白噪声参激一类余维2分岔系统最大Lyapunov指数研究

在随机动力系统中,最大Lyapunov指数是定义随机分岔系统概率1意义分岔的重要指标,因此目前有关各类随机分岔系统最大Lyapunov指数解析式的计算成为随机分岔研究的焦点问题.本文基于一维扩散过程的奇异点理论,通过使用L.Arnold摄动方法,研究了白噪声参数激励下两种三维随机分岔系统最大Lyapunov指数的渐近分析式.     

有界随机噪声激励下碰撞系统的最大Lyapunov指数

为了研究单自由度线性单边碰撞系统在有界随机噪声参数激励下的最大 Lyapunov 指数和稳定性问题,用 Zhuravlev 变换将碰撞系统转化为连续的非碰撞系统,然后用随机平均法得到了关于慢变量的随机微分方程。在没有随机扰动的情形下,给出了系统最大Lyapunov指数的值;在有随机扰动的情形下,通过求解FPK方程得到了系统的不变测度和最大Lyapunov指数的解析表达式。研究结果表明：随着系统阻尼项、有界随机噪声带宽、碰撞恢复系数的减少和有界随机噪声振幅的增大,最大Lyapunov指数增加;当随机激励的中心频率等于系统固有频率的两倍时,系统的Lyapunov指数达到最大,从而使系统变得更不稳定。根据系统的Lyapunov指数得到了系统稳定的充分必要条件,即当Lyapunov指数大于零时系统几乎必然不稳定,而当Lyapunov指数小于零时系统几乎必然稳定,Lyapunov指数等于零为系统的稳定性分叉点,并讨论了相应的稳定性分叉问题。     

宽带噪声作用下黏弹性板的矩Lyapunov指数

主要研究了在超音速流中受宽带噪声作用的黏弹性板随机振动系统的矩Lyapunov指数.首先, 采用vonKarman板弯理论, 活塞理论以及Galerkin近似法建立了两个自由度耦合的系统运动的随机微分方程. 其次, 应用随机平均法将四维系统降为二维系统. 接着, 对系统采用极坐标变换,通过Girsanov定理和Feynmann-Kac公式得到后向微分算子. 通过对特征函数进行正交Fourier余弦级数展开得到系统矩Lyapunov指数的近似解析式. 并通过MonteCarle仿真得到系统矩Lyapunov指数的数值解验证了近似解析式的可信性. 最后研究了系统参数、气动力参数以及随机噪声谱密度对黏弹性板稳定性的影响.      

用具有负定非对称矩阵的梯度系统构造稳定的广义Birkhoff系统1）

Birkhoff系统是一类比Hamilton系统更广泛的约束力学系统,可在原子与分子物理,强子物理中找到应用.非定常约束力学系统的稳定性研究是重要而又困难的课题,用构造Lyapunov函数的直接方法来研究稳定性问题有很大难度,其中如何构造Lyapunov函数是永远的开放问题.本文给出一种间接方法,即梯度系统方法.提出一类梯度系统,其矩阵是负定非对称的,这类梯度系统的解可以是稳定的或渐近稳定的.梯度系统特别适合用Lyapunov函数来研究,其中的函数V通常取为Lyapunov函数.列出广义Birkhoff系统的运动方程,广义Birkhoff系统是一类广泛约束力学系统.当其中的附加项取为零时,它成为Birkhoff系统,完整约束系统和非完整约束系统都可纳入该系统.给出广义Birkhoff系统的解可以是稳定的或渐近稳定的条件,进一步利用矩阵为负定非对称的梯度系统构造出一些解为稳定或渐近稳定的广义Birkhoff系统.该方法也适合其他约束力学系统.最后用算例说明结果的应用.     

支承运动激励下两端固定输流管道的混沌运动

本文研究了两端固定输流管道在其支承简谐运动激励下的混沌运动。运用相平面图、Lyapunov指数、Poincare映射以及运动时间历程等数值分析技术考察了流体流速和激振频率变化对管道运动的影响。结果表明,在所研究的系统中存在包括混沌运动在内的多种复杂运动的参数区域,而且发现有三条通向混沌运动的途径。     

用具有负定矩阵的梯度系统构造稳定的变质量力学系统

随着科学技术的发展,对喷气飞机、火箭等变质量系统动力学的研究显得越来越重要,并且总是希望变质量系统的解是稳定的或渐近稳定的.而通用的研究稳定性的Lyapunov直接法有很大难度,因为直接从微分方程出发构造Lyapunov函数往往很难实现.本文给出一种研究稳定性的间接方法,即梯度系统方法.该方法不但能揭示动力学系统的内在结构,而且有助于探索系统的稳定性、渐进性和分岔等动力学行为.梯度系统的函数V通常取为Lyapunov函数,因此梯度系统比较适合用Lyapunov函数来研究.列写出变质量完整力学系统的运动方程,在系统非奇异情形下,求得所有广义加速度.提出一类具有负定矩阵的梯度系统,并研究该梯度系统解的稳定性.把这类梯度系统和变质量力学系统有机结合,给出变质量力学系统的解可以是稳定的或渐近稳定的条件,进一步利用矩阵为负定非对称的梯度系统构造出一些解为稳定或渐近稳定的变质量力学系统.通过具体例子,研究了变质量系统的单自由度运动,在怎样的质量变化规律、微粒分离速度和加力下,其解是稳定的或渐近稳定的.本文的构造方法也适合其他类型的动力学系统.     

用具有负定矩阵的梯度系统构造稳定的变质量力学系统

随着科学技术的发展,对喷气飞机、火箭等变质量系统动力学的研究显得越来越重要, 并且总是希望变质量系统的解是稳定的或渐近稳定的. 而通用的研究稳定性的Lyapunov直接法有很大难度, 因为直接从微分方程出发构造Lyapunov函数往往很难实现. 本文给出一种研究稳定性的间接方法, 即梯度系统方法. 该方法不但能揭示动力学系统的内在结构, 而且有助于探索系统的稳定性、渐进性和分岔等动力学行为. 梯度系统的函数V通常取为Lyapunov函数, 因此梯度系统比较适合用Lyapunov函数来研究. 列写出变质量完整力学系统的运动方程,在系统非奇异情形下,求得所有广义加速度. 提出一类具有负定矩阵的梯度系统, 并研究该梯度系统解的稳定性. 把这类梯度系统和变质量力学系统有机结合,给出变质量力学系统的解可以是稳定的或渐近稳定的条件, 进一步利用矩阵为负定非对称的梯度系统构造出一些解为稳定或渐近稳定的变质量力学系统. 通过具体例子,研究了变质量系统的单自由度运动,在怎样的质量变化规律、微粒分离速度和加力下,其解是稳定的或渐近稳定的. 本文的构造方法也适合其它类型的动力学系统.      

用具有负定非对称矩阵的梯度系统构造稳定的广义Birkhoff系统

Birkhoff系统是一类比Hamilton系统更广泛的约束力学系统,可在原子与分子物理,强子物理中找到应用.非定常约束力学系统的稳定性研究是重要而又困难的课题,用构造Lyapunov函数的直接方法来研究稳定性问题有很大难度,其中如何构造Lyapunov函数是永远的开放问题.本文给出一种间接方法,即梯度系统方法.提出一类梯度系统,其矩阵是负定非对称的,这类梯度系统的解可以是稳定的或渐近稳定的.梯度系统特别适合用Lyapunov函数来研究,其中的函数V通常取为Lyapunov函数.列出广义Birkhoff系统的运动方程,广义Birkhoff系统是一类广泛约束力学系统.当其中的附加项取为零时,它成为Birkhoff系统,完整约束系统和非完整约束系统都可纳入该系统.给出广义Birkhoff系统的解可以是稳定的或渐近稳定的条件,进一步利用矩阵为负定非对称的梯度系统构造出一些解为稳定或渐近稳定的广义Birkhoff系统.该方法也适合其他约束力学系统.最后用算例说明结果的应用.     

用拉格朗日相关结构研究圆盘启动过程的流体输运

利用粒子成像测速(PIV)技术,得到了圆盘启动涡环流场的速度分布和涡量分布.圆盘启动涡环流场的有限时间李雅普诺夫指数场(Finit-time Lyapunov exponents,FTLE)以及拉格朗日相关结构(Lagrangian coherent structures,LCS)被计算出来.基于圆盘启动涡环流场的有限时间李雅普诺夫指数场以及拉格朗日相关结构,通过跟踪流体质点,对圆盘启动涡环流场的输运情况进行了分析.在圆盘启动涡环形成过程中,流体发现被圆盘和相互排斥的拉格朗日相关结构分成三部分.剪切流窗口(vorticity-flux window)被发现,涡量流通过剪切流窗口进入涡核.涡环的非定常边界被确定,它由相互排斥的拉格朗日相关结构背风面、圆盘以及剪切流窗口组成.     

一类刚-梁耦合系统定态运动的稳定性

采用带有一悬臂梁的刚体模型, 研究了一类自由的刚-弹耦合系统定态运动的稳定 性. 直接从原始系统出发(未做离散化处理),综合考虑了系统的平动与姿态运动的 耦合,在非完整坐标的Lagrange力学体系下选取状态变量,结合Lyapunov直接方 法和Chetaev的从运动方程的首次积分构造Lyapunov泛函的 方法. 引入的变量使得Lyapunov泛函形式简单,给运动稳定性分析带来了很大的方便. 最终给出了系统的定态运动按尺度稳定的充分条件.     

A closed model of fluctuating particle motion in a turbulent flow

Random particle motion in a turbulent and molecular velocity fluctuation field is considered. Using a spectral representation of the carrier-phase Eulerian velocity fluctuation correlations, a closed system of integral equations for calculating the carrier-phase velocity correlation along the particle trajectory and the particle Lagrangian velocity fluctuation correlation is obtained. Based on this system, the fluctuations of the particle parameters are analyzed. In the limiting case of a passive admixture, an estimate is found for the ratio of the integral Lagrangian and Eulerian time scales and the Kolmogorov constant for the Lagrangian structure function of the carrier-phase velocity fluctuations.     

Bifurcations and equilibria in the extended N-body ring problem

We consider the motion of an infinitesimal particle under the gravitational field of (n+1) bodies in ring configuration, that consist of n primaries of equal mass m placed at the vertices of a regular polygon, plus another primary of mass m₀=βm located at the geometric center of the polygon. We analyze the phase flow, determine the equilibria of the system, their linear stability and the bifurcations depending on the mass of the central primary (parameter β).This study is extended to the case when the central body is an ellipsoid or a radiation source. In this case, the topology of the problem is modified.     

Energy dissipation mechanism and experiment of particle dampers for gear transmission under centrifugal loads

As a passive means of vibration reduction, particle damping is mainly applied to the horizontal or vertical steady field. However, it is seldom applied to centrifugal fields. Under high speed and heavy loading, the vibration of tooth surfaces of gear transmissions becomes more severe shortening gear service life and augmenting noise. Under centrifugal loading, the particle system exhibits different characteristics, for example, particles are extruded at the end farthest from the center. We investigated gears with drilled via holes filled with damping particles. Using the discrete-element method, we developed an energy dissipation model for the particle system accounting for friction and inelastic collisions. Energy dissipation and damping characteristics of this system were analyzed. Experiments were also conducted with the gear system having different particle filling rates. The results show that this filling rate is an important parameter associated with particle damping in a centrifugal field. An unsuitable filling rate would significantly reduce damping effectiveness. With changes in rotation speed and load, the gear transmission system has different optimal filling rates. The results provide guidelines for the application of particle damping in centrifugal fields of gear transmissions.     

Coupled trajectory and attitude stability of displaced orbits

Coupled trajectory and attitude stability of displaced solar orbits is studied by using sailcraft with a kind of two-folding construction with two unequal rectangular plates forming a right angle. Three-dimensional coupled trajectory and attitude equations are developed for the coupled dynamical system, and the results show that all three types of displaced solar orbits widely referenced can be achieved through selecting an appropriate size of the two-folding sail. An anal- ysis of the corresponding linear stability of the trajectory and attitude coupled system is carried out, and both trajectory and attitude linearly stable orbits are found to exist in a small range of parameters, whose non-linear stability is then examined via numerical simulations. Finally, passively stable orbits are found to have weak stability, and such passive means of station-keeping are attractive and useful in practice because of its simplicity.     

Scattering of nonspherical particles rebounding from a smooth and a rough surface in a high-speed gas-particle flow

Scattering indicatrices of nonspherical particles rebounding from a smooth and a rough surface are obtained by direct Monte Carlo simulations. Particles shaped as ellipsoids of revolution, rectangular prisms, and prisms with truncated vertices are considered. Surface roughness is defined as a two-dimensional profile whose scattering characteristics are close to those of real roughness induced by abrasive erosion of the surface in a high-speed gas-particle flow. Impact interaction of an individual particle with the surface is considered in a three-dimensional formulation. The scattering indicatrices of reflected particles are found to depend substantially on the particle shape in the case of rebound from a smooth surface and to be almost independent of the particle shape if the particles rebound from a rough surface. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 79–88, March–April, 2008.     

Principles and Synthesis of Hydractive CRONE Suspension

Mechatronic subsystems have been extensively developed in automotive applications as they increase performance compared to passive components. The Hydractive CRONE suspension based on fractional differentiation is presented as a hybrid system undergoing an infinite sequence of autonomous switchings. The modelling and operation of Hydractive CRONE suspension as a hybrid system are presented. The stability of Hydractive CRONE suspension is demonstrated using the maximum principle extended to hybrid systems. Finally, comfort mode synthesis is proposed using the third generation CRONE control system design.     

Principles and Synthesis of Hydractive CRONE Suspension

Mechatronic subsystems have been extensively developed in automotive applications as they increase performance compared to passive components. The Hydractive CRONE suspension based on fractional differentiation is presented as a hybrid system undergoing an infinite sequence of autonomous switchings. The modelling and operation of Hydractive CRONE suspension as a hybrid system are presented. The stability of Hydractive CRONE suspension is demonstrated using the maximum principle extended to hybrid systems. Finally, comfort mode synthesis is proposed using the third generation CRONE control system design.     

Stability of motion of a particle with variable constraints

A mechanical system represented by a particle moving over an arbitrary surface that rotates about a vertical axis with constant angular speed is considered. Sufficient conditions for the parametric asymptotic stability of this system are established     

Free and controlled motions of an omniwheel vehicle

The dynamics of a vehicle whose three omniwheels are symmetrically arranged is considered in the case when the vehicle moves on a horizontal plane. Two wheels are parallel to each other, whereas the third one is perpendicular to them; the centers of the wheels are located at the vertices of an isosceles triangle. A phase portrait is constructed under the assumption that there are no external actions (except for gravity). The stability conditions for uniform rectilinear motions are compared with the Chaplygin sleigh model. The stability and bifurcation of steady motions are discussed in the case of constant control.     

改进的粒子滤波在列车组合定位系统中的应用

为了克服粒子退化现象,将奇异值分解Unscented卡尔曼滤波（SVD-UKF）和粒子滤波相结合,利用SVD-UKF得到粒子滤波的重要性分布,提出了一种改进的粒子滤波算法。该算法将最新观测信息引入到状态估计中,不但使估计精度优于常规的粒子滤波,而且继承了奇异值分解数值稳定性好的优点,因而具有较强的鲁棒性。将该算法应用到列车组合定位系统,与经典粒子滤波进行仿真比较,结果表明,提出的改进粒子滤波算法导航定位精度高,算法稳定性好。