不同磷含量对NiMoP/Al2O3加氢处理催化剂的影响

采用NiMoP浸渍液浸渍载体γ Al₂O₃制备了不同磷含量的NiMoP/Al₂O₃加氢处理催化剂。为了研究磷对该系列催化剂活性相结构的影响,用二苯并噻吩（DBT）和喹啉为模型化合物,考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫（HDS）和加氢脱氮（HDN）性能。结果表明,添加适当的磷能够提高催化剂的HDS和HDN活性,但是高含量的磷能显著的降低催化剂的催化性能。通过对催化剂进行XRD和HRTEM表征发现,添加磷能够增加MoS2的堆积层数以及Ⅱ型“Ni-Mo-S”相的相对含量,这是因为在制备过程中添加磷降低了活性组分与载体之间的相互作用。     

乙二醇对磷掺杂NiMo/Al_2O_3加氢催化剂性能的影响

采用NiMoP浸渍液中添加乙二醇(EG)的方式制备了不同EG含量的NiMoP(x)/Al_2O_3催化剂,为研究EG及其含量对该系列催化剂催化性能和活性相结构的影响,用二苯并噻吩(DBT)和喹啉(Q)为模型化合物,考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)和加氢脱氮(HDN)性能。结果表明,在EG添加量较低的情况下(EG/Ni物质的量比分别为0、0.5、1、2、3),EG能够明显提高催化剂对DBT和Q的HDS和HDN活性,其中,HDN活性提高幅度大于HDS,且随着EG含量提高,催化剂的HDS和HDN活性进一步提高。通过TEM分析和XPS分析可知,EG有助于增加催化剂中MoS_2颗粒的堆积层数和片层长度,且随着EG含量增加,堆积层数和片层长度都有所增加;EG有助于提高Mo表面原子浓度,对Ni表面原子浓度影响较小,但明显提高了Mo和Ni硫化程度。TG表征说明,EG在氧化铝和催化剂表面存在多种相互作用方式,并且存在与活性组分相互作用的耐高温有机物种。     

磷含量对NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂活性相结构的影响

采用程序升温还原(TPR)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征手段对共浸渍法制备的不同磷含量NiMo/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征,研究了磷含量对NiMo/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性相结构的影响。TPR研究表明,磷能够减少四面体配位Mo物种的数量,增加八面体配位Mo物种的数量,促进高活性Ⅱ型"Ni-Mo-S"活性相的形成。HRTEM研究表明,随磷含量的增加,MoS2颗粒堆积层数增加,催化剂的加氢选择性提高;适量磷能够增加边角位有效Mo原子的分散度(fMo),增加催化剂表面加氢脱硫(HDS)和加氢脱氮(HDN)活性位的数量。上述结论得到了XPS表征的证实:适量磷增加了催化剂表面Mo原子浓度、提高有效助剂比率(PR)和提升比率(Ni/Mo),相应催化剂表现出最高的HDS和HDN活性;但过高磷含量能够引起MoS2颗粒过度堆积,片层长度过长,导致活性位数量减少,催化活性降低。     

磷含量对NiMo/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性相结构的影响

采用程序升温还原（TPR）、高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）表征手段对共浸渍法制备的不同磷含量NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂进行了表征,研究了磷含量对NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂活性相结构的影响。TPR研究表明,磷能够减少四面体配位Mo物种的数量,增加八面体配位Mo物种的数量,促进高活性Ⅱ型"Ni-Mo-S"活性相的形成。HRTEM研究表明,随磷含量的增加,MoS₂颗粒堆积层数增加,催化剂的加氢选择性提高;适量磷能够增加边角位有效Mo原子的分散度(fMo),增加催化剂表面加氢脱硫（HDS）和加氢脱氮（HDN）活性位的数量。上述结论得到了XPS表征的证实：适量磷增加了催化剂表面Mo原子浓度、提高有效助剂比率（PR）和提升比率（Ni/Mo）,相应催化剂表现出最高的HDS和HDN活性;但过高磷含量能够引起MoS₂颗粒过度堆积,片层长度过长,导致活性位数量减少,催化活性降低。     

激光拉曼光谱研究NiMoP浸渍液活性组分的结构Ⅰ.磷含量的影响

采用激光拉曼光谱(LRS)分析技术对NiMoP浸渍液和浸渍于氧化铝载体后干燥样品进行了表征,研究了磷含量对NiMoP浸渍液中的活性相组成、结构以及浸渍过程中活性相结构变化的影响.结果表明,在磷酸含量较低的NiMoP浸渍液中活性组分主要有NixH6-2x[P2Mo5O23]、NixH7-2x[PMo11O39]或NixH3-2x[PMo9O31]及NixH3-2x[PMo12O40]杂多化合物结构,随着磷酸添加量的增加,后两种结构逐渐转化成第一种杂多化合物的结构;低磷含量浸渍液中的各种杂多化合物活性组分在浸渍过程中在氧化铝孔道中会发生分解,转变成七聚钼酸盐,提高浸渍液中的磷酸含量能够部分地阻止杂多化合物在载体氧化铝孔道中的分解.     

Ni_2P/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及其加氢脱硫、脱氮性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附比表面积(BET)测定、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征.催化剂加氢脱硫(HDS)和脱氮(HDN)活性评价在实验室固定床连续反应装置上,以噻吩和吡啶为模型反应物进行.考察了不同载体、Ni2P负载量、标称Ni/P摩尔比、催化剂焙烧温度对Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂上同时进行的噻吩加氢脱硫和吡啶加氢脱氮性能的影响.结果表明,TiO2含量为80%(w)的TiO2-Al2O3复合氧化物为载体,Ni2P负载量为30.0%(w),标称Ni/P摩尔比为1/2,催化剂焙烧温度为500℃时,Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫脱氮活性最高.在360℃,3.0MPa,氢油比800(V/V),液时体积空速1.5h-1的条件下,噻吩HDS和吡啶HDN转化率分别为61.32%和64.43%.     

WP/γ-Al2O3催化剂负载方式对噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响

以γ-Al2O3为载体，分别采用机械混合法、共浸渍法、分步浸渍法和程序升温、高纯氢气还原无定型磷钨酸盐的方法，制备了活性组分为磷化钨，负载量为20%的WP/γ-Al2O3催化剂。考察了不同方法制备的催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫（HDS）反应的催化活性。结果表明：不同负载方式对催化剂结构有一定影响，对噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响在低温时较明显。采用机械混合方式，先混合后还原方法制备的催化剂其HDS活性比先还原后混合方法制备的催化剂高；采用共浸渍和分步浸渍方式，通过焙烧所形成的催化剂其HDS活性分别比不经焙烧所形成的催化剂高或接近；浸渍焙烧所形成的催化剂其HDS活性远远高于机械混合法制备的催化剂。     

ZrO2及其含量对Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,并考察了ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体及其ZrO2含量对Pd基催化剂噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响,运用XRD和NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体及其ZrO2含量对Pd基催化剂的HDS性能有较大的影响,其中ZrO2含量为12wt%时Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的活性最好。ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体及其ZrO2含量对Pd基催化活性的影响是通过增加Pd的分散度、H吸附量和催化剂的酸量、以及降低活性组分与载体的相互作用来实现。     

硫化态三组元NiMoP／ γ—AI2O3催化剂的TPR表征及噻吩HDS活性的研究

石油馏份油加氢精制的核心是馏份油的加氢脱硫（HDS）和加氢脱氮（HDN）。目前用于基础研究与工业过程的加氢精制催化剂主要是负载型过渡金属硫化物[Co(Ni)Mo(W)/γ-AI2O3]^[1,2]。近年来的研究结果表明,在活性相中引入其它适宜种类的助剂组元有助于催化剂活性及产物选择性的改善^[3,4]。本文以Keggin型钼磷酸为硫化物前体活性相钼磷源、硝酸镍为镍源制成不同钼含量的负载型硫化态三组元催化剂（NiMoP/γ-AI2O3）,并在TPR及连续流动固定床反应装置上考察了催化剂的氢还原性能及模型底物噻吩HDS反应活性。     

激光拉曼光谱研究NiMoP浸渍液活性组分的结构 Ⅰ.磷含量的影响

采用激光拉曼光谱（LRS）分析技术对NiMoP浸渍液和浸渍于氧化铝载体后干燥样品进行了表征,研究了磷含量对NiMoP浸渍液中的活性相组成、结构以及浸渍过程中活性相结构变化的影响。结果表明,在磷酸含量较低的NiMoP浸渍液中活性组分主要有NixH6-2x\[P2Mo5O23\]、NixH7-2x\[PMo11O39\] 或NixH3-2x\[PMo9O31\]及NixH3-2x\[PMo12O40\]杂多化合物结构,随着磷酸添加量的增加,后两种结构逐渐转化成第一种杂多化合物的结构;低磷含量浸渍液中的各种杂多化合物活性组分在浸渍过程中在氧化铝孔道中会发生分解,转变成七聚钼酸盐,提高浸渍液中的磷酸含量能够部分地阻止杂多化合物在载体氧化铝孔道中的分解。
     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.