions and cations and by several hydrogen bonds. The diphosphate anion shows an eclipsed conformation.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

Ultraviolet Absorption of Hg2Cl2-and Hg2Br2 Single Crystals

The optical unpolarized absorption spectra of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals were measured in the spectral range 230–400 nm. A sharp exciton peak and other absorption bands of both halides were observed near the fundamental absorption edge. The absorption peaks due to the splitting of the halogen doublet were also observed. Positions of the exciton peaks are characteristic for the Frenkel (localized) type of excitons. Possible interpretations of the other observed bands are discussed.     

Elastic properties of the dithionates Na2S2O6 · 2 H2O,K2S2O6, Rb2S2O6, CaS2O6 · 4H2O and SrS2O6 · 4 H2O

Single crystals of the title compounds having optical quality and dimensions of several cm were grown from aqueous solutions. The elastic and thermoelastic constants were determined from ultrasonic resonance frequencies of thick plates. The true point symmetry of K₂S₂O₆ and Rb₂S₂O₆, which is screened by a hexagonal hypermorphy, could be clearly revealed to be trigonal (32) by the existence of the elastic constant c₁₄. In the case of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O the constant c₁₄ of the specimens appeared too small to confirm the trigonal symmetry group required from electrooptic and non-linear optic effects unambiguously. The isotypy of K₂S₂O₂ and Rb₂S₂O₆ as well as that of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O is confirmed by their elastic behaviour. The mean elastic stiffness of dithionates is closely related to that of the corresponding sulphates. In the vicinity of the second-order phase transition of K₂S₂O₆ near 235 K weak anomalies of the temperature derivatives of the longitudinal elastic stiffnesses are observed.     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Crystal structure of bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate, [C6H5CH2CHCH2CH2NH2CH2CH2]2HPO4·5H2O

The salt bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate is orthorhombic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 11.235(2) Å, b = 27.924(6) Å, c = 9.321(4) Å space group Pca2₁ with Z = 4. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and refined to final R value of 0.049 for 1802 independent reflections. The flack parameter is 0.14 with an e.s.d. of 0.23. The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional [110] planes built of mutually connected ions and water molecules by strong O—H,...,O and N—H,...,O hydrogen bonding. There are no contacts other than normal van der Waals interactions between the layers.     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical Properties of MnIn2S2Se2 Single Crystals

Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra of MnIn₂S₂Se₂ single crystals are measured in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 30 μm. The interference method is used to determine the refractive index of the compound for wavelengths between 0.8 and 12 μm. From an analysis of the absorption spectrum it follows that the fundamental edge is due to forbidden indirect transitions between parabolic bands for the polarization E ⊥ c with a gap energy of 1.50 eV at room temperature.     

Oxygen-conducting compounds with La2Mo2O9 structure in the ternary system La2Mo2O9-Sm2W2O9-Sm2Mo2O 9 + : Synthesis and properties

Polycrystalline samples in the ternary system La₂Mo₂O₉-Sm₂W₂O₉-Sm₂Mo₂O ₉ ⁺ were synthesized in air. The region of the existence of compounds with the lanthanum molybdate (La₂Mo₂O₉) structure in this system was determined. The polymorphism of the synthesized compounds was studied. Doping with samarium or with samarium and tungsten was shown to lead to the suppression of the transition between the monoclinic and cubic phases α → β and the appearance of the transition β _ms → β between two cubic phases. In samples with a high samarium content, the phase transition β _ms → β manifests itself as significant anomalies in the temperature dependences of the dielectric permeability and electric conductivity. An increase in the concentration of samarium in the samples leads to a substantial decrease in the conductivity compared with the nondoped compound La₂Mo₂O₉.