基于空间结构内部锁相的光纤激光相干合成技术

介绍了本课题组近年来在基于空间结构内部锁相的光纤激光相干合成方面的研究工作,给出了空间结构内部锁相相干合成的基本原理,搭建了七路低功率光纤激光阵列实验系统,结果表明在内部相位噪声校正基础之上,可以稳定补偿外部相位差进而实现激光阵列同相位输出,验证了内部锁相方法的可行性。进一步介绍了空间结构内部锁相技术在目标在回路相干合成、阵列光束光场调控等方面的拓展应用,通过实验论证了空间结构内部锁相技术能够有效提升目标在回路相干合成系统的相位控制带宽,并在远场有效生成轨道角动量光束阵列,其拓扑荷数可从-1到+1切换。     

Coherent combining of a seven-element hexagonal fiber array

The coherent combination of the outputs from a seven-element hexagonal fiber array with a hexagonal prism is described. The fill factor of the coherent array achieves 0.6. A total of 0.40 of the energy is contained in the central lobe and the Strehl ratio is 0.91. A theoretical model of the hexagonal fiber array is established based on Fraunhofer diffraction theory. The far field distribution of the hexagonal fiber array is presented. The effects of fill factor and phase errors on far field distribution are analyzed and simulated.     

基于衍射光学元件的激光相干合成研究进展

从衍射光学元件的基本原理出发,围绕连续波和脉冲波两大应用领域,综述了国内外基于衍射光学元件实现共孔径相干合成的研究进展。在国内,上海光学精密机械研究所分别实现了连续光和脉冲光的合成,连续光实现了206 W的输出功率,光束质量1.38,合束效率29.6%;脉冲光实现了峰值功率1.02 kW,重复频率2.2 MHz的ns级脉冲相干合成光束,合束效率61%。在国外,连续光方面实现了5 kW量级的合成光输出,合束效率82%;脉冲光方面实现了平均功率150 mW,重复频率100 MHz的fs级脉冲相干合成光束,合束效率83.4%。最后对基于衍射光学元件的激光相干合成技术的未来发展做出了展望,相信在不久的将来,基于衍射光学元件的相干合成技术会不断发展,逐渐突破技术瓶颈,从而为更多的应用领域奠定坚实基础。     

Coherent beam combining of pulsed fiber lasers with hybrid phase control

We demonstrate a scalable architecture for coherent combining of all-fiber pulsed lasers with hybrid phase control involving passive phasing and active phasing for the first time. Synchronized and passive phased pulsed laser array is built by intra-activity phase modulation. Active phase control on the passive phased pulsed laser array using stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm provides stable in-phase coherent beam combining pattern in a turbulent atmosphere. The fringe visibility is increased from 0 two 0.43 and the power encircled in the main-lobe is 1.616 times increased when the system evolves from passive phasing to hybrid phasing. The architecture can be easily scaled up to high power by increasing power of each individual laser, number of laser elements and introduction of power amplifiers, which will lead a promising way for scaleable high power coherent beam combining of pulsed lasers.     

光纤激光相控阵相干合成技术研究进展

主要介绍了近年来光纤激光相控阵相干合成技术的发展现状,总结了中国科学院光电技术研究所在这方面的最新研究成果,包括基于振幅调制的光纤激光相控阵相干合成能力优化、光纤激光相控阵实现收发一体相干合成、光纤激光相控阵的目标在回路相干合成、光纤激光相控阵在大气湍流下实现耦合接收光束的共相合束、基于多孔径波前探测的相干合成方法、基于自适应光纤准直器和微透镜阵列的光束大角度高精度连续寻址扫描等。以上研究工作将促进光纤激光相控阵技术朝向更多单元、更高功率、更远距离等方向演进,并推动其与激光大气传输、空间激光通信、自适应光学等理论和应用的结合与发展。     

Coherent combining in an Yb-doped double-core fiber laser

Coherent combining is demonstrated in a clad-pumped Yb-doped double-core fiber laser. A slope efficiency of more than 70% is achieved with 96% of the total output power in the fundamental mode of one of the two cores. This high combining efficiency is obtained when both cores are coupled via a biconical fused taper in a Michelson interferometer configuration.     

基于偏振自适应和主动相位控制的相干合成的实验研究

进行了非保偏放大器与保偏放大器的相干合成的实验研究。通过随机并行梯度下降（SPGD）算法对非保偏放大器进行偏振自适应控制,使非保偏放大器输出激光的消光比达到11.5 dB,与保偏放大器在同一偏振方向上的光功率占总功率的93.4%。利用单抖动法进行非保偏放大器与保偏放大器的主动相位控制,实现相干合成。实验结果表明:SPGD算法能够有效实现偏振自适应控制,偏振自适应控制前后相干合成远场的条纹对比度从80.1%提高到87.2%,相干合成的效果提升明显;通过增加参与合成的放大器路数,并在各路激光中引入多级功率放大器,能够得到更高的合成功率输出。     

基于偏振自适应和主动相位控制的相干合成的实验研究

进行了非保偏放大器与保偏放大器的相干合成的实验研究。通过随机并行梯度下降（SPGD）算法对非保偏放大器进行偏振自适应控制,使非保偏放大器输出激光的消光比达到11.5 dB,与保偏放大器在同一偏振方向上的光功率占总功率的93.4%。利用单抖动法进行非保偏放大器与保偏放大器的主动相位控制,实现相干合成。实验结果表明：SPGD算法能够有效实现偏振自适应控制,偏振自适应控制前后相干合成远场的条纹对比度从80.1%提高到87.2%,相干合成的效果提升明显;通过增加参与合成的放大器路数,并在各路激光中引入多级功率放大器,能够得到更高的合成功率输出。     

Coherent beam combination of adaptive fiber laser array with tilt-tip and phase-locking control

We present an experimental study on tilt-tip(TT) and phase-locking(PL) control in a coherent beam combination(CBC) system of adaptive fiber laser array.The TT control is performed using the adaptive fiber-optics collimator(AFOC),and the PL control is realized by the phase modulator(PM).Cascaded and simultaneous controls of TT and PL using stochastic parallel gradient descent(SPGD) algorithm are investigated in this paper.Two-fiber-laser-,four-fiber-laser-,and six-fiber-laser-arrays are employed to study the TT and PL control.In the cascaded control system,only one high-speed CMOS camera is used to collect beam data and a computer is used as the controller.In a simultaneous control system one high-speed CMOS camera and one photonic detector(PD) are employed,and a computer and a control circuit based on field programmable gate array(FPGA) are used as the controllers.Experimental results reveal that both cascaded and simultaneous controls of TT using AFOC and PL using PM in fiber laser array are feasible and effective.Cascaded control is more effective in static control situation and simultaneous control can be applied to the dynamic control system directly.The control signals of simultaneous PL and TT disturb each other obviously and TT and PL control may compete with each other,so the control effect is limited.     

Coherent and incoherent combining of fiber array with hexagonal ring distribution

Beam combining of fiber array with hexagonal ring distribution is studied in detail. The theoretical analysis and numerical calculation results are given to illustrate the propagation properties of the resulting beam through free space. A comparison between the coherent and the incoherent case shows that high peak irradiance and good beam quality for coherent combining can be obtained in the far field. The effect of phase errors and the beam quality M² factor are also studied. Results indicate that the element numbers should be increased to achieve high power and the space between adjacent elements should be reduced to maintain good beam quality, which is basically the same for both coherent and incoherent beam combining.     

光纤激光器阵列的多抖动法相干合成

采用自行设计的基于大规模可编程门阵列（FPGA）结构的控制电路,实现了4路光纤激光的多抖动法相干合成。对大气湍流和机械振动引起的相位噪声进行了有效补偿,使远场光斑条纹对比度由开环时的0.21提高到了闭环时的0.93,闭环时远场特定孔径内的能量较开环时提高了3.3倍。该方法还对人为抖动光纤引起的较高频率噪声具有很好的抑制作用,系统闭环后,远场光斑条纹对比度可达到0.72。     

Coherent beam combining of fiber amplifier based on adaptive polarization and active phase control

Coherent beam combining (CBC) of a polarization-maintaining fiber amplifier and a non-polarization-maintaining fiber amplifier is presented. The experiment is based on adaptive polarization control and active phase control. The stochastic parallel gradient decent (SPGD) algorithm is used for the adaptive polarization control in the non-polarization-maintaining fiber amplifier and the active phase control is realized by single frequency dithering (SFD) algorithm. When the adaptive polarization control system and the phase control system go into closed loop, the fringe contrast of far-field intensity pattern is improved to more than 87.7%. A scalable architecture for CBC of two styles fiber amplifiers is also proposed.     

光纤激光器阵列相干合成中的位相探测与校正方法研究

介绍一高速的位相检测与控制方法，可以对高功率光纤激光器阵列中每一路信号光波的位相进行实时探测与控制，从而使整个系统达到锁相输出的目的.以一路信号光为例，给出该方法的实验研究结果，从中可以看出，闭环控制的结果，可以将该信号光的位相稳定在一设定的静态工作点上. 关键词： 光纤激光器阵列 锁相 外差探测     

Coherent beam combining and phase noise measurements of ytterbium fiber amplifiers

Phase noise characterization of a 10-W Yb fiber amplifier is presented, and we demonstrate phase locking of two fiber amplifiers with near-perfect fringe contrast at power levels of as much as 10 W per fiber. Coherent beam combining is maintained during the turn-on transient as well as in thermal steady-state operation.     

Coherent recombination of laser beams with interferometrical phase control

A HeNe laser beam is split into four component beams which are subsequently transmitted through four polarization-preserving monomode fibres. At the end of the fibres the emerging beams are coherently recombined in pairs in two steps using inverse beamsplitter cubes. The unavoidable phase differences within each pair of beams, which are caused by temperature and pressure fluctuations in the fibre environment, are detected interferometrically at the fibre ends. Using homodyne techniques, these differences are measured and compensated for by lengthening the optical path in the individual fibres with piezo-electric stretching. With appropriate adjustment of the relative phases the emerging beams can be superimposed onto each other so as to re-form one single coherent beam.     

Expansion of the channel number in spectral beam combining of fiber lasers array based on cascaded gratings

Aiming at the problem that the channel number in spectral beam combining (SBC) of fiber lasers array is limited by the narrow spectral selectivity of grating, a new scheme based on cascaded volume Bragg gratings (VBG) is proposed to expand the channel number. A system cascaded by two VBGs is presented and analyzed. A formula used to accurately determine the angle of incidence of all the channels is derived using rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). The channel number can be multiplied with increasing the number of VBGs. Numerical results show that the system based on cascaded VBGs is a good SBC combiner that has the ability to combine a large number of channels.     

Diffractive coherent combining of a 2.5 kW fiber laser array into a 1.9 kW Gaussian beam

Five 500 W fiber amplifiers were coherently combined using a diffractive optical element combiner, generating a 1.93 kW beam whose M(2)=1.1 beam quality exceeded that of the inputs. Combining efficiency near 90% at low powers degraded to 79% at full power owing to thermal expansion of the fiber tip array.     

多芯双包层光纤激光器相干合束纤芯最优化排布

 基于衍射理论推导出多芯双包层光纤激光器的远场相干光光强理论模型，并在此基础之上，系统地分析比较了纤芯不同排布方式的合束效果，重点研究了纤芯的单层圆环排布、多层圆环排布、方形排布、正六边形堆积排布4种方案的合束效果，及在一定纤芯排布下纤芯直径、纤芯轴间距、出射平面与衍射平面间距离、波长对合束效果的影响。研究发现：在纤芯数目一定的情况下，单层圆环排布的合束效果最优，其次是方阵排布；纤芯数目越多，截面利用率越高，可获得更大合束最大光强；方阵排布方式及正六边形堆积排布方式可有效提高截面利用率；增大纤芯直径，减小纤芯轴间距、减小出射平面与衍射平面间的距离、减小波长可以获得更好的合束效果。     

多芯双包层光纤激光器相干合束纤芯最优化排布

基于衍射理论推导出多芯双包层光纤激光器的远场相干光光强理论模型,并在此基础之上,系统地分析比较了纤芯不同排布方式的合束效果,重点研究了纤芯的单层圆环排布、多层圆环排布、方形排布、正六边形堆积排布4种方案的合束效果,及在一定纤芯排布下纤芯直径、纤芯轴间距、出射平面与衍射平面间距离、波长对合束效果的影响。研究发现：在纤芯数目一定的情况下,单层圆环排布的合束效果最优,其次是方阵排布;纤芯数目越多,截面利用率越高,可获得更大合束最大光强;方阵排布方式及正六边形堆积排布方式可有效提高截面利用率;增大纤芯直径,减小纤芯轴间距、减小出射平面与衍射平面间的距离、减小波长可以获得更好的合束效果。