Co掺杂改性CaTi2O4(OH)2纳米片的溶剂热制备及电化学性能

利用无水氯化钙-钛酸四正丁酯-无水乙醇体系,通过掺杂Co元素,用溶剂热法制备了CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的显微结构进行检测分析,并利用CHI660E电化学工作站测试掺杂样品电化学性能,研究掺入Co元素对CaTi2O4 (OH)2样品的物相结构、微观形貌以及其电化学性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着钴离子掺入量增加样品的比电容先增加后减小,当Co掺杂量为2;样品的电化学性能最优,且在10 mA/cm2的工作电流密度下,其比电容为496.3 F·g-1.     

高锰酸钾对石墨烯及石墨烯-CaTi2O4(OH)2复合材料电化学性能的影响

由于CaTi2O4(OH)2导电性较差,为进一步提升CaTi2O4(OH)2电化学性能,将具有优异导电性的石墨烯材料与之复合.采用C为原料,H2 SO4为插层剂,KMnO4为氧化剂还原制得石墨烯,将两者复合制备石墨烯-CaTi2 O4(OH)2复合材料.研究高锰酸钾用量对石墨烯-CaTi2O4(OH)2复合材料电化学性能的影响.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的显微结构、形貌进行检测分析,采用恒电流充放电(CP)和循环伏安(CV)等技术测试其电化学性能.实验结果表明:当高锰酸钾用量5 g时,可以制备出氧化、还原程度良好,电化学性能优异的石墨烯,与CaTi2O4(OH)2复合制得样品电极,其电化学性能最优,在5 A/g的工作电流密度下,样品比电容高达394.2 F·g-1是纯CaTi2O4(OH)2电容值(162 F·g-1)的2.43倍.     

C3N4-CaTi2O4(OH)2复合粉体的溶剂热制备及光催化性能

利用无水氯化钙-钛酸四正丁酯-无水乙醇体系,通过加入一定摩尔配比的C3N4粉体用溶剂热法制备了C3N4-CaTi2O4(OH)2复合材料粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD),比表面积(BET)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的显微结构进行检测分析,并利用紫外-可见吸收光度计分析了样品对光的吸收特性,研究不同摩尔配比的C3N4粉体复合量对CaTi2O4(OH)2样品的物相结构、微观形貌以及其光催化性能的影响,并考察了不同光源对所制备样品性能的影响.实验结果表明:C3N4粉体的引入显著提高了CaTi2O4(OH)2样品的光催化活性,且当CaTi2O4(OH)2:C3N4物质的量之比为1:0.75时,复合样品的光催化降解率在250nm光源照射下K可达到最大值0.02338min-1.     

Nb掺杂下CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构的溶剂热制备及光催化性能研究

利用无水氯化钙-钛酸四正丁酯-无水乙醇体系,通过掺杂Nb用溶剂热法制备了CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构.利用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积测试仪(BET)对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计分析了样品对光的吸收特性,研究掺人不同Nb量对CaTi2O4(OH)2样品的物相结构、微观形貌以及其光催化性能的影响,并考察了不同光源对所制备样品性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着Nb掺杂量的增加,样品的结晶度逐渐增加,当Nb掺杂量为6;时,CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构结晶度达到最大值75.92;,此时在光源250 nm照射下光催化性能达到最优,进一步增加Nb掺杂量8;,光催化性能随之降低.这主要是样品的结晶度、能级和比表面积减小成为主导因素.     

CaTi2O4(OH)2在不同NaOH体积下的结构分析与光催化性能研究

采用水热法改变NaOH体积制备了不同形貌的CaTi2O4(OH)2粉体,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行了微观结构分析,并利用紫外-可见吸收测试仪对样品的吸收边进行了测试与分析.研究不同NaOH体积对CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构的发育与生长、产率和光催化性能的影响.结果表明:随着NaOH体积的增加,有利于CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构的发育与生长,并在(040)、(251)、(371)晶面上具有择优生长的习性,使得CaTi2O4(OH)2产率可达到94.2;.然而,所制备样品的光吸收与光催化性能却随着NaOH体积的增加反而降低.当加入2.4 mL NaOH所制备样品在紫外可见光下120 min对罗丹明B的分解率达到93.7;.     

CaTi_2O_4(OH)_2片状结构向CaTiO_3片状结构转化及其性能研究

通过控制水含量,用水热法制备了CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构。通过对水含量为50 mol条件下所制备的CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构煅烧来制备CaTiO3片状结构。当热处理温度≤400℃,CaTi2O4(OH)2纳米片状结构稳定存在。当热处理温度为650℃和750℃,制备了CaTiO3片状结构。采用XRD、SEM和TEM等测试方法对片状结构进行表征,并对CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构向CaTiO3片状结构转化的反应过程和形成机理进行分析。在热处理温度400℃时,样品的首次放电比容量最大,可达到168.5 mAh/g。当热处理温度继续升高到650℃和750℃,样品的首次充放电容量分别为18.9 mAh/g和5 mAh/g。这说明发育完善的CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构有利于电化学过程中离子的嵌入和脱出。     

水热反应温度对CaTi2O4(OH)2粉体微观形貌与紫外光催化性能的影响

以钛酸正丁酯和无水氯化钙为原料,采用水热法制备了不同紫外光催化特性的CaTi2O4(OH)2粉体.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的相结构和微观形貌进行了分析,并结合粉体的紫外-可见吸收分光光谱表征了材料的吸收特性及带隙宽度.研究了不同水热反应温度对CaTi2O4(OH)2物相结构、微观形貌、晶体生长特性及紫外光催化性能的影响.结果表明:水热反应温度控制在160~200 ℃时,保温36 h都能得到纯的CaTi2O4(OH)2相,粉体的形貌随着水热反应温度的提高经历了由片状和颗粒垛堆到发育成完整的片状形貌过程,当水热反应温度在200 ℃时,片与片之间出现积聚现象;在水热反应温度为180 ℃时,制备的粉体具有最高的结晶度,在紫外光5 h下对罗丹明B的催化效率最佳.     

不同填充溶剂对CaTi2O4(OH)2形貌及其光催化性能的影响

利用水热法通过改变填充溶剂的种类制备了不同形貌的CaTi2 O4(OH)2粉体.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对粉体的相结构和微观形貌进行了分析,并结合粉体在紫外-可见吸收光下对罗丹明B的吸附率及光降解率进行了表征.研究了不同填充溶剂对CaTi2 O4 (OH)2的相结构、微观形貌、能带宽度以及光催化性能的影响.结果表明:乙醇和乙二醇作为填充溶剂时会抑制晶体的生长和发育,可获得纳米线状或团状CaTi2 O4 (OH)2粉体,对罗丹明B表现出较佳的吸附特性;无填充溶剂以及以水和环己烷分别作为填充溶剂可获得具有片状结构的CaTi2O4(OH)2粉体.填充环己烷能够促进CaTi2O4(OH)2相的生长和发育,结晶度最高达到了78.04;,在紫外可见光3h下对罗丹明B降解率达到91.6;.     

不同钙源种类对CaTi2O5粒子的光催化性能影响

采用溶剂热法制备了CaTi2O5微纳结构.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积分析仪(BET)对样品进行了表征,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计分析样品对光的吸收特性,研究不同钙源种类对CaTi2O5样品的物相、微观形貌及光催化性能的影响.结果表明:CaTi2O5样品更有利于降解甲基橙溶液.钙源为CaCl2所制备的CaTi2O5样品的结晶度高、颗粒大小均匀,具有低的反射率和高的吸收率,高的比表面积(112.34 m2·g-1),因此样品呈现出较高的光催化性能.     

溶剂热合成Co(OH)2/活性炭复合电极材料及其电化学性能研究

以Co(NO3)2·6H2O,CO(NH2)2和活性炭(AC)为原料,利用溶剂热法合成了Co(OH) 2/AC复合电极材料.X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱和热重分析显示,产物是约为2 μm无定形的Co(OH)2薄片状粒子与AC颗粒复合.电化学测试表明,在6 mol/L KOH电解液中电流密度为1A·g-1时,电极材料的比电容达301F·g-1,倍率特性良好(164 F·g-1,20 A·g-1);比电容值比AC和Co(OH)2分别提高了89;和35;.复合材料电化学性能提升源自于高导电性活性炭和高赝电容比容量Co(OH)2间的协同作用.     

Ultraviolet Absorption of Hg2Cl2-and Hg2Br2 Single Crystals

The optical unpolarized absorption spectra of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals were measured in the spectral range 230–400 nm. A sharp exciton peak and other absorption bands of both halides were observed near the fundamental absorption edge. The absorption peaks due to the splitting of the halogen doublet were also observed. Positions of the exciton peaks are characteristic for the Frenkel (localized) type of excitons. Possible interpretations of the other observed bands are discussed.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

Optical Properties of MnIn2S2Se2 Single Crystals

Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra of MnIn₂S₂Se₂ single crystals are measured in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 30 μm. The interference method is used to determine the refractive index of the compound for wavelengths between 0.8 and 12 μm. From an analysis of the absorption spectrum it follows that the fundamental edge is due to forbidden indirect transitions between parabolic bands for the polarization E ⊥ c with a gap energy of 1.50 eV at room temperature.     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Dissociation of LiAlO2 and LiGaO2

The thermodynamic calculations of dissociation of LiAlO₂ and LiGaO₂ as function of temperature and oxygen pressure are presented. It has been found that LiGaO₂ evaporates congruently at the melting point under the oxygen pressure equal to 1 · 10^—5 atm. LiAlO₂ evaporates incongruently, the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure at the melting point is equal to 9.6 · 10^—5 atm and the partial pressure of Li and Al oxides decrease with increasing of oxygen pressure.     

The Improvement of Superconductivity in PbxBi2-xSr2CaCu2Oy

In this paper we present the results of recent studies on the improvement of superconductivity in Pb_xBi_2-xSr₂CaCu₂O_y single crystals by preventing impurities incorporation, employing ZrO₂ crucible for crystal growth and post annealing the as-grown crystals in vacuum or argon. It is realized that the superconductivity of as-grown crystals is improved.     

Ru掺杂MoS2对SO2F2和H2S气体吸附的第一性原理研究

本文基于第一性原理探讨了Ru掺杂的单层MoS₂(Ru-MoS₂)的结构及其对SF₆绝缘设备中的两种主要分解气体SO₂F₂和H₂S的传感和吸附行为。Ru原子进入硫空位从而产生Ru-MoS₂,结果表明,Ru-MoS₂对SO₂F₂和H₂S气体的吸附能(E_ad)分别为-1.52和-2.11 eV,属于化学吸附。通过能带分析(BS)和态密度(DOS)分析进一步证明了两个体系的吸附性能,并阐述了Ru-MoS₂用于电阻式气体传感器时的气体吸附传感机制。除此之外,本文在理论上探索了不同温度下Ru-MoS₂解吸附SO₂F₂和H₂S的恢复时间,在598 K温度下,SO₂F₂吸附体系的恢复时间为6...     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)