饱和含混多孔介质自然对流传热传质的电化学方法实验研究

本文建立了饱和含湿多孔介质自然对流传热传质实验台，利用电化学方法，在封闭腔体的两竖壁上建立浓度梯度，实验探讨了两竖壁保持不同的温度和浓度时，腔体内部的温度分布及边壁上的传热传质特性。     

具有嵌入式流道的贯穿电极热再生电池性能特性

多孔电极内物质传输对热再生电池性能至关重要,而传质较佳的穿透电极内仍然存在物质分布不均,为此构建嵌入式流道以强化物质均匀分布和传输。本文研究了嵌入式流道形式及数量、电解液流量对穿透电极热再生电池物质传输及产电性能的影响。研究结果表明,由于交错型流道具有较佳的物质传输和较均匀的物质分布,电池获得了最高功率(10.0 m W)、最大产电量(1929.1 C)和最高的相对卡诺效率(10.2%)。在一定范围内交错型流道数量越多致使物质分布越均匀,电池最大功率越高。此外,电池最大功率随着电解液流量的增加逐渐增大,但增大速率逐渐减小,最佳电解液流量为30 mL/min。     

多元低共熔材料热物性及电池热管理性能研究

多元共熔相变材料在储热及控温领域具有重要的应用价值,本文通过低共熔理论合成了三种多元共熔相变材料,CALA-MA-PA (CLMP),CA-LA-PA-SA (CLPS)和 CA-LA-TD (CLTD),相变温度分别为 13.47℃,13.47℃和 8.95℃,对应的相变潜热为137.67 J·g~(-1),142.44 J·g~(-1)和138.98 J·g~(-1)。此外,本文对合成的多元共熔相变材料的基本物性、导热系数以及热稳定进行研究,并利用电化学产热作为热源,对三种多元共熔相变材料的电池热管理性能进行了研究,结果表明,三种多元共熔相变材料均能达到理想的控温效果,降低温差,提高电池寿命及热安全性。     

多孔介质高温蓄热的热性能分析

高温蓄热是太阳能热发电、高温热利用中的重要组成部分。本文对基于多孔介质和熔融盐流体的高温蓄热过程进行了计算分析,对蓄热时间、流体进口温度、进口速度对斜温层温度分布的影响进行了分析。结果表明进口温度对斜温层厚度的影响较小,进口速度的增加会导致斜温层厚度的增加。同时对流体和多孔介质的温度差进行了分析,得到了应用于局部热平衡和非热平衡的雷诺数判据。     

石墨烯包裹的爆米花中空结构的FeS纳米颗粒作为钠离子电池阳极的性能研究

用一步水热法合成多孔的爆米花形状的由还原石墨烯包裹的FeS纳米颗粒,该复合颗粒作为钠离子电池阳极使用。多孔结构有助于该复合物展现出优越的循环稳定性和速率性能。在电流密度为100 mA g-1时,100次循环之后该复合物依然保持可逆比容量552 mA h g-1;在电流密度为5000 mA g-1时,表现出比容量为307 mA h g-1。此外,Na, S 和 Fe的相图分析揭露了Na 和 FeS 在充放电过程中的氧化还原机制。     

阳极传质对三合一微生物燃料电池性能的影响

物质传输是影响MFC性能的一个重要因素。本文构建三合一膜电极式微生物燃料电池(MFC),研究了阳极传质形式对MFC启动特性、阳极生物膜电化学活性和性能的影响。结果表明,与阳极采用大腔室结构的MFC-1相比,阳极采用蛇形流道的MFC-2由于在启动过程中阳极电解液传质较佳,不但启动较快而且输出电压更高。启动完成后,MFC-2阳极生物膜电化学活性较高,采取不同扫描速度的循环伏安扫描测试证明了这主要是由于蛇形流道较佳的传质所致。启动过程和产电过程中较佳的传质导致MFC-2最大功率密度(2676.2 mW·m~(-2))比MFC-1最大功率密度(2149.0 mW·m~(-2))约高24.5%。     

溶液除湿冷却系统的再生性能实验研究

基于以氯化锂水溶液为除湿剂的除湿冷却系统(DECS),对其溶液的再生过程进行实验研究。研究了热源温度、溶液浓度对填料塔式再生系统再生性能的影响情况,实验表明溶液浓度在20%时,空气含湿量最大增量为37.1 g/kg干空气。计算出几种工况下的传质系数,最大的传质系数为0.0072 kg/(m2·s),并得出系统有关参数对传质系数的影响,为此类再生器的性能模拟与设计提供关键性的数据。     

具有可渗透阳极的自呼吸微流体燃料电池性能特性

微流体燃料电池去除了质子交换膜,避免了膜退化、水管理等问题,是微型燃料电池领域新的研究热点。本文构建了具有可渗透阳极和空气自呼吸阴极的微流体燃料电池,采用甲酸溶液作为燃料对其性能特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:具有可渗透阳极的自呼吸微流体燃料电池性能随燃料浓度或流量的增加先升高后下降,随电解液浓度的增加而升高;阳极侧反应产生的CO₂气泡对自呼吸微流体燃料电池的性能和燃料利用率的影响较大,适当提高燃料流量有利于气泡的排除。     

场发射显示Ag膜电极的制备及其电性能

场发射显示(FED)被认为是CRT的平板化,受到人们关注。作者采用直流磁控溅射法,在Al₂O₃过渡层上制备面心立方结构的Ag多晶薄膜。通过XRD、SEM、AFM测试分析发现,溅射功率分为两个区域,在溅射功率不高于2.8 kW时,沉积速率随着功率线性增大,得到Ag膜晶粒尺寸均一,薄膜电阻率逐步降低;溅射功率高于2.8 kW后,沉积速率没有显著增大,出现较多的大晶粒,电阻率升高,并且从理论上给出了解释。综合来看,溅射功率在2.8 kW所制备的Ag膜微观结构质量达到最佳,电阻率也达到最小值。     

Thermally induced vibrations of a viscoelastic plate

A method for the study of thermally induced vibrations of a viscoelastic plate of arbitrary shape is proposed. The method is based upon the concept of iso-amplitude contour lines on the surface of the plate. It is shown that the time behaviour can be found by assuming a normal mode expansion in terms of the eigenfunctions for the associated elastic plate problem, and the deflection is obtained by using the elastic-viscoelastic analogy. As an illustration of the technique, the vibration of a viscoelastic circular plate under a thermal shock at its centre is discussed, all details of which are illustrated by graphs.     

Thermally stimulated depolarization of a phosphate glass

Thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) of phosphate glass of the composition 72·9% P₂O₅, 8·5% Al₂O₃, 18·6% CaO, 0·23% MnO has confirmed the existence of two types of slow relaxation. Migration polarization leads to TSD maximum near 0 °C, while the high temperature TSD maximum at 113 °C probably corresponds to space charge polarization. An analysis of the high temperature maximum shows that it is formed by a spectrum of relaxations with a single activation energy 1·0 eV, distributed over the dipole frequency factors with the most probable value ₀ 10¹⁰ sec^–1. Strong dispersion of permittivity points to the space charge polarization, though it is found that the effect is linear and independent of the sample geometry.The authors thank Dr. A.Bohun for the samples and for valuable advice.     

衬底加热和电极修饰对提高有机场效应晶体管性能的影响

通过衬底加热和氧化钼(MoO3)修饰源漏极制备了并五苯有机场效应晶体管.研究了衬底温度和电极修饰层厚度对器件性能的影响.实验结果表明:当衬底温度为60℃、MoO3修饰层为10 nm时,器件性能获得了显著增强,场效应迁移率由原来的3.39×10-3 cm2/(V·s)提高到2.25 ×10-1 cm2/(V·s),阈值电压由12 V降低到3V.器件性能的改善归因于:衬底加热可以优化有源层形貌,改善载流子传输;而MoO3修饰层显著降低了电极与有源层之间的接触势垒,提高了载流子的注入.因此,衬底加热与电极修饰对于制备高性能有机场效应晶体管是不可或缺的优化手段.     

High-Q Thermally Stable Operation of a Tokamak Reactor

Thermally stable subignited operation of a tokamak reactor, sustained in operation by a feedback-controlled supplementary heating source, is discussed. One-dimensional (radial) thermal stability analyses of model transport equations, together with numerical results from a one-dimensional (1-D) transport code, are used in studying the heating of deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas in the thermonuclear regime. The establishment of stability depends on a number of radially nonuniform nonlinear processes whose effect is analyzed. Nonuniform heat deposition resulting from plasma core supplementary heating is found to be a thermally more stable process than bulk heating. In the presence of impurity line radiation, however, core-heated temperature profiles may collapse, contracting inward from the limiter, the result of a radiation-induced instability. The effect of nonuniform transport coefficients is also discussed. Conditions are established for the realization of a subignited high-Q (Q ? 50) toroidal reactor plasma with appreciable output power (?2000 MW thermal).     

Production of Capacitively Coupled Atmospheric Plasma Jet With Multiring Electrodes for the Medical Plasma Tool

An atmospheric capacitively coupled plasma jet has been developed by using multiring-electrode configurations for medical applications. It was found that the discharge conditions for plasma-jet production expanded with the increase of the number of pairs of multiring electrodes. The length of the plasma jet increased with the increase of the injected power and helium-gas flow rate. The temperature of the plasma jet, measured by a thermocouple, decreased with the increase of gas flow rate and was then attained to be around 50 $^{circ}hbox{C}$ at a helium flow rate of 30 L/min. Optical measurements of plasma-jet emission showed various optical emissions from helium atoms, nitrogen atoms, hydroxyl radicals, and metal atoms originating from the electrode material.      

Thermally averaged orbital diamagnetism of a localized wigner oscillator

Summary Electron crystallization due to sufficiently strong Coulomb repulsions leads to a model of electrons oscillating about lattice sites in harmonic potentials. We have studied the orbital diamagnetism of such a localized Wigner oscillator in an applied magnetic field of arbitrary strength. The two contributions from orbital angular momentum and from Langevin-Pauli behaviour are separately calculated using Feynman's theorem. Possible relevance to the melting curve of the Wigner crystals in a magnetic field is pointed out.

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Riassunto La localizzazione di elettroni per effetto di repulsioni coulombiane sufficientemente forti porta ad un modello di elettroni che oscillano attorno a siti reticolari in potenziali armonici. Si studia il diamagnetismo orbitale di un siffatto oscillatore localizzato di Wigner in campo magnetico d'intensità arbitraria. Il contributo dovuto al momento angolare orbitale e quello di Langevin-Pauli sono calcolati separatamente mediante il teorema di Feynman. Si discute la possibile connessione dei risultati con il problema della curva di fusione del cristallo di Wigner in campo magnetico.

     

Gravitational Instability of a Rotating Viscous Thermally Conducting Plasma

This paper deals with the gravitational instability of an infinite homogeneous viscous rotating plasma of finite electrical conductivity in the combined presence of effects of Hall currents, finite Larmor radius (FLR) and thermal conductivity. The ambient magnetic field is assumed to be uniform and acting along the vertical direction. Both longitudinal and transverse modes of wave propagation have been studied. It is shown that Jean's criterion determines the gravitational instability even in the presence of the effects of thermal conductivity, viscosity, finite electrical conductivity, FLR, rotation and Hall currents. Further it is found that while FLR, viscosity and rotation have a stabilizing influence, both the thermal and the electrical conductivities have a destabilizing influence on the gravitational instability of a plasma.