Compactness in fuzzy convergence spaces

Lowen and Lowen [Applications of category theory to fuzzy subsets (Kluwer, 1992) p. 153] and Lowen et al. [Fuzzy Sets and Systems 40 (1991) 347] recently introduced the category FCS of fuzzy convergence spaces, a topological quasitopos which is a supercategory of FTS, the category of fuzzy topological spaces. In this paper, compactness in FCS is examined. Doing so we found that to define compactness as an absolute property we had to generalize the definition of fuzzy convergence space to fuzzy subsets. All basic theorems are proved including the Tychonoff product theorem. Based on the theory developed here, in a following publication, a Richardson compactification for fuzzy convergence spaces will be given.     

Almost compactness in fuzzy topological spaces

We introduce and study almost compactness for fuzzy topological spaces. We show that the almost continuous image of an almost compact fuzzy topological space is almost compact. Moreover, we show that generally almost compactness for fuzzy topological spaces is not product-invariant, but if X and Y are almost fuzzy topological spaces and X is product related to Y, then their fuzzy topological product is almost compact.     

Regularly open sets in fuzzy topological spaces

This paper is devoted to the study of the role of fuzzy regularly open sets. We prove some properties of fuzzy almost continuous mappings and define fuzzy almost open mappings. We prove that under a fuzzy almost continuous and fuzzy almost open map, the inverse image of a fuzzy regularly open set is fuzzy regularly open. Further we define a new type of fuzzy separation axioms, fuzzy almost separation axioms. It is interesting that there are some deviations in the behaviour of these axioms as compared to those in general topology. For example, in a fuzzy almost T₁ space not every fuzzy singleton is δ-closed. Also a fuzzy space which is fuzzy almost as well as fuzzy almost T₀ is fuzzy almost regular. While in general topology we have to take an almost T₂ space in place of almost T₀ space.     

Characterisation of compactness through convergence in Tychonoff spaces

In this article we first give a characterisation of compact spaces among spaces by improving a theorem of J. Ewert. Then, with the aid of a new type of convergence, we give a characterisation of the pseudocompact and of the Lindelöf spaces.

     

Cardinal invariants concerning bounded families of extendable and almost continuous functions

In this paper we introduce and examine a cardinal invariant closely connected to the addition of bounded functions from to . It is analogous to the invariant defined earlier for arbitrary functions by T. Natkaniec. In particular, it is proved that each bounded function can be written as the sum of two bounded almost continuous functions, and an example is given that there is a bounded function which cannot be expressed as the sum of two bounded extendable functions.

     

Tauberian conditions for almost convergence

In [Acta Math. 80(1948), 167–190], G. G. Lorentz characterized almost convergent sequences in (or in ) in terms of the concept of uniform convergence of the de la Vallée-Poussin means. In this paper, we present Tauberian results which relate almost convergence to norm convergence or to the (C, 1) convergence. Our results generalize Kronecker lemma. As a consequence, we prove that almost convergence and norm convergence are equivalent for the sequence of the partial sums of the Fourier series of (or ), where . We also show that our results can be used to derive Fatou’s theorem.      

On ideal convergence of double sequences in probabilistic normed spaces

The notion of ideal convergence is a generalization of statistical convergence which has been intensively investigated in last few years.For an admissible ideal ∮N× N,the aim of the present paper is to introduce the concepts of ∮-convergence and ∮*-convergence for double sequences on probabilistic normed spaces(PN spaces for short).We give some relations related to these notions and find condition on the ideal ∮ for which both the notions coincide.We also define ∮-Cauchy and ∮*-Cauchy double sequences on PN spaces and show that ∮-convergent double sequences are ∮-Cauchy on these spaces.We establish example which shows that our method of convergence for double sequences on PN spaces is more general.     

On almost sure convergence of amarts and martingales without the Radon-Nikodym property

It is shown here that for any Banach spaceE-valued amart (X _n) of classB, almost sure convergence off(X_n) tof(X) for eachf in a total subset ofE ^* implies scalar convergence toX.     

On fuzzy metric spaces

In this paper we introduce the concept of a fuzzy metric space. The distance between two points in a fuzzy metric space is a non-negative, upper semicontinuous, normal and convex fuzzy number. Properties of fuzzy metric spaces are studied and some fixed point theorems are proved.     

On some generalizations of Lorentz's almost convergence

We investigate an extension of the almost convergence of G.G. Lorentz, further weakening the notion of M-almost convergence we defined in [S. Mercourakis, G. Vassiliadis, An extension of Lorentz's almost convergence and applications in Banach spaces, Serdica Math. J. 32 (2006) 71–98] and requiring that the means of a bounded sequence restricted on a subset M of converge weakly in ℓ^∞(M). The case when M has density 1 is of special interest and in this case we derive a result in the direction of the Mean Ergodic Theorem (see Theorem 2).     

On convergence in fuzzy metric spaces

The concept of p-convergence in fuzzy metric spaces, in George and Veeramani's sense, has been recently given by D. Mihet in [D. Mihet, On fuzzy contractive mappings in fuzzy metric spaces, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 158 (2007) 915-921]. In this note we study some aspects relative to this concept and characterize those fuzzy metric spaces, that we call principal, in which the family of p-convergent sequences agrees with the family of convergent sequences. Also a non-completable fuzzy metric space, which is not principal, is given.     

On decompositions of Banach spaces of continuous functions on Mrówka's spaces

It is well known that if is infinite compact Hausdorff and scattered (i.e., with no perfect subsets), then the Banach space of continuous functions on has complemented copies of , i.e., . We address the question if this could be the only type of decompositions of into infinite-dimensional summands for infinite, scattered. Making a special set-theoretic assumption such as the continuum hypothesis or Martin's axiom we construct an example of Mrówka's space (i.e., obtained from an almost disjoint family of sets of positive integers) which answers positively the above question.

     

On proximal convergence in uniform spaces

The paper deals with proximal convergence and Leader's theorem, in the constructive theory of uniform apartness spaces. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On convergence theory in fuzzy topological spaces and its applications

In this paper we introduce and study new concepts of convergence and adherent points for fuzzy filters and fuzzy nets in the light of the Q-relation and the Q-neighborhood of fuzzy points due to Pu and Liu [28]. As applications of these concepts we give several new characterizations of the closure of fuzzy sets, fuzzy Hausdorff spaces, fuzzy continuous mappings and strong Q-compactness. We show that there is a relation between the convergence of fuzzy filters and the convergence of fuzzy nets similar to the one which exists between the convergence of filters and the convergence of nets in topological spaces.     

On the determination of fuzzy topological spaces and fuzzy neighbourhood spaces by their level-topologies

In this paper we discuss the problem of the reconstruction of a fuzzy topological space or a fuzzy neighbourhood space from an a priori given family of level-topologies. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution are given, and it is proved that in the particular case of fuzzy neighbourhood spaces this solution is always unique.     

Semilocal convergence of a continuation method with Hölder continuous second derivative in Banach spaces

In this paper, the semilocal convergence of a continuation method combining the Chebyshev method and the convex acceleration of Newton’s method used for solving nonlinear equations in Banach spaces is established by using recurrence relations under the assumption that the second Frëchet derivative satisfies the Hölder continuity condition. This condition is mild and works for problems in which the second Frëchet derivative fails to satisfy Lipschitz continuity condition. A new family of recurrence relations are defined based on two constants which depend on the operator. The existence and uniqueness regions along with a closed form of the error bounds in terms of a real parameter α∈[0,1]$\alpha \in [0,1]$ for the solution x^∗$x^{\ast }$ is given. Two numerical examples are worked out to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. On comparing the existence and uniqueness regions for the solution obtained by our analysis with those obtained by using majorizing sequences under Hölder continuity condition on F^″$F^{″}$, it is found that our analysis gives improved results. Further, we have observed that for particular values of the α$\alpha$, our analysis reduces to those for the Chebyshev method (α=0$\alpha =0$) and the convex acceleration of Newton’s method (α=1)$(\alpha =1)$ respectively with improved results.     

ON THE CONVERGENCE OFSPLITTINGS FOR A Z-MATRIX

In this paper, first we present a characterization of semiconvergence for nonnegative splittings of a singular Z-mattix, which generalizes the corresponding result of . Second, a characterization of convergence for L1-regular splittings of a singular E-matrix is given, which im-prove the resuh of [3]. Third, convergence of weak nonnegative splittings and regular splittings isdiscussed, and we obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions such that the splittings of a Z-matrix converge,     

Rough convergence of double sequences of fuzzy numbers

In this paper, we define the concepts of rough convergence and rough Cauchy sequence of double sequences of fuzzy numbers. Then, we investigate some relations between rough limit set and extreme limit points of such sequences.     

On completion of fuzzy metric spaces

Completions of fuzzy metric spaces (in the sense of George and Veeramani) are discussed. A complete fuzzy metric space Y is said to be a˜fuzzy metric completion of a˜given fuzzy metric space X if X is isometric to a˜dense subspace of Y. We present an example of a˜fuzzy metric space that does not admit any fuzzy metric completion. However, we prove that every standard fuzzy metric space has an (up to isometry) unique fuzzy metric completion. We also show that for each fuzzy metric space there is an (up to uniform isomorphism) unique complete fuzzy metric space that contains a˜dense subspace uniformly isomorphic to it.     

-Difference sequence spaces of fuzzy numbers

In this paper, using the difference operator of order m and an Orlicz function, we introduce and examine some classes of sequences of fuzzy numbers. We give the relations between the strongly Cesàro type convergence and statistical convergence in these spaces. Furthermore, we study some of their properties like completeness, solidity, symmetricity, etc. We also give some inclusion relations related to these classes.