关于临界电流被周期性调制的约瑟夫逊结

超导弱连接在外源作用下,一般能简化为由电流源驱动的电阻分路约瑟夫逊结模型.受到辐射场作用时,其临界电流周期性地被调制,本文将给出其解析解.在上述情况下,对弱连接发生的常电压电流阶跃提供一个一般的判据,并且说明分谐波电流阶跃是不存在的;在调制幅度较大的情况下,给出电流阶跃高度依赖于调制幅度的数值计算结果.     

关于电阻分路约瑟夫森结的解析解

超导弱连接在外源作用下,一般能简化为由电流源驱动的电阻分路约瑟夫森结模型。如果电流源为一直流电流和一交变电流组成,本文将给出解析解。此外,在无量纲交变电流i₁<<1的情况下,应用上述解析解的结果处理了平方律检测以及平均电压v等于零时阶跃问题。 关键词：     

动态光子晶体环境下二能级原子自发辐射场及频谱的特性

研究了光子晶体能带带边频率受到阶跃调制和三角函数周期调制两种情况下原子自发辐射场强度随时间的演化特性以及频谱的特性.阶跃调制时,调制发生后原子辐射的局域场的频率以及非局域场的构成情况都只取决于原子的跃迁频率和此时的带边频率,且都与具有相同参数条件的静态情形下的相同.调制发生时刻对自发辐射场的稳态强度有影响.三角函数周期调制时,辐射场强度在足够长时间后随时间做有衰减的准周期振荡.调制频率决定了准周期振荡的频率,并对衰减率有影响.辐射场能量在一组相邻间隔近似等于调制频率的离散频率附近形成尖锐峰值,它们的中心频率值取决于带边频率的取值范围和原子的跃迁频率,调制初相位会影响初始一段时间的辐射场强度以及辐射谱上连续谱成分的强弱.     

超导隧道结在直流和交流驱动下的I-V特性

超导隧道结在直流和交流驱动下可以简化成电流分路的约瑟夫逊结模型,其中包括有关电容的项和干涉项.本文用小参量展开的方法求其方程的解,并讨论干涉项对(?)滞特性以及电流阶跃高度的影响.     

互易定理计算分层半空间上方任意取向偶极子的远区场

利用互易定理推导了考虑直达波和界面反射波时半空间分层界面上任意取向偶极子在上半空间远区辐射场的解析表达式. 进一步考虑电偶极子距离分界面为某一高度情形, 在考虑直达波和反射波程差基础上导出相应辐射场公式. 辐射场解析表达式中分层半空间TM和TE波反射系数可以通过连分数方法或传播矩阵法计算获得. 本文推导过程物理概念清晰, 所得解析结果适于计算观察点远离界面情形下偶极子的远区辐射场. 数值计算结果表明, 利用本文结果可以快速分析半空间上方任意取向偶极子的远区辐射场.     

谐振腔中的超导弱连接在微波辐照下Josephson电流的行为

本文研究了微波辐照下置于谐振腔中的超导弱连接的Joscphson电流特性,并就微波频率与腔的本征频率公度与非公度两种情况进行了详细的理论计算。结果表明,外加的微波辐照总是抑制腔本征振荡的反馈作用。在非公度时,形式上类似于两微波的混频结果,但存在电流随外磁场在一个磁通量子φ_0内的多次阶跃;在公度时,只要微波幅度足够强,这种电流的小周期振荡就会消失。     

单极性亚纳秒脉冲激励口径的辐射特性

 通过解析积分运算，获得了阶跃脉冲激励口径天线瞬态辐射场的解析表达式, 分析了辐射电场脉冲的持续时间与口径尺寸、观察距离及观察角度的关系。研究了在高斯脉冲激励下口径辐射场特性的分析方法，并探讨了脉冲口径天线主轴方向上辐射场的分区依据。     

致密TlBaCaCuO超导体临界电流性质研究

对用改进的烧结法制备的多晶 TlBaCaCuO 超导样品进行了低温和强磁场中的临界电流测量.结果表明,在温度低于28K、磁场小于8T 时临界电流大于6A(测量装置的极限值).在55K 以上温度,临界电流随磁场开始明显下降,表现出弱连接性质,支持我们由磁测量和显微结构观察所得的结果.根据实验结果,讨论了 T1系超导体的弱连接,钉扎中心.载流潜力及消除弱连接的可能性等问题.     

致密TlBaCaCuO超导体临界电流性质研究

对用改进的烧结法制备的多晶 TlBaCaCuO 超导样品进行了低温和强磁场中的临界电流测量.结果表明,在温度低于28K、磁场小于8T 时临界电流大于6A(测量装置的极限值).在55K 以上温度,临界电流随磁场开始明显下降,表现出弱连接性质,支持我们由磁测量和显微结构观察所得的结果.根据实验结果,讨论了 T1系超导体的弱连接,钉扎中心.载流潜力及消除弱连接的可能性等问题.     

交流驱动Josephson结Bloch振荡的阻抗式阶跃

当小面积 Josephson 结的电容变得很小,可以发生电容能大于 Josephson 耦合能 E_J 的情形,这类问题须用宏观量子隧道方法来处理.在温度很低时,Josephson 结中将发生 Bloch 振荡.在射频电流驱动下,其 I-V 曲线上将出现阻抗式阶跃,本文用多变元的微扰方法解析地处理了这一问题.     

超导弱连接的电压磁场关系(Ⅱ)

本文研究了恒流源RSJ模型下,置于谐振腔中的超导弱连接和其双结SQUID激励腔反馈辐照对其伏安曲线的影响。在反馈强度较弱的条件下,得到解析解,给出伏安曲线的变化与谐振腔反馈作用强度的关系。理论结果表明:反馈辐照改变了(H)的振幅和波形,但不改变(H)的周期。 关键词：     

超导弱连接的电压磁场关系(Ⅰ)

本文理论计算了恒流源的RSJ模型下超导弱连接的量子衍射及其相应双结SQUID的量子干涉。对双结SQUID给出了电压直流分量随磁场等幅振荡的解析关系。 关键词：     

Diffraction from surfaces with randomly distributed steps

A closed-form solution is obtained for the angular distribution of intensity in diffraction from a surface on which the terrace size distribution is given by the geometric distribution, i.e. a surface in which the occurrence of steps is random. Several distributions of step heights that are integral multiples of the monatomic step height are considered. It is shown that a random occurrence of monatomic steps will cause some multiatomic steps. If a very broad distribution of step heights is assumed, the beam width no longer oscillates with energy but approaches a constant value except at the characteristic energies of zero width. Comparisons are made with a previous model and with measurements on GaAs(110).     

Prescriptions for gravitational initial data as judged by a simple radiating model

Several methods of prescribing initial data for gravitational and matter fields, which are intended to eliminate extraneous radiation that is not produced by the matter source, are analysed in a simple exactly soluble radiating model. The model consists of an harmonic oscillator coupled to a scalar field along future light cones of Minkowski space time. In particular we analyze the asymptotic regime of the oscillator and find it is characterized essentially by two distinct decay modes. They differ in the way they behave both in the limit of small coupling constant and in a certain Newtonian limit. As a criterion to select initial data for the field with no extra radiation, we require that these initial data sets should put the oscillator from the start into the asymptotic regime. The underlying hypothesis here is that initial transients result from excitation of the oscillator by incoming radiation. We then see that the requirement of a uniform Newtonian limit leads to unique data for the scalar field for each arbitrary data set for the oscillator. We further find that this unique data set indeed satisfies our criterion.     

γ射线总剂量辐照对单轴应变Si纳米n型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管栅隧穿电流的影响

基于γ射线辐照条件下单轴应变Si纳米n型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(NMOSFET)载流子的微观输运机制,揭示了单轴应变Si纳米NMOSFET器件电学特性随总剂量辐照的变化规律,同时基于量子机制建立了小尺寸单轴应变Si NMOSFET在γ射线辐照条件下的栅隧穿电流模型,应用Matlab对该模型进行了数值模拟仿真,探究了总剂量、器件几何结构参数、材料物理参数等对栅隧穿电流的影响.此外,通过实验进行对比,该模型仿真结果和总剂量辐照实验测试结果基本符合,从而验证了模型的可行性.本文所建模型为研究纳米级单轴应变Si NMOSFET应变集成器件可靠性及电路的应用提供了有价值的理论指导与实践基础.     

约瑟夫森结在射频辐照下的亚谐波台阶仿真研究

利用PSp ice软件,采用电路仿真的方法深入研究了约瑟夫森结在射频辐照下的I-V特性,观察到了亚谐波台阶的存在,得出了台阶高度与射频电流幅度的关系,结果对于约瑟夫森结在电压标准和射频检测等方面的应用有重要的参考价值。     

Sound from boundary layer flow over steps and gaps

This study is concerned with the radiated sound from boundary layer flows over small forward and backward steps and gap configurations of similar dimension. These measurements were performed in the Virginia Tech Anechoic Wall Jet Facility for step heights that ranged from approximately 10 percent to 100 percent of the incoming boundary layer height. The results show the influence of step height and boundary layer edge velocity on the far-field sound from forward and backward steps. Neither source shows clear dipole directivity and at least the larger step heights considered in this study are shown to not be acoustically compact. A new mixed scaling normalization is proposed for the far-field spectra from both types of step. Backward steps are shown to be much weaker producers of far-field sound than similarly sized forward steps. The implications of this behavior are discussed with respect to the far-field sound measured from various gap flows.     

Numerical Instability due to Varying Time Steps in Explicit Wave Propagation and Mechanics Calculations

Explicit central-difference time integration is frequently used to solve the wave equation, and the classical criterion for numerical stability is the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition. Similarly, explicit integration of a spring-mass mechanical system has a stability condition. These conditions are derived under the assumption of constant time steps. This paper demonstrates the new and perhaps surprising result that numerical instability may occur when time steps vary, even though all steps are substantially less than the constant step criterion.     

New full-wave theory for scattering from rough metal surfaces—the correction current method: the TE-polarization case

A new full-wave theory of scattering from metal surfaces with one-dimensional roughness profiles is presented. A primary field and a complete system of modal functions (radiation modes) are defined to be relatively simple in structure (plane-wave-type fields) and to satisfy the boundary conditions at the rough surface, individually and rigorously. These fields will not necessarily satisfy Maxwell's equations. But compliance with these equations is enforced by the introduction of fictitious current distributions, associated with each of these fields, and chosen such that these 'passive' currents compensate for any field errors. In addition, each radiation mode is assumed to include an 'active' current distribution in the form of a current sheet which generates this mode. The composite field, formulated as a superposition of the primary field and the radiation modes, must be source free. It cannot involve any active or passive currents; and this zero-current requirement is then used to solve the scatter problem by an iterative procedure which, in a step-by-step fashion, eliminates the passive currents of the primary field and radiation modes by the active currents of the radiation modes. The result is a composite field that satisfies all requirements (Maxwell's equations, boundary conditions and radiation condition) while all fictitious current distributions are eliminated by mutual compensation. This composite field is therefore the solution of the scatter problem. This new theory—involving fictitious current distributions—is unconventional. But after definition of the primary field and the radiation modes, it is straightforward and conceptually transparent. The first-order scatter pattern is reciprocal and bridges the gap between the small-perturbation method and the physical optics method. Since the passive currents quantify the field errors, the theory allows the establishment of an error criterion which indicates when field errors can be expected to be small. The results are compared with those of existing theories. The present paper presents the TE case; the TM case, which is more complex, will be described in a follow-on paper.

(Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)     

Does gravitational radiation exist?

An attempt is made to extend the Wheeler and Feynman absorber theory of electromagnetic radiation to the case of the gravitational field (described by the Einstein linear weak-field equations) on the assumption that the source is at the center of a sphere of matter having a density equal to the average density in the universe and a radius equal to the reciprocal of the Hubble constant. It is found that near the source the field of the matter is negligible compared to that of the source, so that one can conclude that the gravitational field generated by the source is time-symmetric (one-half advanced plus one-half retarded). One can conclude that a physical system does not lose energy as gravitational radiation, although a gravitational wave detector may record signals. It appears that there are no periodic running waves in nature, and hence no gravitons. These considerations hold also in the bimetric gravitation theory.