B2O3-CuO-Li2CO3对CSLST陶瓷微波介电性能影响的研究

研究了添加5;B2O3-CuO基础上再添加不同含量的Li2CO3 复合烧结助剂对(Ca0.9375Sr0.0625)0.3(Li0.5Sm0.5)0.7TiO3 (CSLST)陶瓷的烧结行为及微波介电性能的影响.研究结果表明:添加复合烧结助剂的陶瓷烧结后其晶相仍呈斜方钙钛矿结构.在不劣化微波介电性能的条件下,陶瓷的烧结温度可降至950 ℃,随Li2CO3含量的增加,添加复合烧结助剂的CSLST陶瓷的体积密度和介电常数εr 逐渐降低.当Li2CO3添加量为0.5 ;时,在950 ℃保温5 h,所制得的陶瓷具有优良的微波介电性能:εr=84.7,Qf=1929 GHz,τf=28.76×10-6 /℃.     

B2O3掺杂对0.69CaTiO3-0.31LaAlO3微波介质陶瓷的性能影响

采用固相反应法,研究了B2O3对0.69CaTiO3-0.31LaAlO3微波介质陶瓷烧结性能与介电性能的影响.通过X射线衍射分析表明,B2O3的引入未改变陶瓷的晶相组成.添加适量B2O3的可有效的降低0.69CaTiO3-0.31LaAlO3介电陶瓷的烧结温度,增强致密性并提高介电性能.在1500℃烧结温度,B2O3掺杂量为0.3wt;时,0.69CaTiO3-0.31LaAlO3陶瓷获得最佳介电性能:εr≈45.4,Qf≈52800 GHz,τf≈8.78 ppm/℃.     

Li2CO3掺杂对0.94Mg2SiO4-0.06Ca0.9Sr0.1TiO3陶瓷微波介电性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法,研究了Li2CO3掺杂对0.94Mg2SiO4-0.06Ca0.9Sr01TiO3微波介质陶瓷的烧结性能和介电性能的影响.结果表明,烧结助剂Li2 CO3的引入未改变陶瓷的相组成.添加适量的Li2CO3可以促进烧结,烧结温度由1440℃降低到1355℃,而且介电性能也得到了优化,Q ×f值有明显的提高;过量Li2CO3的引入,降低了材料的致密性,增加了陶瓷的介电损耗.在1355℃烧结,保温3h,添加0.50wt; Li2 CO3的0.94Mg2SiO4-0.06Ca09Sr0.1TiO3陶瓷获得最佳的介电性能:εr=7.96,Q×f=96409 GHz(f=14.571 GHz),τf=+4.62 ppm/℃.     

ZnO-B2O3玻璃对0.95(Mg0.9Zn0.1)TiO3-0.05CaTiO3陶瓷烧结特性和微波介电性能的影响

采用传统的固相烧结工艺制备0.95(Mg0.9Zn0.1) TiO3-0.05CaTiO3陶瓷.研究了ZnO-B2O3玻璃掺杂对0.95(Mg0.9Zn0.1)TiO3-0.05CaTiO3陶瓷烧结特性、晶相成分、微观结构和微波介电性能的影响.适量的ZnO-B2O3玻璃掺杂能有效地降低烧结温度,促进致密化,从而提高微波介电性能.随着烧结温度的升高,密度、介电常数εr和Q×f值均达到最大值之后再逐渐减小.当ZnO-B2O3玻璃添加量为5wt;时,0.95(Mg0.9Zn0.1) TiO3-0.05CaTiO3陶瓷在1075℃烧结3h,获得最佳微波介电性能:εr=19.5,Q×f=62100 GHz,τf=-13 ppm/℃.     

Al2O3掺杂对微波介质陶瓷Ca0.16Sr0.04Li0.4Nd0.4TiO3烧结特性和微波介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法在1300℃烧结4h得到了致密的具有钙钛矿结构的Ca0.16Sr0.04Li0.4Nd0.4TiO3微波介质陶瓷.通过X射线衍射仪、扫瞄电子显微镜和矢量网络分析仪系统的研究了不同含量Al2O3掺杂对Ca0.16Sr0.04Li0.4Nd0.4TiO3(CSLNT)陶瓷的烧结行为、晶体结构、显微形貌以及微波介电性能的影响.结果表明,对于CSLNT+ xwt;Al2O3陶瓷,随着Al2O3掺杂量的增加,介电常数(εr)有轻微的降低,而温度系数(τf)有所增加;由于第二相的出现导致了品质因子(Q·f)先增后减.当Al2O3掺杂量为2wt;时,其介电性能最佳的致密化烧结温度为1200℃,此时具有最佳的微波介电性能:εr=112.6,Q·f=1698 GHz和τf=31.9 ppm/℃.     

Al2O3加入量对AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷制备及性能的影响

以AlN和Al2O3为原料,Y2O3为烧结助剂,N2气氛下在1650 ℃下热压烧结制备出了AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷;采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等对复相材料的相组成、显微结构进行表征.研究了Al2O3加入量对AlN-Al2O3复相材料的强度、热导率和介电性能的影响.结果表明,Al2O3加入量的增加可促进材料的烧结致密化和抑制AlN基体晶粒的生长.Al2O3含量为20 wt;和30 wt;时可制得致密的AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷.Al2O3利用其高强度和弥散强化作用对AlN基体起到了明显的增强效果.随着Al2O3加入量的增加,试样的抗弯强度显著提高,热导率和介电性能也得到改善.加入30 wt; Al2O3的复相陶瓷的抗弯强度和热导率达到最大值457 Mpa和57 W/(m·K),介电常数和介电损耗达到最低值9.32和2.6×10-4.当Al2O3含量达到40 wt;以后,材料中部分AlN与Al2O3反应生成AlON,从而使材料的抗弯强度、热导率和介电性能又明显下降.     

掺杂和包覆H3BO3对BZN陶瓷烧结和介电性能的影响

以Bi2O3、ZnO和Nb2O5粉末为原料,通过固相反应合成了以(Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Zn0.5Nb1.5)O7(BZN)为主晶相的陶瓷.分别以液相包覆法和固相混合法引入助烧剂B2O3降低BZN的烧结温度.研究了B2O3对BZN陶瓷的烧结和介电性能的影响.结果表明,液相包覆B2O3后,BZN陶瓷的烧结温度从1100℃降至900℃.H3BO3溶液的浓度为0.9 mol/L,900℃烧结3h所制BZN陶瓷的介电性能良好:εr=150,Q×f=228,τf=-362 ppm/.     

Zn0.99Cu0.01Al2O4-TiO2基微波介质陶瓷的研究

以分析纯ZnO、CuO、Al2O3以及TiO2为原料,采用传统固相法制备了(1-x)Zn0.99Cu0.01Al2O4-xTiO2(ZCAT,x=0-0.25)微波介质陶瓷.研究了不同TiO2的添加量对ZCAT陶瓷烧结性能、晶相组成、显微结构以及微波介电性能的影响.研究结果表明:Zn0.99Cu0.01Al2O4与TiO2以两相的形式共存,不会形成固溶体;烧结温度随着TiO2添加量的增大显著降低;ZCAT陶瓷的体积密度、品质因数随着TiO2含量的增多而减小,介电常数则随着TiO2含量的增多而增大,添加适量TiO2将ZCAT陶瓷的频率温度系数调节至近零.当x=0.23时,陶瓷可在1380℃烧结3h后获得最佳的微波介电性能:介电常数εr=11.4,品质因数Q ×f=38155 GHz以及谐振频率温度系数Υf=-2.4×106/℃.     

0.2wt% Bi2O3、CuO、B2O3对5Ca0.6La0.267TiO3-5Ca(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3微波介质陶瓷的性能影响

采用传统的固相反应法,研究了三种烧结助剂Bi2O3、CuO、B2O3对5Ca0.6La0.267TiO3-5Ca(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3微波介质陶瓷的烧结性能和介电性能的影响。实验结果表明,掺入0.2wt%的Bi2O3、CuO、B2O3产生了液相,有效地降低了体系的烧结温度。Bi2O3和CuO的加入没有改变烧结体的微观形貌,它们介电常数和品质因数随烧结温度的变化趋势和体积密度趋于一致,均在体积密度最大时最高。当温度大于1300℃时,加入0.2wt%B2O3试样有柱状晶体生成,并随着烧结温度的升高而增多,柱状晶体的存在可能促使Q×f值较大的提高,当烧结温度过高时(1350℃),由于柱状晶体过多使得烧结体不均匀导致Q×f值下降。Bi2O3、CuO、B2O3的加入没有改变烧结体的晶相组成,因此所有烧结体均有近零的温度系数。结果表明,加入0.2wt%B2O3的5Ca0.6La0.267TiO3-5Ca(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3在1325℃烧结温度具有最佳的介电性能:εr=54.87,Q×f=55 726 GHz,τf=-0.6 ppm/℃。     

(1-x)ZnO-xMgO-TiO_2-SnO_2(x=0.1~0.2)高频介电陶瓷的制备、结构与介电性能

采用氧化物固相烧结法制备了不同摩尔比的(Zn_(1-x)Mg_x)(Ti_(0.8)Sn_(0.2))O_3(x=0.1~0.2)高频介电陶瓷,研究了陶瓷的微观结构和介电性能。结果表明:烧结温度超过1000℃时,陶瓷中均形成了立方尖晶石结构的固溶相(Zn,Mg)2(Ti,Sn)O4。当烧结温度为1100℃时的陶瓷致密程度最高;当烧结温度为1200℃且x=0.15时,在10 MHz测试频率下获得了陶瓷的最佳介电性能,其介电常数ε=28.65,介电损耗tanδ=1.02×10-3,满足高频介电陶瓷的使用要求。     

(C2N2H10)2Mg(HP2O7)2·2H2O synthesis and crystal structure

(C₂N₂H₁₀)₂Mg(HP₂O₇)₂·2H₂O, is a new inorganic organic hybrid structure. It has been synthetized using wet chemistry. Its crystal structure consists of cis- and trans-edge sharing [MgO₄(H₂O)₂] octahedra resulting in chains, which are linked via [HP₂O₇] units to form [Mg(HP₂O₇)₂(H₂O)₂]⁴⁻ layers. The Mg²⁺ cations and the ethylendiammonium cations are located on centers of inversion. The ethylendiammonium cations are alternately located in the interlayer space. The cohesion of the crystal is well ensured by coulombic interactions between anions and cations and by several hydrogen bonds. The diphosphate anion shows an eclipsed conformation.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

Ultraviolet Absorption of Hg2Cl2-and Hg2Br2 Single Crystals

The optical unpolarized absorption spectra of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals were measured in the spectral range 230–400 nm. A sharp exciton peak and other absorption bands of both halides were observed near the fundamental absorption edge. The absorption peaks due to the splitting of the halogen doublet were also observed. Positions of the exciton peaks are characteristic for the Frenkel (localized) type of excitons. Possible interpretations of the other observed bands are discussed.     

Elastic properties of the dithionates Na2S2O6 · 2 H2O,K2S2O6, Rb2S2O6, CaS2O6 · 4H2O and SrS2O6 · 4 H2O

Single crystals of the title compounds having optical quality and dimensions of several cm were grown from aqueous solutions. The elastic and thermoelastic constants were determined from ultrasonic resonance frequencies of thick plates. The true point symmetry of K₂S₂O₆ and Rb₂S₂O₆, which is screened by a hexagonal hypermorphy, could be clearly revealed to be trigonal (32) by the existence of the elastic constant c₁₄. In the case of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O the constant c₁₄ of the specimens appeared too small to confirm the trigonal symmetry group required from electrooptic and non-linear optic effects unambiguously. The isotypy of K₂S₂O₂ and Rb₂S₂O₆ as well as that of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O is confirmed by their elastic behaviour. The mean elastic stiffness of dithionates is closely related to that of the corresponding sulphates. In the vicinity of the second-order phase transition of K₂S₂O₆ near 235 K weak anomalies of the temperature derivatives of the longitudinal elastic stiffnesses are observed.     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Crystal structure of bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate, [C6H5CH2CHCH2CH2NH2CH2CH2]2HPO4·5H2O

The salt bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate is orthorhombic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 11.235(2) Å, b = 27.924(6) Å, c = 9.321(4) Å space group Pca2₁ with Z = 4. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and refined to final R value of 0.049 for 1802 independent reflections. The flack parameter is 0.14 with an e.s.d. of 0.23. The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional [110] planes built of mutually connected ions and water molecules by strong O—H,...,O and N—H,...,O hydrogen bonding. There are no contacts other than normal van der Waals interactions between the layers.     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Optical Properties of MnIn2S2Se2 Single Crystals

Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra of MnIn₂S₂Se₂ single crystals are measured in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 30 μm. The interference method is used to determine the refractive index of the compound for wavelengths between 0.8 and 12 μm. From an analysis of the absorption spectrum it follows that the fundamental edge is due to forbidden indirect transitions between parabolic bands for the polarization E ⊥ c with a gap energy of 1.50 eV at room temperature.     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Oxygen-conducting compounds with La2Mo2O9 structure in the ternary system La2Mo2O9-Sm2W2O9-Sm2Mo2O 9 + : Synthesis and properties

Polycrystalline samples in the ternary system La₂Mo₂O₉-Sm₂W₂O₉-Sm₂Mo₂O ₉ ⁺ were synthesized in air. The region of the existence of compounds with the lanthanum molybdate (La₂Mo₂O₉) structure in this system was determined. The polymorphism of the synthesized compounds was studied. Doping with samarium or with samarium and tungsten was shown to lead to the suppression of the transition between the monoclinic and cubic phases α → β and the appearance of the transition β _ms → β between two cubic phases. In samples with a high samarium content, the phase transition β _ms → β manifests itself as significant anomalies in the temperature dependences of the dielectric permeability and electric conductivity. An increase in the concentration of samarium in the samples leads to a substantial decrease in the conductivity compared with the nondoped compound La₂Mo₂O₉.