Carbon emissions and resources use by Chinese economy 2007: A 135-sector inventory and input–output embodiment

A 135-sector inventory and embodiment analysis for carbon emissions and resources use by Chinese economy 2007 is presented in this paper by an ecological input–output modeling based on the physical entry scheme. Included emissions and resources belong to six categories as: (1) greenhouse gas (GHG) in terms of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O; (2) energy in terms of coal, crude oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, and firewood; (3) water in terms of freshwater; (4) exergy in terms of coal, crude oil, natural gas, grain, bean, tuber, cotton, peanut, rapeseed, sesame, jute, sugarcane, sugar beet, tobacco, silkworm feed, tea, fruits, vegetables, wood, bamboo, pulp, meat, egg, milk, wool, aquatic products, iron ore, copper ore, bauxite, lead ore, zinc ore, pyrite, phosphorite, gypsum, cement, nuclear fuel, and hydropower; (5) and (6) solar and cosmic emergies in terms of sunlight, wind power, deep earth heat, chemical power of rain, geopotential power of rain, chemical power of stream, geopotential power of stream, wave power, geothermal power, tide power, topsoil loss, coal, crude oil, natural gas, ferrous metal ore, non-ferrous metal ore, non-metal ore, cement, and nuclear fuel. Accounted based on the embodied intensities are carbon emissions and resources use embodied in the final use as rural consumption, urban consumption, government consumption, gross fixed capital formation, change in inventories, and export, as well as in the international trade balance. The resulted database is basic to environmental account of carbon emissions and resources use at various levels.     

Describing Neighborhoods of 5-Vertices in a Class of 3-Polytopes with Minimum Degree 5

Lebesgue proved in 1940 that each 3-polytope with minimum degree 5 contains a 5-vertex for which the set of degrees of its neighbors is majorized by one of the following sequences(6, 6, 7, 7, 7), (6, 6, 6, 7, 9), (6, 6, 6, 6, 11)(5, 6, 7, 7, 8), (5, 6, 6, 7, 12), (5, 6, 6, 8, 10), (5, 6, 6, 6, 17)(5, 5, 7, 7, 13), (5, 5, 7, 8, 10), (5, 5, 6, 7, 27), (5, 5, 6, 6,∞), (5, 5, 6, 8, 15), (5, 5, 6, 9, 11)(5, 5, 5, 7, 41), (5, 5, 5, 8, 23), (5, 5, 5, 9, 17), (5, 5, 5, 10, 14), (5, 5, 5, 11, 13).We prove that each 3-polytope with minimum degree 5 without vertices of degree from 7 to 10 contains a 5-vertex whose set of degrees of its neighbors is majorized by one of the following sequences: (5, 6, 6, 5, ∞), (5, 6, 6, 6, 15), and (6, 6, 6, 6, 6), where all parameters are tight.     

Constructing difference families through an optimization approach: Six new BIBDs

In this paper we formulate the construction of difference families as a combinatorial optimization problem. A tabu search algorithm is used to find an optimal solution to the optimization problem for various instances of difference families. In particular, we construct six new difference families which lead to an equal number of new balanced incomplete block designs with parameters: (49, 98, 18, 9, 3), (61, 122, 20, 10, 3), (46, 92, 20, 10, 4), (45, 90, 22, 11, 5), (85, 255, 24, 8, 2) and (34, 85, 30, 12, 10). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 8: 261–273, 2000     

一个随机偏差定理

设{Xn，n≥0}是可列非齐次马尔可夫链，Sn（i0，i1，…，im-1，ω）表示m元状态序组（i0，i1，…，im-1）在序列（X0，X1，…，Xm-1），（X1，X2，…，Xm），…，（Xn-1，Xn，…，Xn＋m-2）中出现的次数.本文给出了关于Sn（i0，i1，…，im-1，ω）的一个对任意可列非齐次马尔可夫链普遍成立的随机偏差定理，即用不等式表示的一个强极限定理.     

可变幅角复系数的解析函数族

研究了在单位开圆盘内单叶解析且规范化的复系数函数族gφ1,φ2,φ3,φ4（m1,m2,m3,m4;λ）的一些性质,给出了其子族gφ1,φ2,φ3,φ4（m1,m2,m3,m4;λ）在内闭一致收敛拓扑下的极值点和支撑点,并讨论解决了gφ1,φ2,φ3,φ4（m1,m2,m3,m4;λ）与凸函数相关的一些半径问题,推广了近来的一些研究结果．     

一个随机偏差定理

设{Xn,n≥0}是可列非齐次马尔可夫链,Sn(i0,i1,…,im-1,ω)表示m元状态序组(i0,i1,…,im-1)在序列(X0,X1,…,Xm-1),(X1,X2,…,Xm),…,(Xn-1,Xn,…,Xn+m-2)中出现的次数.本文给出了关于Sn(i0,i1,…,im-1,ω)的一个对任意可列非齐次马尔可夫链普遍成立的随机偏差定理,即用不等式表示的一个强极限定理.     

关于阶乘的Erds-Stewart猜想

摘要:设n是正整数;P_0=1,P_i(i=1,2,…)是第i个素数.本文证明了:方程 n!+1=P_k~aP_(k+1)~b,P_(k-1)0,b>0,仅有解(n,P_k,P_(k+1),a,b)=(1,1,2,1,0),(2,3,5,1,0),(3,5,7,0,1),(4,5,7,2,0),(5,7,11,0,2).上述结果证实了Erds和Stewart提出的一个猜想.     

Book reviews

L.N. TREFETHEN and D. BAU, III,Numerical Linear Algebra,SIAM, Philadelphia, 1997G.-C. ROTA,Indiscrete Thoughts,Birkhäuser, Boston, 1997D.E. KEYES, A. SAMEH and V. VENKATAKRISHNAN, eds.Parallel Numerical Algorithms,Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1997A. KIRSCH,An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Inverse Problems,Springer, New York, 1996L.F. SHAMPINE, R.C. ALLEN, Jr. and S. PRUESS,Fundamentals of Numerical Computing,Wiley, New York, 1997C.W. UEBERHUBERNumerical Computation, 2 vols.Springer, Berlin, 1997W.G. McCALLUM et al.Multivariate Calculus,Wiley, New York, 1997ZHI-QUAN LUO, JONG-SHI PANG and D. RALPH,Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996P.R. POPIVANOV and D.K. PALAGACHEV,The Degenerate Oblique Derivative Problem for Elliptic and Parabolic Equations,Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1997     

Book reviews

Griffiths, D.F. (ed.):Numerical Analysis. Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Conference held at Dundee, Scotland, Jun 28-Juli 1, 1983. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. 1066. SpringerVerlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1984, XI, 275 p. DM 33.50, ISBN 2-540-13344-5.

Gross, D.; C.M. Harris:Fundamentals of Queueing Theory. 2. Ed. John Wiley & Sons Limited New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto 1985, XII, 587 p., £ 43.95, ISBN0-471-89067-7.

Miklosöko.; J.E.Kotov (eds.):Algorithms, Software and Hardware of Parallel Computers. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1984, 181 figs., 380 p., DM 89,-,ISBN 3-540-13657-6.

Dolcetta, I.C.; W.H. Fleming; T.Zolezzr (eds.):Recent Mathematical Methods in Dynamic Programming. Proceedings Corti. Rome, Mar 26-28, 1984. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. 1119. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1985, VI, 202 S.DM 31,50, ISBN 3-540-15217-2.

Demyanov, V.F.; D.Pallaschke (eds.):Nondifferentiable Optimization:Motivations and Applications. Proceedings, Sopron, Hungary 1984. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Vol. 255. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1985, VI, 349 S.

Kiwiel, K.C.:Methods of Descent for Nondifferentiable Optimization. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. VoL 1133. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1985, 'T1, 362 S., DM 51,50, ISBN 3-540-15642-9.

Remmert, R.:Funktionentheorie. Vol. 1. Grundwisaen Mat.hematik. Vol. 5. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1984, 65 Abb., XIII, 324 S., DM 44,-, ISBN:3;540-12782-8.

Walsh, G. R.:An Introduction to Linear Programming. 2. Ed. John Wiley & Sons Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore 1985, IX, 240 p., ISBN 0-471-90719-7.

Törnig, W.;M. Kaspar:Numerische Ldsung von partiellen Differentialgleichungen der Technik. Mathematische Methoden in der Technik.. Bd.. 1. B. G. Teubner Stuttgart 1985, 181 S., DM 34,-, ISBN 3-519-02613-9.

Neunzert, H.(ed.):Proceedings of the Conference JIathematics in Industry, Oct 24 - 28, 1983 Oberwolfach. B. G. Teubner Stuttgart 1984, 287 S., 52,- DM, ISBN 3-519-02610-4.

Lösch, M.:Fixpunkt-Schätzvertahren für Modelle mit rationaien Erwartungen.. Mathematical Systems in Economics:" Vol. 94. Verlagsgruppe Athenäum, Hain, Hanstein Königstein 1984; 312 S.,DM 68,-,ISBN 3-445-02387-5.

Bultheel, A.; P.Dewilde (eds.):Rational Approximation in Systems Engineering. Birkhäuser Verlag Basel 1983, 244 pp., sFr. 72,-. ISBN 3-7643-3159-3.

Harrison, J. M.:Brownian ])Iotion and Stochastic Flow Systems. John Wiley & Sons New York, Chichester, Brisbane 1985, XIX, 140 pp., 36.95 £ ISBN 471-81939-5.     

互连网络的向量图模型

n-超立方体,环网,k元n超立方体,Star网络,煎饼(pancake)网络,冒泡排序(bubble sort)网络,对换树的Cayley图,De Bruijn图,Kautz图,Consecutive-d有向图,循环图以及有向环图等已被广泛的应用做处理机或通信互连网络.这些网络的性能通常通过它们的度,直径,连通度,hamiltonian性,容错度以及路由选择算法等来度量.在本文中,首先,我们提出了有向向量图和向量图的概念;其次,我们开发了有向向量图模型和向量图模型来更好地设计,分析,改良互连网络;我们进一步证明了上述各类著名互连网络都可表示为有向向量图模型或向量图模型;更重要的是该模型能够使我们设计出了新的互连网络---双星网络和三角形网络.     

On sequences with zero autocorrelation

Normal sequences of lengthsn=18, 19 are constructed. It is proved through an exhaustive search that normal sequences do not exist forn=17, 21, 22, 23. Marc Gysin has shown that normal sequences do not exist forn=24. So the first unsettled case isn=27.Base sequences of lengths 2n–1, 2n–1,n,n are constructed for all decompositions of 6n–2 into four squares forn=2, 4, 6, ..., 20 and some base sequences forn=22, 24 are also given. So T-sequences (T-matrices) of length 71 are constructed here for the first time. This gives new Hadamard matrices of orders 213, 781, 1349, 1491, 1633, 2059, 2627, 2769, 3479, 3763, 4331, 4899, 5467, 5609, 5893, 6177, 6461, 6603, 6887, 7739, 8023, 8591, 9159, 9443, 9727, 9869.     

半质环的交换性条件

本文对满足可变恒等式的半质环在某种有界条件下给出了一个判断环Ｒ交换性的简便准则，使文献［２－２７］中所有相应结果均成为其直接推论．此外，对不限有界的情况，也得到较为广泛的结论．     

Uniform meyer solution to the three dimensional cauchy problem for laplace equation

We consider the three dimensional Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation uxx(x,y,z)+ uyy(x,y,z)+ uzz(x,y,z) = 0, x ∈ R,y ∈ R,0 z ≤ 1, u(x,y,0) = g(x,y), x ∈ R,y ∈ R, uz(x,y,0) = 0, x ∈ R,y ∈ R, where the data is given at z = 0 and a solution is sought in the region x,y ∈ R,0 z 1. The problem is ill-posed, the solution (if it exists) doesn't depend continuously on the initial data. Using Galerkin method and Meyer wavelets, we get the uniform stable wavelet approximate solution. Furthermore, we shall give a recipe for choosing the coarse level resolution.     

Toader型平均与几种经典平均的确界

给出了最佳参数α_1,α_2,α_3,β_1,β_2,β_3∈R,使得双向不等式α_1Q(a,b)+(1-α_1)G(a,b)0且a≠b成立.其中A(a,b)=(a+b)/2,H(a,b)=2ab/(a+b),G(a,b)=(ab)~(1/2),Q(a,b)=((a~2+b~2)/2)~(1/2),C(a,b)=(a~2+b~2)/(a+b),T(a,b)=2/π∫_0~(π/2)(a~2cos~2t+b~2sin~2)~(1/2)tdt分别是两个正数a和b的算术平均,调和平均,几何平均,二次平均,反调和平均和Toader平均.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The Origin of the Carolina Bays , by Douglas Johnson. A Guide to Naval Aviation , by Lt. Wallace W. Elton, USNR; Lt. Alfred H. Driscoll, USNR; Lt. Robert N. Burchmore, USNR; and Lt. Gray B. Larkum, USNR. Mathematics for Navigators , by Delwyn Hyatt, Commander, USN, (Ret.) and Bennett M. Dodson, Commander, USNR. The Text -Activity Books . Elementary Topography and Map Reading , by Samuel L. Greitzer. Earth Science , A Physiography, by Gustave L. Fletcher. Shopwork , by Edward C. Wicks, Instructor of Industrial Arts, Morristown High School, New Jersey, John Poljacik, Jr., Instructor of Industrial Arts, Morrislown High School, and John Ellberg, author of Tales of A Rambler. Shop Practice , by William J. Kennedy. Plane Trigonometry and Statics , by Norman Miller. The Story of Flying , by Archibald Black. Electricity for Everyone , by Joseph R. Lunt, late Professor of Science at Rhode Island College of Education, and William T. Wyman. Air Navigation for Beginners , A Ground School Primer for Aerial Navigators , by Scott G. Lamb, B.S., M.S. Essentials of Algebra (Complete Second Year Course ), by Walter W. Hart. Solid Geometry , by F. Eugene Seymour, Supervisor of Mathematics, New York State Department of Education, and Paul James Smith, Head of Department of Mathematics, East High School, Rochester, New York. Modern Science Series , by Charles E. Dull. Organic Chemistry , by C. W. Porter and T. D. Stewart. Man's Physical Universe , by Arthur Talbot Bawden. Man and His Physical Universe , by Frank Covert, Jean Ezra Clarence Harrah, and Fred Louis Herman. Elementary Electricity , by Edgar P. Slack.     

Regularisierte Faltung von Distributionen. Teil 2: Eine Tabelle von Fundamentallösungen

Zusammenfassung In der folgenden Liste sollen einige häufig vorkommende Differentialoperatoren und ihre Fundamentallösungen in der Art einer Integraltafel zusammengefaßt werden. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß Fundamentallösungen im allgemeinen (d. h. ohne Zusatzbedingungen) nicht eindeutig bestimmt sind. In den meisten Fällen sind Berechnungsverfahren zur Herleitung der angegebenen Fundamentallösungen skizziert. DAbei wurden sowohl neue Methoden (z. B. Regularisierung, Penalisierung, regularisierte Faltung: 3, 6, 8, 10, 15, 22, 23, 24, 28, 31, 38, 40, 44, 48, 50, 51, 52, 64, 65, 68, 69, 72, 73) als auch neue Fundamentallösungen (15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 31, 68, 69, 70) angegeben, deren Berechnung im 1. Teil (Abschnitt 3) aus Platzgründen nicht aufgenommen wurde. Die Berechnung von Fundamentallösungen mittelspartieller Fourier- oder Laplacetrans-formation, oder durch Spezialisierung in gewissen allgemeinen, von F. J. Bureau oder G. Herglotz angegebenen Integralen wurde außer Betracht gelassen und wird nicht zitiert. Für die Operatoren 26, 66, 67, 71, 74 und 77 wurden keine Fundamentallösungen angeschrieben, da entweder die entsprechende Literatur nur auszugsweise zur Verfügung stand oder die Formeln zu umfangreich sind.

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Summary Similar to a table of integrals the following table contains some frequently occurring differential operators and their fundamental solutions. However one has to pay attention to the fact, that fundamental solutions are not given uniquely (i.e. without assuming further conditions). In most cases you find methods to derive the listed fundamental solutions. We give new methods (e.g. regularization, penalization, regularized convolution: 3, 6, 8, 10, 15, 22, 23, 24, 28, 31, 38, 40, 44, 48, 50, 51, 52, 64, 65, 68, 69, 72, 73) as well as new fundamental solutions (15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 31, 68, 69, 70), whose computation is not contained in part one (section 3) for lack of space. The derivation of fundamental solutions bypartial Fourier- or Laplace Transformation, or by specializing certain general integrals given by F. J. Bureau or G. Herglotz is not taken into account. For the operators 26, 66, 67, 71, 74 and 77 no fundamental solutions are given either for the corresponding reference being only partially available or the formulas being too long.

     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Physics, A Basic Science, by Elmer E. Burns, Teacher of Physics (Emeritus), Austin High School, Chicago; Frank L. Verwiebe, Associate Professor of Physics, Hamilton College, Research Associate, Army Institute; and Herbert C. Hazel, Major, U. S. Marine Corps. Practical Radio Communication, by Arthur R. Nilson, Chief Instructor, Nilson Radio School, New York, N. Y. Lieutenant (Tecknicist) (Communications) U.S.N.R. (Retired); Member Institute of Radio Engineers, and J. L. Hornung, Lieutenant A-V (R.S) U.S.N.R.; Member Institute of Radio Engineers; Formerly Radio Instructor, New York University. Machines, by Charles R. Wallendorf, Administrative Assistant, Woodrow Wilson Vocational High School, Jamaica, N. Y., Frank Stewart, Department of Applied Physics, Brooklyn Technical High School, N. Y., George Luedeke, Supervisor of Shop Subjects in Vocational High Schools, Board of Education, New York, N. Y., and Dominic M. Chiarello, Department of Applied Electricity, Brooklyn Technical High School, N. Y. Systematics and the Origin of Species, by Ernst Mayr Common Edible Mushrooms, by Clyde M. Christensen Handbook of Microscopic Characteristics of Tissues and Organs, 2nd edition, by Karl A. Stiles Plane Trigonometry, by Arthur W. Weeks, M.A., The Phillips Exeter Academy, and H. Gray Funkhouser, Ph.D. Analytic Geometry, by Frederick H. Steen, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Mathematics, Allegheny College, and Donald H. Ballou, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Middlebury College. Electricity, by Charles A. Rirsde. Principles and Practice of Radio Servicing, by H. J. Hicks, M.S. Experimental Electronics, by Ralph H. Müller, Professor of Chemistry, New York University; R. L. Carman, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, New York University; and M. E. Droz, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, New York University. Simplified Industrial Mathematics, by John H. Wolfe, Ph.D., Supervisor of Ford Apprentice Training, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan; William F. Mueller, A.B., Principal of Ford Aircraft Apprentice School, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan; and Seibert D. Mullikin, B.S., Principal of Ford Airplane Apprentice School, Ford Motor Company, Willow Run, Michigan.     

最坏框架与平均框架下区间[1,1]上带Jacobi权的函数逼近

本文研究最坏框架和平均框架下区间[1,1]上带Jocobi权(1 x)α(1+x)β,α,β1/2的函数逼近问题.在最坏框架下,本文得到加权Sobolev空间BWr p,α,β在Lq,α,β(1 q∞)空间尺度下的Kolmogorov n-宽度和线性n-宽度的渐近最优阶,其中Lq,α,β(1 q∞)表示区间[1,1]上带Jacobi权的加权Lq空间.在平均框架下,本文研究具有Gauss测度的加权Sobolev空间Wr2,α,β被多项式子空间和Fourier部分和算子在Lq,α,β(1 q∞)空间尺度下的最佳逼近问题,得到平均误差估计的渐近阶.我们发现,在平均框架下,多项式子空间和Fourier部分和算子在Lq,α,β(1 q2+22 max{α,β}+1)空间尺度下是渐近最优的线性子空间和渐近最优的线性算子.