次级声源优化布放的局部空间有源降噪

针对区域有源降噪问题,为获得更优降噪效果,根据实际次级通路传递函数,提出次级声源优化布放的有源控制系统并详细比较了两种次级声源优化布放算法与次级声源均匀布放的实际降噪效果。应用的第一种次级声源优化算法是l₂范数约束的约束匹配追踪算法,第二种次级声源优化算法是l₁范数约束的稀疏正则化方法。在全消声室中利用扬声器线阵进行多通道有源降噪实验研究,实验结果表明,在200～1000 Hz,次级声源优化布放的控制系统的平均降噪量比次级声源均匀布放的控制系统的平均降噪量多5 dB左右;在1100～1900 Hz,次级声源优化布放的控制系统的平均降噪量比次级声源均匀布放的控制系统的平均降噪量多11～13 dB左右,次级声源优化布放的控制系统的降噪量分布更加均匀且次级声源输出能量更小。此外,两种优化算法中,稀疏正则化方法的降噪效果更佳。     

基于平面声源进行结构声辐射有源控制的实验研究

采用分布式平面声源作为次级声源,对振动钢板的声辐射进行了抵消实验,验证了以往研究中的一系列关键理论。实验研究结果表明:一个平面声源可以控制钢板奇-奇模态的声辐射,两个平面源可以控制结构偶-奇或奇-偶模态的声辐射,同时也可以控制结构奇-奇模态的声辐射;平面声源的面积和布放位置对降噪效果有重要影响,采用单个平面声源控制时,平面声源面积越大,控制效果越好;基于近场声压的误差传感策略是有效可行的,实际中,将近场测量面的声功率作为有源控制的目标函数与总声功率作为目标函数是一致的;控制后远场声压和声强都得到有效降低,部分区域的声能向声源流动,近场声压及声强分布也发生显著变化。     

管道有源噪声控制中壁面分布次级声源的空间分布优化

为了改进管道中高阶模式声波的有源控制效果,研究了壁面分布次级声源的空间分布优化问题。首先提出管道中次级声源独立控制高阶模式声波的理论模型。然后推导次级声源在管道中各方向上空间分布对控制高阶模式声波的贡献,得到了次级声源空间分布的优化准则。通过将空间分布离散化,采用最小化管道中声能流的控制策略得到次级声源的最优驱动强度。最后通过数值仿真对比最优驱动强度时各种次级声源空间分布对控制性能的影响,验证了通过优化次级声源空间分布能显著提高控制效果。仿真结果表明,当次级声源分布于管道所有壁面且沿管道轴向分布范围较大时,高阶模式的控制效率最高。     

无次级通道建模有源噪声控制算法的实验研究

以管道中有源噪声控制为实验平台,基于ADSP21161N数字信号处理评估板实现了本文作者早先提出的不需要次级通道建模的基于LMS方法的四方向搜索型有源控制算法,并给出了该算法在实际应用中收敛系数的选取原则。针对单频和多频噪声的实验结果表明,前人两方向搜索型有源控制算法在大部分频率上都能收敛,但在次级通道相位为±90°的频率不能收敛,而本文作者所提出的四方向变收敛系数搜索型算法,在所有频率都能快速收敛。     

一种能量比调控的有源噪声控制算法

在前馈有源噪声控制系统中,建模信号与控制信号相互影响,建模信号的引入会导致系统降噪性能变差。为了减小建模信号的影响,提出一种基于能量比调控的次级通道在线建模有源噪声控制算法。利用控制过程与建模过程的误差能量比构造步长调控函数,分别调节控制过程与建模过程的步长值,从而减弱两者的相互影响。在次级通道建模过程中,对建模步长值采取分段调控的方法,并通过建模步长值的变化来调节建模信号,从而提升系统降噪性能。仿真结果表明,对于低频噪声信号的有源噪声控制,相比已有算法,提出的算法能获得较快的建模收敛速度和较高的降噪量。     

一种数字有源降噪耳机控制器设计方法

为了得到一种作用于低频宽带噪声的有源降噪耳机,采用固定系数的数字控制器实施降噪,并提出了一种前反馈混合的控制器设计方法。比较了前馈及混合两种控制模式下对低频宽带噪声的控制效果;进一步提出了一种综合优化方法,改善噪声不同角度入射下的降噪性能。仿真和基于DSP平台的实验表明,提出的方法对多方向入射的20～1500 Hz低频宽带噪声均具有较好控制效果。     

壁面分布次级声源对管道中高阶模式声波的有源控制

针对管道中高阶模式声波的有源控制问题,探究了管道壁面布放次级声源的控制机制。首先根据管道声场模式理论和有源控制准则,推导了无限长管道内次级声源激励声场实现控制的必要条件,然后论证了次级声源沿管道壁面分布的可控性,并提出将空间分布离散化后的控制策略;最后通过数值仿真验证了沿壁面分布的有效性。结果表明,当次级声源在管道壁面的周向分布满足空间采样定律且沿轴向分布具有足够长度时,可以取得显著的有源控制效果.     

空间有源消声的微机控制

本文讨论了通用微机控制空间有源消声，以修正的ＰＩＤ算法加上逻辑判断构成的控制软件，使得系统收敛迅速，跟踪速度快，消声效果令人满意，而且系统工作稳定可靠。     

空间有源消声的微机控制

本文讨论用通用微机控制空间有源消声．以修正的PID（比例、积分、微分）算法加上逻辑判断构成的控制软件，使得系统收敛迅速，跟踪速度快，消声效果令人满意，而且系统工作稳定可靠，     

复杂声学环境中人耳附近空间有源降噪研究综述

复杂声学环境中人耳附近空间降噪是有源噪声控制研究的重要课题,目前采用的主要方法为有源降噪头靠(AHR)和虚拟声屏障(VSB).本文简述AHR与VSB的发展历史和研究现状,介绍其物理原理和设计方法,评述其在实际应用中的优缺点,讨论了目前存在的问题与未来相关的研究方向.已有理论、数值仿真和实验研究验证了相关技术在人耳附近空间产生静区的可行性. AHR系统需要较少控制源,系统相对简单易实现,但静区范围较小,结合虚拟传声器技术和人头跟踪技术后可实现随人头移动的静区,降噪频率可达中高频; VSB产生的静区范围较大,但控制源个数较多,系统复杂和成本高,可通过代价函数和控制源优化,以及主被动混合控制技术来提高有效降噪频率范围和减少控制源个数.     

A compound secondary source for active noise radiation control

Based on the analysis of active noise control system with multi-channel monopole secondary sources, a kind of compound secondary source is proposed in this paper. The proposed compound secondary source consists of two closely located monopole sources with their distance much smaller than a wavelength. The characteristics of the compound source are analyzed, and the performances of the active noise control system with the compound secondary sources on the monopole primary sound field and sound radiated by a plate are investigated both numerically and experimentally. It has been found that the proposed compound secondary sources control system can provide higher noise reduction for free field noise radiation control with the same number of control channels. It is shown that the better performance in noise reduction of the compound secondary sources control system is mainly due to the directivity of the secondary sources where the energy radiation pattern of the compound sources is similar to that of the primary sources.     

An active noise barrier with unidirectional secondary sources

An active noise barrier with unidirectional secondary sources is investigated in this paper, where the unidirectional secondary source consists of two closely located loudspeakers with pre-adjusted phase difference. The secondary sound field of the unidirectional sources is adjusted to maximally match the primary sound field in the shadow zone behind the barrier. It is shown both numerically and experimentally that the noise reduction performance of the active noise barrier can be improved remarkably by replacing monopoles with the unidirectional sources. The mechanism for the improvement is also investigated.     

噪声主动控制研究的发展与动向

本回顾了噪声主动控制的典型设计方法和常见的算法,结合当前较新的鲁棒控制方法,指出今后噪声主动控制的一些发展动向,为这一技术的实用性提供借鉴。     

Causality study on a feedforward active noise control headset with different noise coming directions in free field

A systematic analysis is proposed to predict the performance of a typical feedforward single channel ANC headset in terms of the delay, especially the non-causal delay caused by different noise coming directions. First, the performance of a non-causal feedforward system for a band-limited noise is analyzed by using a simplified pure delay model, where it is found that the noise reduction bandwidth is narrowed and the maximum noise reduction is decreased with the increase of the non-causal delay. Second, a systematic method is developed, which can be used to predict the system performance with measured primary and secondary path transfer functions in most practical sound fields and to study the effects of the control filter length and the path delay on the performance. Then, the causality of a typical feedforward active noise control headset with the primary source at 0° and 90° positions in an anechoic chamber is analyzed, and the performance for the two locations predicted by the systematic analysis is shown in good agreements with the experiment results. Finally, an experiment of a typical feedforward active noise control headset in a reverberation chamber is carried out, which shows the validity of the proposed systematic analysis for other more practical sound fields.     

A simplified adaptive feedback active noise control system

In the adaptive feedback active noise control system based on the internal model control (IMC) structure, the reference signal is regenerated by synthesizing the error signal and the secondary signal filtered with the estimation of the secondary path, hence more computation load and extra programming are required. Motivated by the engineering truth that the primary noise cannot be completely cancelled in most practical active noise control applications and the error signal still contains some portions of the primary noise, a simplified adaptive feedback active noise control system is proposed in this paper, which adopts the error signal directly as the reference signal in an adaptive feedforward control system and utilizes the leaky filtered-x LMS algorithm to update the controller. The convergence properties of the proposed system are investigated and its advantages are discussed by comparing with other feedback control systems as well as the weakness. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.