用于电子能谱测量的LiF热释光探测器标定

 用γ标准源对LiF热释光探测器（TLD）的灵敏度因子、线性吸收系数、离散性、重复性进行了测定。在此基础上建立了电子质量阻止本领的修正模型，理论上计算出电子等效质量阻止本领，给出单能电子的注量。由LiF TLD阵列可测量激光等离子体相互作用中发射的超热电子能谱（能量-注量关系）。     

铪离子等离子体源离子注入铜基体的数值模拟

通过SRIM软件对铪离子等离子体源离子注入铜进行了模拟。模拟了铪离子注入铜的核阻止本领、电子阻止本领、入射深度随能量的变化,以及在不同注入条件下铪离子的摩尔浓度分布,并对模拟结果进行了分析。结果显示:能量低于6 MeV时核阻止本领占主导地位,高于6 MeV时电子阻止本领成为主要的能量损失,并且离子注入过程中会出现能量沉积的Bragg峰和质量沉积区域较集中的现象,入射深度随能量的增加而增加。     

微通道板离子壁垒膜及其对入射离子的阻止作用

给出了三代微光像管中微通道板离子壁垒膜对入射正离子阻止作用的描述,引进了核阻止本领、电子阻止本领和平均射程的概念。结合Tomas-Fermi屏蔽势进行了分析讨论和Monte-Carlo模拟计算,给出Al₂O₃和SiO₂薄膜对不同能量垂直入射时的核、电子阻止的定量结果。得出了Al₂O₃薄膜阻止本领比SiO₂阻止本领高的结论。证实了选用Al₂O₃离子壁垒膜的科学性和可行性。     

质子照相中基于能量损失的密度重建

提出了一种质子能量在中高能时利用能量损失进行密度重建的方法,并利用Bethe-Bolch公式给出了利用能量损失进行密度重建的方程及条件.针对1.6 GeV的质子能量,通过定量计算常见材料的阻止本领,得出质子能量在1.45–1.6 GeV范围内时,材料的阻止本领的变化率小于1%,可近似为常数.最后,通过理论计算和Geant 4模拟,得出质子能量在1.6 GeV时,可以对面密度为113 g/cm²的缩比法国实验客体进行密度重建.     

入射粒子与靶相互作用中电子能损的高阶修正

研究了在较高能入射离子（He离子、 12_C离子）与靶相互作用中电子能量损失的物理机制, 分别探讨了电子能量损失中的相对论修正、 壳修正、 密度修正以及Barkas效应和Bloch效应等修正的贡献, 发现壳修正、 Barkas效应修正和Bloch效应修正在能量小于100 MeV时是重要的, 而相对论修正和密度修正是在能量大于100 MeV时起作用。 加入各种修正项之后, 电子阻止本领的计算结果和实验值（ICRU49）符合更好。 The mechanisms of electronic energy loss in the process of incident particles interaction with Si and Al₂O₃ at proper energies are investigated. The contribution to the electronic energy loss from high order corrections, such as the relativistic correction, the shell correction, the density correction, the Barkas effect correction and the Bloch effect correction are discussed respectively. It is found that the shell correction, the Barkas effect correction and the Bloch effect correction are important at low energies, the relativistic correction and the density correction are important at high energies. The calculated results with these higher order corrections are in good agreement with the experiment data (ICRU49).     

激光对宽能域碳离子在双组份等离子体中阻止本领的影响

在线性化伏拉索夫-泊松模型基础上研究了激光辐照下碳离子在双组份等离子体中的阻止本领,重点讨论了不同激光振幅、激光频率、激光角度、等离子体密度和等离子体电子温度对阻止本领的影响。研究结果表明,在全域范围内,激光对阻止本领的影响都非常明显。在低能区域（入射速度为等离子体电子热速度的0～0.1倍）,碳离子的阻止本领主要来自于等离子体中离子的贡献,特别是在入射速度约为等离子体离子热速度时,阻止本领出现了第一个峰值;在中高能区域（入射速度大于0.1倍的等离子体电子热速度）,碳离子的能量损失主要来自于等离子体中电子的贡献,特别是在入射速度约为等离子体电子热速度的1.5倍时,阻止本领出现了第二个峰值。碳离子在等离子体中阻止本领的这种双峰结构体现了不同能量区域等离子体中离子和电子对阻止本领的贡献。另一方面,激光强度或激光频率的增加削弱了阻止本领,阻止本领会随着等离子体密度的增加或电子温度的降低而增强,特别是由于离子引起的低能峰与电子引起的高能峰相比阻止本领的增强更明显。     

无序度对一维长程关联无序系统中局域化-退局域化转变的影响

对长程幂律关联能量序列进行了修正,使其能体现出无序度在一维长程关联无序系统中的影响,并利用重正化群方法,计算了能反映该系统局域化-退局域化转变的Lyapunov指数.结果表明,在由于关联指数p的影响而在系统中出现的局域化向退局域化的转变中,无序度起着相反的作用.当关联指数p一定而无序度W增大时,系统中心能区范围内由于长程关联而引起的扩展态逐渐向局域态转变.当无序度W增大到某一临界值W_c时,系统中所有本征态均转变为局 关键词： 长程关联 Lyapunov指数 无序度 局域化-退局域化转变     

MeV能量离子在生物样品中的能量损失与能量离散

为了研究 MeV能量离子在生物样品中的能量损失与能量离散, 分别使用1.0, 1.8和2.8 MeV质子和4.5 MeV氦离子分别辐照不同质量厚度的洋葱内表皮膜。 当质子穿过该生物样品后, 可以利用透射能谱测量透射离子的能量损失和能量离散。 实验结果显示, 在以上的生物样品中, MeV能量离子的能量损失值和TRIM程序模拟的结果相吻合, 但是透射离子的能量离散值却与TRIM程序模拟结果有很大的不同。 结合生物样品的结构不均匀的特性, 对Bohr能量离散理论进行了修正, 并发现修正后的Bohr能量离散理论计算结果与实验值符合得很好。     

CMOS器件60Co γ射线、电子和质子电离辐射损伤比较

利用TRIM95蒙特卡罗软件计算了质子在二氧化硅中的质量阻止本领和能量沉积，比较了质子在二氧化硅中的电离阻止本领与核阻止本领，分析了质子在材料的表面吸收剂量与灵敏区实际吸收剂量的关系.利用⁶⁰Co γ射线、1MeV电子和2—9 MeV质子对CC4007RH和CC4011器件进行辐照实验，比较⁶⁰Co γ射线和带电粒子的电离辐射损伤情况.实验结果表明，⁶⁰Co γ射线、1MeV 电子和2—7MeV质子辐照损伤效应中，在0V栅压下可以相互等效； 关键词： γ射线 电子 质子 辐射损伤     

β粒子验证相对论动量-能量关系实验中单能电子阻止本领的研究

本文利用RES-98型相对论效应实验谱仪测定了单能电子在空气中的阻止本领,对单能电子在空气中能量损失规律进行了讨论,分析了β粒子验证相对论动量-能量关系实验中空气对实验结果的影响;实现了在普通实验室进行单能电子阻止本领的测量．     

Correlation effects in the one-dimensional Bose gas

We discuss interaction effects for the one-dimensional Bose gas with a repulsive delta-function interaction potential. We use the random-phase approximation and a finite local-field correction. Analytical results are given for the local-field correction, the pair-correlation function and the ground-state energy. The groundstate energy is found to be in much better agreement with the exact result than the ground-state energy calculated within the Bogoliubov approximation, where local-field corrections are neglected.     

Electronic Stopping Power for 0.05--10MeV Protons in a Group of Organic Materials

Electronic stopping powers for 0. 05-10 MeV protons in a group of organic materials are systematically calculated. The calculations are based on Ashley＇s dielectric model, and an evaluation approach of optical energy loss function is incorporated into Ashley＇s model because no experimental optical data are available for most of the organic materials under consideration. The Barkas-effect correction and Bloch correction are included. The proton stopping powers for the considered organic materials except for mylar in the energy range from 0.05 to 10 MeV are presented for the first time. The results may be useful for studies of various radiation effects in these materials and for space research.     

Investigation of radiological properties of some shielding materials on charged and uncharged radiation interaction for neutron generator

Radiation interaction parameters such as total stopping power, projected range (longitudinal and lateral) straggling, mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number (Z_eff) and electron density (N_eff) of some shielding materials were investigated for photon and heavy charged particle interactions. The ranges, stragglings and mass attenuation coefficients were calculated for the high-density polyethylene(HDPE), borated polyethylene (BPE), brick (common silica), concrete (regular), wood, water, stainless steel (304), aluminum (alloy 6061-O), lead and bismuth using SRIM Monte Carlo software and WinXCom program. In addition, effective atomic numbers (Z_eff) and electron densities (N_eff) of HDPE, BPE, brick (common silica), concrete (regular), wood, water, stainless steel (304) and aluminum (alloy 6061-O) were calculated in the energy region 10?keV–100?MeV using mass stopping powers and mass attenuation coefficients. Two different methods namely direct and interpolation procedures were used to calculate Z_eff for comparison and significant differences were determined between the methods. Variations of the ranges, longitudinal and lateral stragglings of water, concrete and stainless steel (304) were compared with each other in the continuous kinetic energy region and discussed with respect to their Z_effs. Moreover, energy absorption buildup factors (EABF) and exposure buildup factors (EBF) of the materials were determined for gamma rays as well and were compared with each other for different photon energies and different mfps in the photon energy region 0.015–15?MeV.     

氢离子在固体表面掠角散射与能量损失的数值模拟

利用介电响应理论和镜像反射模型对氢离子在固体表面掠角散射和能量损失进行了数值模拟．离子在表面散射时同时受到表面上原子的库仑排斥作用和表面电子气的动力学相互作用,后者是表面电子受运动的正离子扰动所产生,用线性介电响应理论来确定．在高速和低速情况下,分别采用仅与频率有关的局域介电函数和局域场修正介电函数来确定表面电子气产生的动力学相互作用力．计算结果与实验结果作了比较．发现入射速度很低时能量损失随入射角度变化不太明显,而当速度很高时能量损失随入射角度的变大而有所增加. 关键词：     

Range profiles of 6–10 MeV N ions implanted in silicon

Implantation profiles of 6 to 10 MeV ¹⁵N ions in crystalline silicon have been investigated. Measurements of the profiles at depths from 4 to 7 μm were rendered possible by combining the depth profiling of the ¹⁵N atoms through the ¹⁵N(p, γ) ¹²C reaction and the exfoliation of the surface layer of the samples, accomplished by high dose ⁴He ion bombardment. In this way the range profiles, measured at the exfoliated crater bottom, could be obtained accurately without uncertainties due to straggling of the probing proton beam. The range parameters are compared to those of Monte Carlo calculations using the electronic stopping powers given by J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack and U. Littmark [The Stopping Powers and Ranges of Ions in Matter, Vol. 1 (Pergamon, New York, 1985)]. Projected ranges were observed to be 5%–10% larger and range stragglings 27%–6% smaller than those predicted by Monte Carlo calculations along with the adopted stopping power parametrization.     

Lattice dynamics of molybdenum and tungsten

Summary The lattice dynamics of molybdenum and tungsten has been re-examined within the framework of the transition metal model potential by incorporating the local-field correction to the dynamical matrix for phonon dispersion relation. It is observed that the local-field correction can be represented by an attractive short-range potential which tends to cancel or ?screen? the Born-Mayer repulsion. The numerical calculations for molybdenum and tungsten show that the local-field correction plays a significant role and leads to a better agreement between the theoretically computed phonon dispersion curves and the experimental data.     

Stopping powers of CR-39 nuclear track material for Z=1−14 ions with 0.25–2.8 MeV/u

Experimental studies of the slowing down of ¹H, ⁴He, ⁷Li, ¹¹B, ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O, ²³Na, ²⁷Al and ²⁸Si ions in CR-39 nuclear track etch material in the ion energy range 0.25–2.8 MeV/u are presented. The ion stopping powers obtained are compared to the predictions of two recent semiempirical models for calculating ion stopping powers. The predictions are found to clearly underestimate the observed stopping powers for ⁷Li, ¹¹B, ¹²C, ²³Na, ²⁷Al and ²⁸Si ions.     

Stopping powers of Al,Ti, Cu,Zr, Rh,Ag, Ta and Au for 26 MeV alpha particles and Z3 1 correction

Abstract

Stopping powers of Al, Ti, Cu, Zr, Rh, Ag, Ta and Au for 26 MeV alpha particles have been measured using a surface barrier silicon detector with an accuracy of 0.35%. The stopping powers for alpha particles divided by 4 have been compared with the stopping powers for 6.500 MeV protons of the same velocity. Experimental magnitudes of the Z ³ ₁ correction which is contained in the Bethe-Bloch stopping formula were extracted using the alpha-proton difference. Using the experimental Z ³ ₁ corrections thus obtained and the experimental Z ³ ₁ corrections of the previous paper, parameters of γ and b which appear in the theory of Ashley, Ritchie and Brandt for the Z ³ ₁ correction have been determined with exactly the same method as the previous paper as γ = 1.336 and b = 1.32. The magnitude of the Z ³ ₁ correction calculated by the theory of Ashley, Ritchie and Brandt using these parameters have been compared with those obtained by other authors.     

Molecular effect on interatomic potentials

Abstract

In the low energy atomic collision of ε ≤ 0.1, the energy dissipation of projectile ion is mainly by the nuclear stopping. In this energy range Z-oscillation appears on ranges and range stragglings. In order to explain this osciallation from the viewpoint of molecular effect on interatomic potentials, an extended Hückel method is adopted for potential calculation. The Z-dependence on interatomic potentials to describe respective atomic collisions is similar to that of Z ₁-range oscillation. It suggests a possibility of molecular effect on the Z ₁-range oscillation.     

Barkas effect for antiproton stopping in H2

We report the stopping power of molecular hydrogen for antiprotons of kinetic energy above the maximum (approximately 100 keV) with the purpose of comparing with the proton one. Our result is consistent with a positive difference in antiproton-proton stopping powers above approximately 250 keV and with a maximum difference between the stopping powers of 21%+/-3% at around 600 keV.