少量稀土元素氧化物对于一种矩磁铁氧体磁心性能的影响

本文报导了少量稀土元素氧化物(La₂O₃,CeO₂,Sm₂O₃,Gd₂O₃和Y₂O₃)对于一种含ZnO和CuO的Mg-Mn矩磁铁氧体磁心性能的影响,简要地叙述了样品的制备过程。测量了磁心的静态磁滞迴线,饱和磁化强度,居里点和讯号杂音比。实验结果表明:加La₂O₃或Gd₂O₃可以增加矩形比和(B-H_m/2)/B_m和讯号杂音比,并使后者的分布往高比值移动,但加CeO₂,Sm₂O₃或Y₂O₃却没有使这些性能改善,甚至有所降低。文中举例说明了磁心尺寸对于矩形比、淬火温度和稀土元素氧化物的含量对于讯号杂音比的影响。最后指出:这种方法可能提供一种改善磁心某些性能而不显著改变其居里点的途径。     

包钴型γ-Fe2O3磁粉矫顽力的研究

包钴型γ-Fe₂O₃磁粉分为包钴γ-Fe₂O₃(简记为Co-γ-Fe₂O₃)和包钴包亚铁γ-Fe₂O₃(简记为CoFe-γ-Fe₂O₃)两种,它们的矫顽力可比γ-Fe₂O₃磁粉的提高100至400Oe左右,本工作对这两种磁粉矫顽力增大的原因作了探讨,认为它们矫顽力增大的机制不同:CO-γ-Fe₂O₃矫顽力增大是由于表面包覆一层Co(OH)₂使表面各向异性增大,而CoFe-γ-Fe₂O₃则是由于表面包覆的是钴铁氧体,γ-Fe₂O₃与钴铁氧体之间发生耦合作用,使矫顽力增大。     

磁场热处理对含钴的尖晶石型铁氧体共振线宽的影响

本文在Haas-Calln所提出的,由于从一个离子到另一个离子的自旋-轨道互作用的变化而引起的铁磁子散射的机构的基础上,考虑了含少量钴的正型尖晶石型铁氧体或Fe₃O₄内,磁场热处理对铁磁共振线宽的影响。由于钴离子在八面体位上有了择优分布,对共振线宽的贡献除了各向同性的部分外,还出现了一各向导性的部分,后者是热处理时所加磁场的方向及M的方向的函数。每百分之一的钴在正型铁氧体中所导致的最大与最小的线宽间的差值约为4奥。     

FTIR研究快中子辐照直拉硅中的VO2

快中子辐照直拉硅(CZ-Si)经400—450℃热处理后，空位_双氧复合体(VO₂)是其 主要 的缺陷.在300—500℃热处理快中子辐照的CZ_Si后，IR光谱中有919．6cm^-1和 1006cm^-1两个吸收峰伴随VO₂(889cm^-1)出现，这两个IR吸收 峰是VO₂的一种亚稳态缺陷(O-V-O)引起的，此缺陷态是由一个VO(A中心)与次临近的一个 间隙氧原子(O_i)相互作用所形成的.在300℃延长退火时间或升高退火温度，都 会使(O -V-O)转变为稳态VO₂.辐照剂量在10¹⁹数量级，经400—450℃热处 理所形成的缺陷主要为多空位型，而VO₂被抑制.     

镉取代对纳米镍铁氧体结构和磁性的影响

采用湿化学共沉淀法合成了Ni_1-xCd_xFe₂O₄ (0≤x≤0.5)的混合铁氧体,利用X射线衍射对其结构和晶相进行表征．结果表明：随着镉Cd浓度的增加晶格参数逐渐增大．扫描电子显微镜研究微观结构,TG/DTA研究了硫酸共沉淀物．揭示了在650 oC合成铁氧体同时进行分解．测量了纳米粒子的磁化强度和交流磁化率．结果表明,Ni_1-xCd_xFe₂O₄混合铁氧体的磁化率、居里温度和有效磁矩随着镉含量的增加下降。     

复合层状Bi7Ti4NbO21铁电陶瓷的结构与介电和压电性能研究

制备了Bi₇Ti₄NbO_{21，Bi4Ti3O12及Nb掺杂Bi4Ti3O12(Nb-Bi4Ti3O12)层状结构铁电陶瓷材料.结合Nb-Bi 4Ti3O12的介电温谱和 退极化实验结果，研究了Bi7Ti4NbO21的晶体结构 对其介电、压电性能的影响 .高分辨透射电镜结果表明，在Bi7Ti4NbO21中， 沿着c轴方向，(Bi2Ti3O10)^2-和(BiTiNbO7)^2-两个类钙钛矿层分别 与(Bi2O2)²⁺层叠加堆积而成.这种晶体结构决定了Bi7Ti4NbO21的 介电温谱在668℃和845℃出现介 电双峰.结合极化样品的退化实验分析，说明材料在这两个温度附近发生了铁电—铁电相变 、铁电—顺电相变，分别是(Bi2Ti3O10)^{2-< /sup>和(BiTiNbO7)2-层状 结构发生微观结构相变的结果.在退极化过程中，由于受热时钙钛矿层内空位引起的缺陷偶 极子的定向排列受到破坏，引起材料部分退极化，表现为300℃热处理后Bi7Ti 4NbO 21的压电活性降低了10%，显示了室温下材料的压电性能来源于自发极化的固有电 偶极子和缺陷偶极子的共同贡献.}}     

O2分子吸附的金属表面的O2(1Δg)猝灭

建立了一套流动装置测量单重态氧O₂(¹Δ_g)在O₂分子吸附的金属Cu、Cr、Ni和Ag表面的猝灭几率. 随实验时间和O₂(¹Δ_g)浓度增加,猝灭几率增加. 当上述金属样品在几帕斯卡的真空度下暴露数小时后猝灭几率会回到原先水平. 提出了一种基于表面吸附位上弱化学吸附的表面吸附氧分子O₂(¹∑_{g相似文献}   

Al3+掺杂的CuZn铁氧体的结构，电学和磁学特性

采用固相合成反应技术制备纳米Cu_0.5Zn_0.5Fe_2-xAl_xO₂(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4和0.5)铁氧体材料,研究Al³⁺含量对结构,电学和磁学性质的影响. 采用X射线衍射研究单相立方尖晶石结构. 利用Scherrer公式估算晶粒尺寸. 测定了温度依赖的直流电阻率.结果表明随Al³⁺含量的增加,晶格常数减小,孔隙度增加,饱和磁化强度值降低,Al³⁺对铁氧体的介电常数、介电损耗角的正切值和介质损耗因子等介电性能有明显影响,这可能与空间电荷极化有关.     

氰基取代亚甲基自由基的氧气氧化: 新颖Criegee中间体NCC(H)OO顺、反异构体的红外光谱探测

本文采用基质隔离红外光谱分别对15.0 K温度下的HC(N₂)CN/O₂/N₂和HCCNCO/O₂/N₂混合物(1/50/1000)的激光光解过程开展了实验研究. 结果表明：两者在紫外激光光照下均可产生Criegee中间体NCC(H)OO的顺、反两种构象异构体. 对NCC(H)OO的红外光谱解析得到了氧同位素(¹⁸O)标记实验和BP86/6-311++G(3df,3pd)理论计算结果的支持. 实验发现NCC(H)OO在紫外光照下可进一步与氧气分子发生二次反应,生成氰基甲醛和臭氧,而未得到被理论所预测的能量较低的双环氧乙烷异构体cyclic-NCC(O₂)H.     

糠醇辅助的聚合凝胶法制备纳米Li4Ti5O12负极材料

以硝酸锂、钛酸正丁酯和糠醇为反应物,采用糠醇聚合凝胶法制备了纳米Li₄Ti₅O₁₂粉体．利用XRD、SEM和BET比表面测试对产物进行了表征,并研究了纳米Li₄Ti₅O₁₂粉体作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能．在700℃或更高温度烧结时产物为纯相的尖晶石型．通过柠檬酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)表面活性剂的加入能够减少产物颗粒的团聚程度,增大粉体的比表面积,提高其电化学性能．加入0.5 g CTAB、700℃烧结12 h的Li₄Ti₅O₁₂粉体展示出最高的比容量和最佳的循环性能,10 C下充电比容量高达156.7 mAh/g．     

钇—镧石榴石型铁氧体系统的磁性和铁磁共振的研究

本文对钇-镧石榴石型铁氧体系Y_3(1-x)La_3xFe₅O₁₂(其中x=0,0.05,0.10,O.20,0.30,0.50,0.75和1.00)的磁性和铁磁共振进行了研究。由X射线粉末照相分析和金相观察确定了石榴石转构的单相区域。测量了饱和磁矩σ_s、起始磁导率μ₀、矫顽力H_c及有效g因子g_eff和共振线宽△H(3970和9160兆赫)与La含量x的关系。由磁性和铁磁共振的测量结果表明单相区城要比由X射线分析和金相观察的结果更窄一些。讨论了不同成分的σ_s的变化,μ₀与磁化机构的关系。由g_eff与频率的关系计算出内场H_i和材料的内禀g因子。从磁的不均匀性的观点解释了实验上观测到的△H、H_i和H_c在一定成分范围内与x的指数式关系。 关键词：     

时效、断续载荷和再溶处理对于铝铜合金的疲劳过程的影响

【摘　要】本文研究了各种处理对于含铜1％、2％和4％的铝合金在疲劳载荷下ΔE和T_m的变化的影响,并进行了相应的金相观测。用Al-1％Cu合金所进行的试验指出,当外加扭应变较大时,ΔE和T_m曲线的形状类似于高纯铝或工业纯铝;当扭应变较小时,或在室温进行预先时效后,曲线的形状类似于Al-4％Cu合金。这些结果都可以根据溶质原子对于位错的交互作用的看法得到解释。对于Al-1％Cu和Al-2％Cu合金进行了断续的疲劳载荷试验,结果证明了ΔE在疲劳后期的上升是由于试样里出现了集中的粗滑移区,而不是由于疲劳载荷引起了过时效从而使试样发生软化的结果。用Al-4％Cu合金进行了疲劳和再溶处理的试验,根据ΔE和T_m曲线的表现情况来看,认为如在ΔE的后期上升后立即对试样进行再溶处理,即可以使试样回复到原来的状态,但当ΔE上升过了一个时期以后,由于试样中已有裂缝出现,对试样进行再溶处理,反足以加速试样的断裂。根据实验结果,可以总结出两个具有实际意义的推论:(1)由于粗滑移带的出现是形成疲劳裂缝的先声,所以有可能通过测量ΔE的方法来查知初发裂缝的形成;(2)通过加入合金元素和进行热处理的方法,可以推迟粗滑移带的出现,从而提高铝合金试样的疲劳寿命。     

Bi-2223银夹板厚膜的载流特性与应变的关系

测量了Bi_1.8Pb_0.4Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_y银夹板厚膜的应力与应变、应变和临界电流密度关系,及其在不同应变下的J_c(H)特性.结果表明,在应力-应变曲线上存在两个应变转变,分别对应于Bi_1.8Pb_0.4Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_{y关键词：}     

Study of NiCuZn ferrite powders and films prepared by sol gel method

This paper reports that a series of NiCuZn ferrite powders and films are prepared by using sol-gel method.The effects of raw material composition and the calcinate temperature on magnetic properties of them are investigated.The NiCuZn ferrite powders are prepared by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method and subsequently heated at 700 C～1000 C.The results show that NiCuZn ferrite powders with single spinel phase can be formed after heat-treating at 750 C.Powders obtained from Ni 0.4 Cu 0.2 Zn 0.4 Fe 1.9 O 4 gel have better magnetic properties than those from gels with other composition.After heat-treating at 900 C for 3 h,coercivity H c and saturation magnetization M s are 9.7 Oe (1 Oe=80 A/m) and 72.4 emu/g,respectively.Different from the powders,NiCuZn films produced on Si (100) from the Ni 0.4 Cu 0.2 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 gel formed at room temperature possess high properties.When heat-treating condition is around 600 C for 6 min,samples with low H c and high M s will be obtained.The minimal H c is 16.7 Oe and M s is about 300 emu/cm 3.In comparison with the films prepared through long-time heat treating,the films prepared through short heat-treating time exhibits better soft magnetic properties.     

溅射原子角分布与靶点表面形貌的关联研究

27keV的Ar⁺离子垂直轰击处于不同温度的Cd靶,用捕获膜技术和Rutherford背散射谱仪(RBS)测定溅射原子角分布,并对所有样品的靶点形貌进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察。结果发现,所有的角分布都呈over-cosine形状,但是在极角为0°处实验值与cosine值的偏离△,是不同的,在靶温度为150℃时的偏离△_T小于在室温时的偏离△_R,亦即△_T<△_R,提出一个简单的模型对这种溅射角分布 关键词：     

Mössbauer and magnetic studies on nanocrystalline NiFe2O4 particles prepared by ethylene glycol route

NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles have been synthesized by co-precipitation method at 145°C in N₂ atmosphere using ethylene glycol as solvent and capping agent. This gives the promising synthesis route for nanoparticles at low temperature. The as-synthesized NiFe₂O₄ is subsequently heated at 400°C, 500°C, 700°C and 800°C. Crystallite size increases with the heat treatment temperature. The heat treatment temperature has direct effect on the electron paramagnetic resonance and intrinsic magnetic properties. The room temperature Mössbauer spectrum of the 800°C heated sample shows the two sextets pattern indicating that the sample is ferrimagnetic and Fe^3?+? ions occupy both tetrahedral and octahedral sites of spinel structure.     

Electron magnetic resonance and magnetooptical studies of nanoparticle-containing borate glasses

We report electron magnetic resonance (EMR) and magnetooptical studies of borate glasses of molar composition 22.5K₂O-22.5Al₂O₃-55B₂O₃ co-doped with low concentrations of Fe₂O₃ and MnO. In as-prepared samples the paramagnetic ions, as a rule, are in diluted state. However, in the case where the ratio of the iron and manganese oxides in the charge is 3/2, magnetic nanoparticles with characteristics close to those of manganese ferrite are formed already at the first stage of the glass preparation, as evidenced by both magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and EMR. After thermal treatment all glasses show characteristic MCD and EMR spectra, attesting to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles, predominantly including iron ions. Preliminary EXAFS measurements at the Fe K-absorption edge show an emergence of nanoparticles with a structure close to MnFe₂O₄ after annealing the glasses at 560 °C.By computer simulating the EMR spectra at variable temperatures, a superparamagnetic nature of relatively broad size and shape distribution with the average diameter of ca. 3-4 nm. The characteristic temperature-dependent shift of the apparent resonance field is explained by a strong temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy in the nanoparticles.The formation of magnetic nanoparticles confers to the potassium-alumina-borate glasses magnetic and magneto-optical properties typical of magnetically ordered substances. At the same time, they remain transparent in a part of the visible and near infrared spectral range and display a high Faraday rotation value.     

Heat treatment effects on spinel phase of Zn x Ni1 − x Fe2O4 and MnFe2O4 nanoferrites

We report the effects of heat treatment on Zn _x Ni_1???x Fe₂O₄ (x?= 0, 0.5 and 1.0) and MnFe₂O₄ ferrite nanoparticles. The as-prepared compounds were sintered from 400°C to 1100°C. Pure ZnFe₂O₄ (x?= 1.0) and MnFe₂O₄ could be obtained under low reaction temperature of 200°C. NiFe₂O₄ (x?= 0) and Zn_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄ (x?= 0.5) nanoferrites crystallized with single phase cubic spinel structure after annealing at 600°C. The single phase cubic spinel structure of these compounds was destroyed after annealing at temperature above 700°C. The magnetization measurements indicate superparamagnetic behavior of the nanosized compounds produced.     

Effect of reaction condition on microstructure and properties of (NiCuZn)Fe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation with ultrasonic irradiation

Nano-spinel ferrites synthesized via chemical co-precipitation method are small in size and have serious agglomeration phenomenon, which makes separation difficult in the subsequent process. Ni_0.4Cu_0.2Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄ ferrites nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation assisted with ultrasonic irradiation produced by ultrasonic cleaner with 20 kHz frequency using chlorinated salts and KOH as initial materials. The effects of ultrasonic power (0, 40 W, 60 W, 80 W) and reaction temperature on the microstructure and magnetic properties of ferrite nanoparticles were investigated. The structure analyses via XRD revealed the successful formation of pure (NiCuZn)Fe₂O₄ ferrites nanospinel without any impurity. The crystallites sizes were less than 40 nm and the lattice constant was near 8.39 Å. The TEM showed ferrite particle polygonal. M−H analyses performed the saturation magnetization and coercivity of ferrite nanoparticles obtained at the reaction temperature of 25℃ were higher than at 50℃ with same power. The samples exhibited the highest values of Ms 55.67 emu/g at 25℃ and 47.77 emu/g at 50℃ for 60 W and the lowest values of Hc 71.23 Oe at 25℃ for 40 W and 52.85 Oe at 50℃ for 60 W. The squareness ratio (SQR) were found to be lower than 0.5, which revealed the single magnetic domain nature (NiCuZn)Fe₂O₄ nanoparticles. All the outcomes show the ultrasonic irradiation has positive effects on improving the microstructure and increasing magnetic properties.