基于物理的变形曲线在结构形状优化中的应用

用各向异性模型定义NURBS曲线的变形能,基于所提出的变形能模型,用有限元法对NURBS曲线表达的设计边界进行模态计算,然后,将设计边界用模态向量的线性组合参数化表示。将这种基于边界特征向量的几何形状表示方法应用于优化参数定义．提出了一种适用于结构形状优化的自适应几何精化方法,它有效地将户型有限元分析、优化方法和设计边界的形状表达集成在一起。     

基于虚荷载变量的形状优化和灵敏度分析

基于选择施加在结构“控制点”上的虚荷载作为优化设计变量,针对一种新的承受约束的形状优化数值方法进行了研究。借助于节点位移与虚荷载之间的线性关系,提出了一种新的计算灵敏度系数的解析方法。利用节点移动速度域概念构造了优化新形状产生的计算公式,以结构中节点的最大应力最小化作为优化目标,通过控制网格结点的最大位移量,较好地解决了单元网格在形状优化中的扭曲问题。对三个不同的实例成功地完成了形状优化。     

预锻模具形状优化设计与有限元灵敏度分析

采用刚－粘塑性有限元灵敏度分析方法研究锻造过程的预锻模具形状优化设计问题。表示预锻模具形状的三次Ｂ样条曲线的控制系数用作设计变量。以实际终锻件与理想终锻件的形状差异为目标函数,给出了与设计变量有关的目标函数,节点坐标和节点速度等方面的灵敏度及其数学关系,对于典型的轴对称锻造过程,优化设计的预锻模具形状可获得理想的的终锻件形状,为实现净成形锻造提供了一种有效方法。     

Numerical method for the shape reconstruction of a hard target

IntroductionAninverseproblemofconsiderableimportanceinvariousfieldsofengineeringtechnology ,suchasnondestructivetesting ,medicalimaging ,remotesensingandseismicimaging ,istodeterminetheshapeofascatteringobjectfromitsfar_fieldeffectsontheacousticscatteringwaves.However,thiskindofproblemisparticularlydifficulttosolvesinceitisbothnonlinearandill_posed[1].Fortunately ,therehavebeenseveralmethodsdevelopedforsolvingnumericallytheinverseproblemduringthelastdecade .Ofparticularimportancearenonlinearop…     

广义变分原理的结构形状优化伴随法灵敏度分析

提出了一种利用伴随变量进行结构形状优化灵敏度分析的新方法. 基于广义变分原理， 考虑了形状优化中位移边界条件的变化对结构响应的影响. 新方法弥补了Arora 等人所提出的形状优化灵敏度分析变分原理中的缺陷，为采用伴随法进行灵敏度分析提供了 新的框架.     

基于断面形状优化的地铁车轮减振降噪研究

以降低地铁车辆在运行中产生的轮轨接触噪声为目的,将结构动力优化方法运用于地铁车轮断面外形设计,建立了地铁车轮振动噪声最优化设计的数学模型,编制了相应的算法程序.以我国某地铁车轮为例,给出了以车轮断面外形几何参数为设计变量、车轮结构振动辐射噪声值最小为目标函数的优化计算实例,得到了车轮断面外形几何参数在可行域内的最优解.结果表明,该优化设计方法是成功的,可以有效地降低车轮因振动而产生的噪声.     

基于整体-局部技术的结构形状优化策略

针对大尺度结构局部形状优化设计中的求解效率与精度之间的矛盾,提出了一种基于整体-局部技术的结构形状优化方法.首先,分析并讨论了是否考虑对切割边界的边界条件进行修正的两种优化方案的优缺点.然后,提出了一种将整体-局部技术与无梯度优化法相结合的双循环优化程序.最后,通过一系列实例对双循环优化程序的实用性、效率和结果精度进行了验证分析.结果 表明,提出的基于整体-局部技术的结构形状优化策略对解决大尺度结构局部形状优化问题,无论是在计算效率还是在结果精度方面,都具有很好的效果.     

Three-Dimensional Shape Optimization of Arch Dams with Prescribed Shape Functions*, †

Development and application of shape optimization of double-curved arch dams are presented. A mathematical formulation of arch dam design is described, where design variables, objective function, and constraint functions are defined. The geometrical form of the arch dam and part of its load-carrying foundation are described by three-dimensional hyperelements. Design variables are identified as geometrical parameters of these hyperelements. For static analysis of the dam-foundation system, the finite element method is employed with eight node solid elements and an incompatible displacement function. Elements are automatically generated within the hyperelements in each design step. Four different load cases are considered to account for important design specifications. A complete static sensitivity analysis is performed and used in each design iteration. Partial derivatives of element stresses with respect to all design variables are computed within the finite element context. The optimization problem is solved by sequential linear programming. It is demonstrated that practical three-dimensional shape optimization is feasible and economical.     

结构形状优化与智能模型化

阻碍形状优化软件广泛应用的障碍之一是依据自然设计度量描述和建立设计模型、分析模型、优化模型以及实现三个模型之间的转换.本文称这一困难为结构形状优优设计软件的适用性.本文提出了一种方法用来动态地确定平面连续体结构形状优化过程中的边界,应用基于人工智能方法的启发式规则与技术,自动生成由设计单元法表示的几何模型,也就是将一个结构自动剖分成若干个大的四边形映射单元.这些大单元对于进一步的网络生成是必要的,同时也是向全自动计算机辅助形状优化系统前进的重要一步.     

一种新的形状灵敏度分析方法——具有两类变量的伴随方程法

本文将所考虑的问题视为具有两类独立变量的力学系统,通过建立具有两类变量的伴随系统方程,得到了定义在变化边界上的目标或约束泛函的敏度分析公式,由此建立了完全边界型的形状优化方法。     

具有动应力和动位移约束的离散变量结构形状优化设计方法

讨论了动应力、动位移约束下离散变量状优化设计问题。首先用拟静力算法,将结构惯性力极值作为静载荷施加到结构上,求得结构的动位移和动内力,然后将考虑动应力约束和动作移约束的离散变量结构优化设计问题化为静应力和静位移约束的优化问题。在求解过程中,将单元内力作了一阶近似,并将多约束问题转化为单约束问题,然后利用两类变量统一考虑的离散变量结构形状优化设计的综合算法进行求解。     

悬式绝缘子的形状优化

本文将带自适应运动极限的序列线性规划法应用于悬式绝缘子瓷头的形状优化问题中。建立了优化的数学模型;给出了相应的算法;分析了优化计算的结果;为悬式绝缘子的形状优化设计提供了可行的有效手段。     

两类变量综合处理的结构形状优化设计方法

本文针对截面变量为离散变量为连续变量的结构优化问题提出了一种优化设计的方法,首先将单元内力作一阶近似,利用凝聚函数多约束问题转化了单约束问题。在解过程中,把定义在连续区间上的形状变量看成是在一些离散以值的离工用变量,然后将两类变量统一考虑并利用相对差商法求解。将该算法应用于几个经典的结构优化算例,运算结果显示了该方法是可行的,优化结果也比较满意。     

板壳结构选型优化设计

提出了最佳结构型式概念;证明了结构存在最佳结构型式的充要条件;建立了启发式算法;实例计算证明,选型优化不仅可巧妙地融合形状、拓扑、布局优化的优点,而且计算省、结果可靠。     

Topological shape optimization of power flow problems at high frequencies using level set approach

Using a level set method we develop a topological shape optimization method applied to power flow problems in steady state. Necessary design gradients are computed using an efficient adjoint sensitivity analysis method. The boundaries are implicitly represented by the level set function obtainable from the “Hamilton–Jacobi type” equation with the “Up-wind scheme.” The implicit function is embedded into a fixed initial domain to obtain the finite element response and sensitivity. The developed method defines a Lagrangian function for the constrained optimization. It minimizes a generalized compliance, satisfying the constraint of allowable volume through the variations of implicit boundary. During the optimization, the boundary velocity to integrate the Hamilton–Jacobi equation is obtained from the optimality condition for the Lagrangian function. Compared with the established topology optimization method, the developed one has no numerical instability such as checkerboard problems and easy representation of topological shape variations.     

Shape optimization and its extension to topological design based on isogeometric analysis

In most of structural optimization approaches, finite element method (FEM) has been employed for structural response analysis and sensitivity calculation. However, the approaches generally suffer certain drawbacks. In shape optimization, cumbersome parameterization of design domain is required and time consuming remeshing task is also necessary. In topology optimization, design results are generally restricted on the initial design space and additional post-processing is required for communication with CAD systems. These drawbacks are due to the use of different mathematical languages in design or geometric modeling and numerical analysis: spline basis functions are used in design and geometric modeling whereas Lagrangian and Hermitian polynomials in analysis. Isogeometric analysis is a very attractive and promising alternative to overcome the limitations resulting from the use of the conventional FEM in structural optimization. In isogeometric analysis, the same spline information such as control points and spline basis functions which represent geometries in CAD systems are also used in numerical analysis. Such unification of the mathematical languages in CAD, analysis and design optimization can resolve the issues mentioned above. In this work, structural shape optimization using isogeometric analysis is studied on 2D and shell problems. The proposed framework is extended to topology optimization using trimming techniques. New inner fronts are introduced by trimming spline curves in topology optimization. Trimmed surface analysis which was recently proposed to analyze arbitrary complex topology problems is employed for topology optimization. Some benchmarking problems in shape and topology optimization are treated using the proposed approach.     

Integrated Topology and Shape Optimization in Structural Design∗

ABSTRACT

Structural optimization procedures usually start from a given design topology and vary proportions or boundary shapes to achieve optimality under various constraints. This article presents an approach for initiating formal structural optimization at an earlier stage, where the design topology is rigorously generated in addition to selecting shape and size dimensions. A three-phase design process is discussed. An optimal initial topology is created by a homogenization method as a gray level image. This topology is then transformed to a realizable design using computer vision techniques, parameterized, and treated in detail by size and shape optimization. A fully automated process is described for trusses. Examples for two-dimensional solid structures are also discussed.     

固定网格下基于光滑变形隐式曲线的孔形优化设计方法

孔形优化设计是减缓开孔结构孔边应力集中的有效手段，其对应力分析精度和孔边曲线的几何表达能力都有着较高的要求．论文针对现有固定网格孔形优化方法分析精度较低和/或孔边曲线变形能力有限等不足，采用有限胞元方法在固定网格下对开孔结构进行高精度的力学性能分析，采用能够自由光滑变形的隐式曲线描述待优化的孔洞边界，进而建立优化模型并推导出相应的解析灵敏度计算公式，形成了固定网格下开孔结构孔形优化设计新框架．通过对不同载荷边界条件下的开孔平板结构进行孔形优化设计，表明本方法无需网格更新、灵敏度推导简便、力学分析精度高且优化设计空间大，能够有效降低孔边应力集中程度．     

热结构瞬态响应的耦合灵敏度分析方法与优化设计

研究结构瞬态热变形和热应力的灵敏度分析方法及其优化设计,灵敏度计算给出了直接法和伴随法两种算法.考虑了温度场的耦合作用,在直接法中需要计算温度场对设计变量的导数,在伴随法中需要计算热载荷对温度场的导数.数值算例验证了该方法的精度.伴随法在应用程序中的实现,为大型结构优化提供了高效率的灵敏度计算方法.     

基于风压分布特性的折叠网壳结构形状优化研究Folding reticulated shell structure shape optimization based on wind pressure distribution characteristics

针对风敏感结构折叠网壳存在抗风不利区域和风压梯度变化较大的力学行为,为优化其在风荷载作用下的表面风压分布,降低结构的风致响应,基于流体动力学基本原理和大气边界层基本理论,运用Fluent软件对折叠网壳结构风压分布进行数值模拟的基础性研究,对比风洞试验结果,确定复杂体型结构数值模拟的计算域尺寸、计算域离散和湍流模型等关键参数的选取。在此基础上对8种折叠网壳结构形状优化方案进行分析,得到其分区体型系数和体型系数的标准差,对比结构初始形态表面风压,最终得到具有良好抗风性能的最优方案,化解了结构的不利风压分布。结果表明,C FD数值分析技术能够有效地解决风敏感结构在风荷载作用下的形状优化问题,为结构体型优化和研发新型野营房屋提供了一个设计方法和理论依据。