Noncollinear double quasi phase matching in one-dimensional poled crystals

We demonstrate simultaneous phase matching of two different nonlinear processes, using a noncollinear interaction in periodically poled crystal with single grating. The noncollinear scheme provides phase-matching solutions over continuous regions of the optical spectrum and can be used for multiple-harmonic generation as well as all-optical effects. We have demonstrated experimentally third-harmonic generation of a 3 microm pump wavelength in a noncollinear configuration using a periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal. We observed, in good agreement with theoretical calculation, very broad spectral and thermal acceptance bandwidths, as well as a relatively narrow angular bandwidth.     

Double quasi phase matching for both optical parametric oscillator and difference frequency generation

We present simultaneous phase matching of optical parametric oscillator (OPO) and difference frequency generation (DFG), using a noncollinear interaction in periodically poled crystal with single grating. Selecting proper grating period Λ and titled angle ξ between the grating vector G and the optical axis of crystal, the noncollinear scheme provides double phase matching solutions over continuous regions of the midwave infrared spectrum. At certain wavelength regions, for DFG process the group velocities between interaction pulses are matching and the phase matching bandwidth reaches maximum. Selecting the different grating period, the broadband midwave tuning and better gain spectrum can be obtained at different wavelength range. For the certain period grating the conversion efficiency is higher. Hence, using the double phase matching configuration, the broadband tunable midwave infrared wave can be produced in single grating. But the configurations have a relatively narrow angular bandwidth.     

Broadband second harmonic generation in a tapered isotropic semiconductor slab using total internal reflection quasi phase matching

This paper analytically describes the concept of enhancing the bandwidth of second-harmonic generation in the mid-infrared region in an isotropic tapered semiconductor slab configuration. In this slab geometry, the lengths between successive reflection points due to total internal reflection of the incident laser radiation increase when it propagates through the slab. A computer aided simulation has been carried out to determine the possibility of generating broadband second harmonic intensity for broadband fundamental laser radiations as they are allowed to undergo total internal reflection inside the tapered isotropic semiconductor crystal slab made of either gallium arsenide (GaAs) or zinc selenide (ZnSe). The simulated results indicate wide 3 dB bandwidths of 187 nm and 196 nm in a 30 mm long tapered slab of GaAs and ZnSe respectively. The conversion efficiency, after considering the absorption and reflection losses, is quite satisfactory (≈ 1%). The effects of variations in temperature, incident angle of the fundamental laser radiations at the air-slab interface, length and tapering angle of the semiconductor slab have been studied for generated second harmonic radiations in both GaAs and ZnSe crystals. Optimising these parameters a wider broadband frequency converter with appreciable conversion efficiency can be designed.     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体自囚禁现象的动力学相变及其量子纠缠特性

研究了量子涨落对自囚禁现象的影响.采用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)两模模型进行研究，发现有限粒子BEC系统自囚禁现象的发生同样存在临界现象，但是由于量子涨落的影响使得这个临界现象变得模糊，并且粒子数越小量子涨落的影响越明显.为了更加明确地描述有限粒子系统的自囚禁现象，通过系统各态平均占有概率的熵(简称平均熵)和平均纠缠熵来刻画自囚禁现象，并讨论自囚禁现象发生前后系统的纠缠特性. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC) 自囚禁 纠缠熵     

Optical phase estimation in the presence of phase diffusion

The measurement problem for the optical phase has been traditionally attacked for noiseless schemes or in the presence of amplitude or detection noise. Here we address the estimation of phase in the presence of phase diffusion and evaluate the ultimate quantum limits to precision for phase-shifted Gaussian states. We look for the optimal detection scheme and derive approximate scaling laws for the quantum Fisher information and the optimal squeezing fraction in terms of the total energy and the amount of noise. We also find that homodyne detection is a nearly optimal detection scheme in the limit of very small and large noise.     

Atom-molecule conversion in the self-trapping regime

The dynamics of atom-molecule conversion in the Bose-Einstein condensate state, with the formation of a homonuclear molecule in the self-trapping mode, has been studied. The conditions and bifurcation values at which self-trapping occurs in this system are found.     

Frozen glass phase in the multi-index matching problem

The multi-index matching is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem; for two indices it reduces to the well understood bipartite matching problem that belongs to the polynomial complexity class. We use the cavity method to solve the thermodynamics of the multi-index system with random costs. The phase diagram is much richer than for the case of the bipartite matching problem: it shows a finite temperature phase transition to a completely frozen glass phase, similar to what happens in the random energy model. We derive the critical temperature, the ground-state energy density, and properties of the energy landscape and compare the results to numerics based on exact analysis of small systems.     

Gouy phase compensation in quasi-phase matching

In any focussed nonlinear interaction the focus induced phase shift, known as the Gouy phase shift, provides an imperfection in phase matching for any linearly invariant material. However, using an appropriately designed quasi-phase matched structure it is theoretically possible to compensate for the deleterious effects of the Gouy phase shift, allowing a symmetric frequency response and tighter optimal focussing than in a uniform material.     

Quadratic phase matching in slot waveguides

We analyze phase matching with reference to frequency doubling in nanosized quadratic waveguides encompassing form birefringence and supporting cross-polarized fundamental and second-harmonic modes. In an AlGaAs rod with an air void, we show that phase-matched second-harmonic generation could be achieved in a wide spectral range employing state-of-the-art nanotechnology.     

Noncollinear phase matching in fluorescence upconversion

We investigate noncollinear sum-frequency generation in a time-resolved fluorescence upconversion experiment to eliminate group-velocity mismatch (GVM), a major mechanism that deteriorates time resolution. The noncollinear geometry inherently causes phase-front mismatch (PFM) that also spoils time resolution. The effects of GVM and PFM on the time resolution are studied by numerical calculations and experiments. Based on the investigation, a fluorescence upconversion apparatus with time resolution better than 45 fs (FWHM) is demonstrated.     

Coherent control of the self-trapping transition

We discuss the dynamics of two weakly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential, contrasting the mean-field picture to the exact N-particle evolution. On the mean-field level, a self-trapping transition occurs when the scaled interaction strength exceeds a critical value; this transition essentially persists in small condensates comprising about 1000 atoms. When the double-well is modulated periodically in time, Floquet-type solutions to the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation take over the role of the stationary mean-field states. These nonlinear Floquet states can be classified as “unbalanced” or “balanced”, depending on whether or not they entail long-time confinement of most particles to one well. Since the emergence of unbalanced Floquet states depends on the amplitude and frequency of the modulating force, we predict that the onset of self-trapping can efficiently be controlled by varying these parameters. This prediction is verified numerically by both mean-field and N-particle calculations. Received 5 November 2000 and Received in final form 16 February 2001     

Gravitational geometric phase in the presence of torsion

We investigate the relativistic and non-relativistic quantum dynamics of a neutral spin-1/2 particle subject to an external electromagnetic field in the presence of a cosmic dislocation. We analyze the explicit contribution of the torsion in the geometric phase acquired in the dynamics of this neutral spinorial particle. We discuss the influence of the torsion in the relativistic geometric phase. Using the Foldy–Wouthuysen approximation, the non-relativistic quantum dynamics is studied and the influence of the torsion on the Aharonov–Casher and He–McKellar–Wilkens effects are discussed. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Deterministic phase unwrapping in the presence of noise

We present a new Fourier-based exact solution for deterministic phase unwrapping from experimental maps of wrapped phase in the presence of noise and phase vortices. This single-step approach has superior performance for images with high phase gradients or insufficient digital sampling approaching 2pi/pixel and therefore performs as a fast and practical solution for the phase-unwrapping problem for experimental applications in applied optics, physics, and medicine.     

The self-trapping of hydrogen in semiconductors

Recent theoretical calculations are discussed which show that the minimum energy site for hydrogen in silicon is the bond-centered site, while a secondary minimum is at the anti-bonding site, it is noted that these results are strongly dependent on the relaxation experienced by the silicon atoms neighboring the hydrogen. Several experimental results are discussed, namely, the observed model of the hydrogen-passivated acceptor, etching of the silicon surface by hydrogen, the exponential depth dependence of the near-surface hydrogen diffusion profile, and related muonium results, and from these results it is argued that, in some instances at least, the BC-site is the lowest energy site for hydrogen.     

Grating-assisted phase matching in extreme nonlinear optics

We propose a new technique for phase matching high harmonic generation that can be used for generating bright, tabletop, tunable, and coherent x-ray sources at keV photon energies. A weak quasi-cw counterpropagating field induces a sinusoidal modulation in the phase of the emitted harmonics that can be used for correcting the large plasma-induced phase mismatch. We develop an analytical model that describes this grating-assisted x-ray phase matching and predicts that very modest intensities (<10(10) W/cm2) of quasi-cw counterpropagating fields are required for implementation.     

准平行光干涉的滤波型多抖动相控方法研究

正提出了一种准平行光干涉的滤波型多抖动相控方案,对该方案的相干光强进行了理论分析,在此基础上提出了滤波型多抖动法的相控原理,进行了滤波型多抖动法的相控数值分析和模拟实验.结果表明:该方法可识别出各路光波的相位差,反馈与相位差信号成比例的直流电压去控制相位调制器,可实现相位差的校正,相位控制电压输出范围为0.03—4.45 V,控制带宽为2.5 kHz.     

On the question of self-trapping of positrons in indium

The Doppler-broadening of the positron annihilation line in 5N indium has been studied over the temperature range 77 K to 427 K. No evidence for self-trapping has been discovered; rather, the prevacancy rise in the F-parameter appears linear. The best value for E_V is 0.59±0.03 eV.     

The phase behavior of mixed lipid membranes in the presence of the rippled phase

We propose a model describing liquid-solid phase coexistence in mixed lipid membranes by including explicitly the occurrence of a rippled phase. For a single component membrane, we employ a previous model in which the membrane thickness is used as an order parameter. As function of temperature, this model properly accounts for the phase behavior of the three possible membrane phases: solid, liquid and the rippled phase. Our primary aim is to explore extensions of this model to binary lipid mixtures by considering the composition dependence of important model parameters. The obtained phase diagrams show various liquid, solid and rippled phase coexistence regions, and are in quantitative agreement with the experimental ones for some specific lipid mixtures.