Biomechanical analysis and numerical calculation of earthworm crawling

蚯蚓是典型的多体节动物。本文从生物力学的角度,分析了蚯蚓在静止和运动状态下的体壁应力,又分析了蚯蚓爬行过程中的变形以及与地面之间的摩擦力,给出了蚯蚓在地表爬行的动力学模型。进一步,又数值计算了一定质量范围的蚯蚓在静止和运动状态下体壁承受的最大应力和动力学模型方程,得到蚯蚓爬行的平均速度与质量的关系。计算结果与实验观测值基本一致。     

刚性杆-弹簧摆模型复杂动力学特性的数值仿真

建立一种刚性杆-弹簧摆刚柔耦合强非线性动力学系统模型,给出了无量纲的动力学微分方程．该模型同时存在小幅度快速振荡和大范围慢速摆动的快、慢双时间尺度变量．针对工程中此类系统数值求解容易产生的刚性问题,采用一种三次Hermite插值精细积分法进行数值计算．将频率比、摆长比和初始摆角作为控制参数,研究刚性杆-弹簧摆刚柔耦合系统快、慢变量的复杂动力学行为．通过数值仿真分析,发现系统在不同的控制参数组合下呈现出混沌运动状态,并给出了与系统运动状态相关的控制参数范围,为复杂的刚柔耦合多体系统的设计与数值分析提供了参考．     

高压胶管的动力响应分析

基于钢丝编织高压胶管的纤维加强橡胶复合材料多层圆筒模型,应用连续介质力学有限变形基本理论,建立了周期内压作用下高压胶管的动力学微分模型.通过数值计算得到了高压胶管的时程曲线、频谱图、相图和庞加莱截面图及应力分布曲线,利用非线性动力学理论分析了高压胶管的动力学响应特性,讨论了载荷大小和载荷频率的影响,并分析了高压胶管中的应力分布特征.     

Taylor补丁对新型动脉旁路移植流场影响的数值分析

为了研究Taylor补丁对新型(S型)动脉旁路移植术中吻合口处流场的影响,使用数值方法研究了采用Taylor补丁和未采用该补丁的两个S型旁路移植模型内流场的血流动力学差异. 对流速、壁面切应力和切应力梯度等参数进行了比较分析. 结果表明,Taylor补丁对吻合口的流场有显著影响. 采用Taylor补丁的模型其下游吻合口处的流场分布较未采用补丁的模型更均匀,二次流平均流速减小约34.48%,壁面切应力梯度减小约52.22%,从壁面切应力梯度方面分析,这将有助于改善血流动力学分布,抑制动脉粥样硬化. 但从壁面切应力值分析,其动脉底部的壁面低切应力区明显增大,平均壁面切应力值减小30.33%,这又将促使动脉粥样硬化. 因此,Taylor补丁是否对S型搭桥术具有治疗优越性,仅从血流动力学分析尚不能定论,配合数值计算结果进行动物和临床实验研究是十分必要的.      

近场动力学框架下的键基对应模型

传统键基近场动力学模型存在泊松比限制的问题,为了解决这一问题发展了态基近场动力学模型。其中非常规态的近场动力学模型通过定义非局部的变形梯度将近场力和传统应力关联起来,方便使用传统本构,但是态基近场动力学计算效率低于键基近场动力学。结合态基模型和键基模型的优势,提出键基对应模型,定义了基于键的变形梯度,参考连续介质力学中变形梯度的极分解过程,将键的变形分为转动部分和伸长部分。从而进一步定义了应变,通过物理方程求应力,进而计算键传递的近场力。键基对应模型解决了键基近场动力学的泊松比限制问题,也不需要进行近场动力学微观材料常数的计算。数值算例和理论推导证明了键变形梯度定义以及近场力计算方式的正确性。     

近场动力学与有限元的混合建模方法

综述了近场动力学与有限元混合建模方法的研究进展,阐明了各种混合建模方法的基本原理与特点,并重点介绍本课题组在近场动力学与有限元方法混合建模方面的研究工作。现有近场动力学与有限元混合建模方法包括位移协调约束、力耦合、混合函数方法以及子模型方法等,除子模型方法外,都可归结为并行式多尺度分析方法,其基本思想是将计算结构划分为近场动力学子域、有限元子域以及两者的交界区域(或重叠区域、或界面单元、或过渡区域)。子模型方法可归结为显-显分析方法,先采用显式有限元进行整体分析,后采用近场动力学方法对重点区域进行分析。混合建模方法需要着重提高交界区域的计算精度,并且消除虚假力和虚假应力波问题。提出了通过力耦合的近场动力学与有限元混合建模的隐式分析方法,该方法不再设置重叠区,通过杆单元连接近场动力学子域与有限元子域,其中界面上的有限元结点不仅与其所在单元的其他结点发生作用,还通过杆单元与以其为圆心、一定半径的圆域内的其他物质点相互作用。研究表明,本文提出的混合模型和求解方法既能有效解决裂纹扩展等不连续问题,又可提高计算效率,为工程结构破坏问题的计算分析提供一种有效方法。     

输沙率的随机模型及统计规律

本文给出了泥沙四种运动状态的寿命分布,处于各种状态的泥沙之间的转移强度以及床面静止颗粒的起动分布等.在此基础上建立了输沙率的随机模型,得到了输沙率的分布和平均输沙率公式.本文在理论上概括了推移质与悬移质的输沙规律。     

复合环境下直升机旋翼动力特性分析

考虑直升机旋翼旋转时声场、应力刚化、几何大变形等复合运行环境,对多种影响因素下的旋翼动力特性进行研究。通过实验测试数据建立了直升机旋翼结构的动力有限元模型,对旋翼在静止、应力刚化影响下的动力特性进行了分析;建立旋翼声振耦合动力学模型,考虑外声场和旋翼几何非线性影响因素,深入研究旋翼动力特性的变化规律,分析了其内在机理。研究分析发现:考虑声场影响后结构前三阶的固有频率误差分别减小了0.46%、0.82%、0.45%,更接近实验值,旋翼桨叶的振幅峰值明显降低;应力刚化对旋翼模态影响较大,随着其转速的增加固有频率呈二次曲线上升趋势;几何非线性使旋翼的共振频率值略微增大、振幅极值减小。     

基于旋转软化的柔性梁动力学研究

建立了旋转柔性梁的非线性动力学模型,利用能量法及哈密顿原理导出了耦合的动力学方程,分析了转动惯性、Coriolis力、应力刚化、旋转软化、加速度、横向位移、弯曲刚度等作用效应;通过设置应力刚化及旋转软化等刚度矩阵和编制有限元程序,建立了梁单元有限元模型,对柔性梁在旋转软化状态下的振动模态进行了数值模拟与分析。计算表明:梁的旋转软化导致其沿旋转平面的弯振模态(摆振)频率随转速增大而相对下降,且对第一阶摆振频率的影响最显著,呈现非线性;梁的旋转软化对垂直于旋转平面的弯振频率几乎没有影响,此结果表明了旋转柔性梁动态特性的复杂性,因此在计算旋转柔性梁的振动特性时,必须同时设置平动、转动惯性质量矩阵,才能获得准确结果。此外,梁单元模型与实体单元模型计算结果误差小于等于5%,验证了本文梁单元模型求解方法的准确性。     

爬行器测井安全评估数学模型分析

为了保证爬行器找水系统安全可靠,对爬行器下井过程进行了力学分析,建立了地面电缆张力和爬行器缆头张力数学模型。通过案例计算验证,得到理论计算结果与工程实测数据吻合较好;同时还得到爬行器自由下放极限深度的理论计算结果与工程测试结果几乎一致,说明采用本文建立的数学模型预测地面电缆张力和爬行器缆头张力较准确,计算结果可信;通过数学模型可准确预测启动爬行器的最佳时机,有效防止电缆堵塞井眼。研究结果对于降低测井风险,提高测井成功率具有重要意义。     

Mathematical model of inchworm locomotion

Inchworms are caterpillars. Their locomotion, involving arching of much of the central portion of their body length, has not been studied as extensively as the peristaltic locomotion of worms or the crawling locomotion of many other caterpillars. A mathematical model is developed to describe the shapes and bending strains of typical inchworm motions. The inchworm is assumed to travel in a straight line on a rigid horizontal substrate. Two basic types of cycles are considered. In Case I, the inchworm body arches and then reverses that motion in becoming flat again. In Case II, the body arches, then cantilevers upward, and then falls down to a flat shape. A continuum model based on an elastica is adopted. The results may be useful in the development of soft robots exhibiting an inchworm mode of motion.     

Study of wall properties on peristaltic transport of a couple stress fluid

In this paper, we investigate the peristaltic transport of a couple stress fluid in a channel with compliant walls. Perturbation method has been used to get the solution. The flow is induced by sinusoidal traveling waves along the channel walls. The effects of wall damping, wall elastance, wall tension and couple stress parameter on the flow are investigated using the equations of fluid as well as deformable boundaries. It is found that the mean velocity at boundaries decreases with increasing couple-stress parameter and wall damping and increases with increasing wall tension and wall elastance, while the mean axial velocity increases with increasing wall tension and wall elastance and decreases with couple-stress parameter and wall damping.     

Peristaltic flow of MHD Jeffrey fluid through finite length cylindrical tube

The present investigation studies the peristaltic flow of the Jeffrey fluid through a tube of finite length. The fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Analysis is carried out under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. Expressions of the pressure gradient, volume flow rate, average volume flow rate, and local wall shear stress are obtained. The effects of relaxation time, retardation time, Hartman number on pressure, local wall shear stress, and mechanical efficiency of peristaltic pump are studied. The reflux phenomenon is also investigated. The case of propagation of a non-integral number of waves along the tube walls, which are inherent characteristics of finite length vessels, is also examined.     

Effect of the rotation,magnetic field and initial stress on peristaltic motion of micropolar fluid

In this work, the effect of magnetic field, rotation and initial stress on peristaltic motion of micropolar fluid in a circular cylindrical flexible tube with viscoelastic or elastic wall properties has been considered. Runge–Kutta technique are used. Runge–Kutta method is developed to solve the governing equations of motion resulting from a perturbation technique for small values of amplitude ratio. The time mean axial velocity profiles are presented for the case of free pumping and analyzed to observe the influence of wall properties, magnetic field, rotation and initial stress for various values of micropolar fluid parameters. In the case of viscoelastic wall, the effect of viscous damping on mean flow reversal at the boundary is seen. The numerical results of the time mean velocity profile are discussed in detail for homogeneous fluid under the effect of wall properties, magnetic field, initial stress and rotation for different cases by figures. The results indicate that the effect of wall properties, rotation, initial stress and magnetic field are very pronounced. Numerical results are given and illustrated graphically.     

Mixed convective heat and mass transfer in a non-Newtonian fluid at a peristaltic surface with temperature-dependent viscosity

We investigate the problem of the unsteady mixed convection peristaltic mechanism. The flow includes a temperature-dependent viscosity with thermal diffusion and diffusion-thermo effects. The peristaltic flow is between two vertical walls, one of which is deformed in the shape of traveling transversal waves exactly like peristaltic pumping and the other of which is a parallel flat plate wall. The equations of momentum, energy, and concentration are subject to a set of appropriate boundary conditions by assuming that the solution consists of two parts: a mean part and a perturbed part. The solution of the perturbed part has been obtained by using the long-wave approximation. The mean part has been solved and coincides with the approximation of Ostrach. The mean part (zeroth order), the first order, and the total solution of the problem have been evaluated numerically for several sets of values of the parameters entering the problem. The skin friction, and the rate of heat and mass transfer at the walls are obtained and illustrated graphically.     

Peristaltic flow of MHD Jeffrey fluid through finite length cylindrical tube

The present investigation studies the peristaltic flow of the Jeffrey fluid through a tube of finite length. The fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Analysis is carried out under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. Expressions of the pressure gradient, volume flow rate, average volume flow rate, and local wall shear stress are obtained. The effects of relaxation time, retardation time, Hartman number on pressure, local wall she...     

Pressure-controlled peristaltic flow

The fluid flow in a two-dimensional channel with the wall oscillation law unknown in advance but for the given wall pressure change law is investigated. The law for the channel wall coordinates is determined during solving the problem. If on the wall the pressure oscillation amplitudes a are small, traveling waves propagate over it and give rise to peristaltic fluid transport in the channel. For large a the channel is divided up into two parts: a relatively small pulsing end part creates the flow, while the rest greater part loses this function.     

Peristaltic flow and heat transfer in a vertical porous annulus, with long wave approximation

In this paper, we study the interaction of peristalsis with heat transfer for the flow of a viscous fluid in a vertical porous annular region between two concentric tubes. Long wavelength approximation (that is, the wavelength of the peristaltic wave is large in comparison with the radius of the tube) is used to linearise the governing equations. Using the perturbation method, the solutions are obtained for the velocity and the temperature fields. Also, the closed form expressions are derived for the pressure-flow relationship and the heat transfer at the wall. The effect of pressure drop on flux is observed to be almost negligible for peristaltic waves of large amplitude; however, the mean flux is found to increase by 10-12% as the free convection parameter increases from 1 to 2. Also, the heat transfer at the wall is affected significantly by the amplitude of the peristaltic wave. This warrants further study on the effects of peristalsis on the flow and heat transfer characteristics.     

Effects of Chemical Reaction,Heat, and Mass Transfer on Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow Through Porous Medium in a Vertical Peristaltic Tube

The effect of mass diffusion of chemical species with first-order reaction on peristaltic motion of an incompressible Jeffrey fluid has been investigated. The fluid flows through vertical porous media in the gap between concentric tubes with heat and mass transfer. The inner tube is uniform, while the outer one is a non-uniform tube has a sinusoidal wave traveling down its wall. A perturbation solution, under long-wavelength assumption, is obtained which satisfies the momentum, energy, and concentration equations for the case of small porosity parameter. Numerical results for the behaviors of pressure rise and frictional force per wavelength as well as for the skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number with other physical parameters are obtained. Several graphs for these results of physical interest are displayed and discussed in detail.