非均衡进气双面离心压气机流场差异分析

采用数值方法研究了在蜗壳内部和压气机进口非对称流场的耦合作用下,非均衡进气双面离心压气机周向流场结构的差异。结果表明:后方叶轮进口轴向速度在周向上存在着较大的差异,且其不均匀程度随流量增大而增强。叶轮不同叶片槽道出口射流-尾迹结构也存在差别,蜗壳内高静压区对应的叶片槽道尾迹区域增大。扩压器内周向静压分布形式与蜗壳内部相同,不同半径位置上静压分布的不均匀程度基本相同,但随着流量的减小,不均匀程度减弱。     

半开式离心叶轮变工况间隙流动特征

针对叶顶间隙对半开式离心压缩机叶轮内部流场和气动性能的影响,采用数值方法研究了不同工况下叶轮流道及间隙处的流场规律,对比分析了小流量、设计和大流量三个运行下况下叶顶马赫数分布、叶顶载荷与间隙泄漏量、间隙泄漏涡特征的变化,以及叶顶间隙随进口流量变化对叶轮气动性能的影响,得出间隙涡流在通道中下游与主流相互掺混是引起半开式叶轮能量损失的主要原因。     

小流量下的转静系盘腔传热特征分析

在一些情况下,燃机透平中用于供给轮缘密封的气体流量要小于自由盘的夹带流量。本文采用气热耦合数值计算的方法,并结合轮盘一维导热模型,分析了小流量下（λ_t<0.22）转静腔室传热特点及其中关键的影响因素。研究结果表明,对于小流量下的转静系盘腔系统,可以根据盘面传热系数随冷气量的变化定义一个临界流量λ_t,c,当冷气流量大于λ_t,c时,盘面传热系数随冷气量增加缓慢增大,近似等于自由盘状态;当冷气量小于λ_t,c时,盘面传热系数随冷气量减小而迅速减小。文中给出了一种估算动盘面传热系数随冷气量变化的方法。文章同时分析了转速对于轮盘传热(λ_t,c<λ_t<λ_t,fd)的影响,当转速对应的Ecb等于Ecb,c时,轮盘的体平均温度最低。     

三级离心压缩机非定常流动与交变应力的数值研究

以三级天然气离心压缩机为研究对象,采用非定常流动和流固耦合方法,研究了离心压缩机在三种转速、多个流量工况下的内部非定常流动和叶片交变应力。研究表明:流场关键监测点处的压力脉动以叶片通过频率为主,在偏离设计工况下压力脉动频率成分较复杂,但是以叶片通过频率为主导;同一工况下,监测点压力脉动幅值逐级增加;同一转速下,随着流量增大,叶片交变应力幅值呈现出先减小后增加的趋势,并且随着转速提高而增大。     

制冷剂润滑的径向波箔气体轴承承载特性分析

制冷离心压缩机采用制冷剂作为润滑介质,不仅能保证整个制冷系统无油,而且可以显著提高制冷能效。以离心压缩机中分别采用R410A和R407C润滑的径向波箔动压气体轴承为研究对象,基于有限差分法对定常雷诺方程和气膜厚度方程进行耦合迭代求解,通过数值计算得到了承载力和摩擦力矩随转速、偏心率和名义半径间隙的变化规律。结果表明：工质为R410A和R407C时,承载力和摩擦力矩均随转速和偏心率的增大而增大,随名义半径间隙的增大而减小。偏心率越大,承载力增大的梯度越大。在相同的蒸发温度条件下,工质为R410A时的承载力更大。名义半径间隙较小时,两种工质的承载力相差较大,但随着名义半径间隙的增大,承载力之间的差值逐渐减小。摩擦力矩是压力流和剪切流的共同作用,工质的动力粘度对摩擦力矩有着直接的影响,动力粘度越大,摩擦力矩也越大。     

应变纤锌矿GaN/AlχGa1-χN柱形量子点中类氢施主杂质态结合能的压力效应

考虑应变,在有效质量、有限高势垒近似下,变分研究了纤锌矿GaN/Al_xGa_1-xN柱形量子点中类氢施主杂质态结合能随流体静压力、杂质位置及量子点结构参数（量子点高度、半径、Al含量）的变化关系.结果表明,类氢施主杂质态结合能随流体静压力增大而增大,且在量子点尺寸较小时,流体静压力对杂质态结合能的影响更为显著.受流体静压力的影响,杂质态结合能随量子点高度、半径的增加而单调减少,且变化趋势加剧;随A1含量增加而增大的趋势变缓.无论是否施加流体静压力,随着类氢施主杂质从量子点左界面沿材料生长方向移至右界面,杂质态结合能在量子点的右半部分存在一极大值.流体静压力使得极大值点向量子点中心偏移.     

叶顶间隙对离心压气机性能和流动影响的实验研究

本文通过实验研究了叶顶间隙大小对离心压气机总体性能及流场的影响,并利用非接触式光纤位移传感器对压气机工作时叶轮的叶顶间隙进行了测量。结果表明,压气机运行过程中叶顶间隙变小,而且叶顶间隙随时间波动.叶顶间隙增大将降低压气机的压比和效率,并且随转速升高,这一效果更明显。同时,流场分析发现,随流量减小,泄漏流的影响区域逐渐向上游移动,叶顶间隙增大使泄漏流的影响区域增大且静压损失增加。     

基于流固耦合的压缩机舌簧排气阀数值研究

针对带升程限制器的变转速活塞式压缩机排气阀,利用ANSYS软件流固耦合模块(fluid-structure interaction, FSI)建立了压缩机排气的三维流固耦合模型,得到了排气过程中流体在各个曲轴转角时的压力场、速度场和阀片位移变化曲线。研究表明：气缸内部速度和压力分布不均,阀口处变化程度最大;较小的转速会导致阀片震颤,提高转速后会减小气体波动但会增加压力损失导致阀片延迟开启和关闭,甚至过大的转速会造成排气回流降低压缩机的制冷性能;不同制冷剂对压缩机性能会产生影响。最后,结合对阀片的模态分析得出了该压缩机最佳的运行转速范围,并根据不同制冷剂下阀片的不同状态提出了解决方法。     

应变纤锌矿GaN/AlxGa1-xN柱形量子点中类氢施主杂质态结合能的压力效应

考虑应变,在有效质量、有限高势垒近似下,变分研究了纤锌矿GaN/AlxGa1-xN柱形量子点中类氢施主杂质态结合能随流体静压力、杂质位置及量子点结构参数(量子点高度、半径、Al含量)的变化关系．结果表明,类氢施主杂质态结合能随流体静压力增大而增大,且在量子点尺寸较小时,流体静压力对杂质态结合能的影响更为显著．受流体静压力的影响,杂质态结合能随量子点高度、半径的增加而单调减少,且变化趋势加剧;随Al含量增加而增大的趋势变缓．无论是否施加流体静压力,随着类氢施主杂质从量子点左界面沿材料生长方向移至右界面,杂质态结合能在量子点的右半部分存在一极大值．流体静压力使得极大值点向量子点中心偏移．     

应变纤锌矿GaN/AlxGa1-xN柱形量子点中类氢施主杂质态结合能的压力效应

考虑应变,在有效质量、有限高势垒近似下,变分研究了纤锌矿GaN/AlxGa1 -xN柱形量子点中类氢施主杂质态结合能随流体静压力、杂质位置及量子点结构参数(量子点高度、半径、Al含量)的变化关系.结果表明,类氢施主杂质态结合能随流体静压力增大而增大,且在量子点尺寸较小时,流体静压力对杂质态结合能的影响更为显著.受流体静压力的影响,杂质态结合能随量子点高度、半径的增加而单调减少,且变化趋势加剧;随Al含量增加而增大的趋势变缓.无论是否施加流体静压力,随着类氢施主杂质从量子点左界面沿材料生长方向移至右界面,杂质态结合能在量子点的右半部分存在一极大值.流体静压力使得极大值点向量子点中心偏移.     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...