Lipids of microalgae. I. Lipids and a protein hydrolysate fromMonochrysis lutheri

The class composition and the total fatty acid composition of the readily- and difficulty-extractable lipids and the amino acid composition of a protein hydrolysate of the dry biomass from the golden-yellow microalgaMonochrysis lutheri have been determined for the first time. It has been established that the difficulty-extractable lipids differ sharply from the readily extractable lipids in the composition of the neutral and glycolipid components and also in that of the fatty acids; 27% of the weight of the fatty acids of the latter is composed of the 20:4 and 20:5 species. The protein hydrolysate ofM. lutheri contains almost the whole set of essential fatty acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 507–511, July–August, 1993.     

Lipids of two species of brown algae of the genusLaminaria

The compositions of the neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and fatty acids of the brown algaeLaminaria japonica andLaminaria cichoriodes have been studied. It has been found that the glycolipids are the main lipid classes in these algae. Palmitic, oleic, and polyunsaturated acids with 18 and 20 carbon atoms form the group of main acids. The lipids of both species of theLaminaria genus have a complex composition but they differ by the ratios of their fatty acids.Institute of Marine Biology, Far-eastern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, fax (4232) 310900, e-mail: lipid@biom.marine.su. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 1999.     

Lipids ofOriganum tytthanthum

The composition of lipids and fatty acids from the above-ground part ofOriganum tytthanthum Gontsch. (Lamiaceae) is studied. Lipids from the air-dried plant material are enriched in glycolipids, essential fatty acids, and biologically active lipophilic substances. The free fatty acids include 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (0.5 % by GLC).Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 100–102, March–April, 2000.     

A peculiarity of the composition of the free fatty acids in the seed lipids of plants of the family Labiatae

The composition of the free fatty acids of nine species of the family Labiatae has been studied and it has been established that the combined free fatty acids are more diverse in composition and are richer in saturated components than the acids bound in the corresponding triacylglycerols.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 443–446, July–August, 1981. Original article submitted January 20, 1981.     

Lipids ofSilene brahuica

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the lipid complex of the epigeal part ofSilene brahuica Boiss. (family Caryophyllaaceae) have been studied. The fatty acid composition of the acyl-containing lipids has been determined. Some differences have been found in the compositions of the fatty acids of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 512–514, July–August, 1993.     

Phospholipids of the grape

In the berries of the cultivated grape vineVitis vinifera L. nine phospholipid fractions have been identified, the main ones being phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. The composition and position distribution of the fatty acids has been studied.Physicochemical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Odessa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 165–168, March–April, 1984.     

Features of synthesis of fatty acids in active lipid-forming yeasts

Features of the accumulation of fatty acids and the changes in their composition in seven strains of yeasts that are promising producing agents of lipids have been studied. It has been shown that in the process of accumulation of lipids in the biomass changes take place that lead to a fall in the degree of unsaturation of the pool of fatty acids. This nature of the change in the composition of the fatty acids is, as has been shown by measuring their absolute amounts in the biomass, connected with the intensive synthesis of oleic and palmitic acids as components of the reserve lipids. The results obtained form the basis for an evaluation of the promising nature of individual strains as active producers of fatty acids.Moscow Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 788–791, November–December, 1988.     

Composition of the phospholipids of seeds ofDipthychocarpus strictus

Summary The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the total phospholipids of the seeds ofDipthychocarpus have been determined. The fatty-acid compositions and position specificities of the distribution of the fatty acids in the main phospholipids ofDipthychocarpus seeds have been determined and, on this basis, their possible molecular composition has been calculated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 435–439, July–August, 1976.     

Lipids of the seeds ofSecurinega suffruticosa

The lipid composition of the seeds ofSecurinega suffruticosa (Euphorbiaceae) has been studied, and eight classes of lipids have been identified with a predominance of triacylglycerols; the fatty acid compositions and structures of the triacylglycerols have been determined. Among the hydroxy acids of the hydroxyacylglycerols 13 components belonging to saturated, monoenic, and dienic acids of the C₁₇, C₁₈, and C₂₀ series have been identified; 12-hydroxyheptadecanoic and 12-hydroxyeicosanoic acids are new.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 277–281, May–June, 1986.     

Composition of the floral waxes ofRosa gallica, Jasminum grandiflorumm, andViola odorata

The chemical compositions of the waxes of the flowers ofRosa gallica L., Jasminum grandiflorum L., andViola odorata L. have been characterized. The waxes of these plants mainly contained hydrocarbons and fatty and cyclic alcohols and their esters with fatty acids. The highest level of free fatty acids (12.4%) was found in theJ. grandiflorum wax. Depending on the plant species, the above-mentioned groups of substances differed in composition and amount, but hydrocarbons predominated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (371) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 327–333, May–June, 1999.     

Fatty-acid composition of two <Emphasis Type="Italic">Limonium</Emphasis> plant species

The fatty-acid composition of two Limonium plant species (Plumbaginaceae), including both saturated and polyunsaturated acids, was determined for the first time using chromatography—mass-spectrometry. High contents of palmitic, oleic, linolenic, and linoleic acids were found. Methyl esters of fatty acids in Limonium Popovii were identified by mass spectrometry as hexadecanedioic, eicosanedioic, and docosanedioic acids.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 344–346, September–October, 2004.     

Epoxy and hydroxy acids of the seed oil ofGaleopsis bifida

The lipids of the seeds of the hemp nettle, which is toxic for ruminants have been studied. The composition of the fatty acids of five classes of lipids and the position-species composition of the triacylglycerols have been determined. The presence of epoxyacyl- and hydroxyacylglycerols in the oil and the structures of the acids of these lipids have been established. Squalene has been isolated from the oil.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 288–295, May–June, 1981.     

Seed oil ofCousinia severzovii

The composition of the seed oil ofCousinia severzovii has been studied; about 20 types and classes of compounds were isolated from the oil, including 6% of triterpenes with a molecular weight of 426 in the free state, as the acetylated derivatives, and as derivatives acylated with higher fatty acids of the 34:0–13:0 group in a ratio of 1:1:2, respectively; and 3.8% of oxidized acylglycerols (seven types). The classes of lipids were represented by no individual compound but only by a series of homologs or isomers.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 38–44, January–February, 1981.     

Lipids ofBryonia alba

The lipid composition of the roots ofBryonia alba (Cucurbitaceae) have been studied: It consists of fractions of 3-acyloxy-24-alkyl(alkenyl)-cholest-7-enes (I), triacylglycerols (II), 1,2-diacyl-3-monoglycopyranosyl-sn-glycerols (III), 1,2-diacyl-3-diglycopyranosyl-sn-glycerols (IV), 1,3-bis(3-sn-phosphatidyl)glycerols (V), 3-sn-phosphatidylethanolamines (VI), 3-sn-phosphatidylcholines (VII), and methyl esters of fatty acids (VIII). The amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the lipid fractions (I–VIII) is 60–94%, the main component being linolenic acid.A. L. Mndzhoyan Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Erevan. Translated from Khimiya Pridodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, pp. 781–785, November–December, 1980.     

Unusual acid isomers in the phospholipids ofErysimum

Summary The great diversity of the fatty acids of the total phospholipids and of the neutral lipids of the seedsErysimum sp.(sylvestris?) has been shown. By combination of the methods of UV, IR, and mass spectrometry, and also by TLC and GLC analyses with chemical methods of analysis with the fatty acids the presence in the phospholipids of the seeds of this plant of isomers of linoleic and eicosadienic acids that are unusual for the phospholipids of higher plants has been shown.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 180–184, March–April, 1978.     

Investigation of kernel oils of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus robur</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus cerris</Emphasis>

The kernel oils of Quercus robur and Quercus cerris were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether. Oil yields were found to be 5.2–5.6% and 4.3–4.8% for Q. robur and Q. cerris kernel, respectively (expressed in g per 100 g of dried plant material). The physical and chemical constants, unsaponifiable matter and total fatty acids were determined. The total fatty acid composition of oils was determined by GC in the methyl ester form. Considering the composition and content of fatty acids, the examined kernel oils were very similar. Seven fatty acid components were identified in both oils: palmitic, stearic, arachidic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, and -linolenic. In Q. robur and Q. cerris kernel oils the principal acids were oleic (44.3% and 43.0%, respectively) and linoleic (37.2% and 32.6%, respectively), followed by a significant amount of palmitic acid.Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 347–348, September–October, 2004.     

Composition of the phospholipids of seeds of Cercis siliquastrum

The phospholipids of the polar lipids of the seeds of the Judas tree and the fatty-acid composition of the N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines, the phosphatidylcholines, and the phosphatidylethanolamines, and also the molecular-species types of the fatty acids of the phosphatidylcholines and the phosphatidylethanolamines have been studied. It has been established that the seeds of the Judas tree contain ten phospholipids. The main fatty acids are palmitic and oleic.I. V. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Georgian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Nos. 3,4, pp. 320–323, May–August, 1992.     

Influence of plant additives on properties of polymers

The chemical composition of the fatty mass representing a waste from the oils and fats industry has been studied. It has been shown that of the fatty acids the 18:2 species possesses a pronounced stabilizing action on polymers, and of polyolefins the least oxidized part of the gossypol pigments, while the fatty mass is a more effective stabilizer than its individual components.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 616–621, September–October, 1989.     

Phospholipids of the medium-fiber cotton plant variety 159-F

Summary 1. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the PLs of an industrial medium-fiber cotton plant of variety 159-F (1972 and 1974 harvests) have been considered. It has been shown that the total PL amounted to 1.76 and 1.85% and consisted of 60–65% PC, 16–18% PI, 6–8% PE, and 10–14% of combined minor components, respectively.2. The distribution of the lipid phosphorus has been studied during the isolation of PLs by selective solvents. The lipid phosphorus amounted to 5.5% of the total phosphorus in the seed kernels.3. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the fatty acids of the individual lipid fractions and of the individual PCs, PIs, and PEs have been determined. The position distribution of the fatty acids of the main groups of PLs has been established and a possible molecular composition has been given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 198–202, March–April, 1977.     

Carbohydrates and lipids ofPleurotus ostreatus

The composition of the fruiting body ofPleurotus ostreatus has been studied. The total neutral lipids and phospholipids have been isolated. In the neutral lipids, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and sterol and triterpenol esters predominated. In the phospholipids, the main components were phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines. The qualitative compositions of the sugars and the pectin are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 74. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 362–364, May–June, 1995. Original article submitted June 20, 1994.