钴氢氧化物修饰玻碳电极的镀膜/循环伏安法制备及其电化学行为

采用一种新方法镀膜 /循环伏安法成功制备了钴氢氧化物修饰玻碳电极 .考察了影响钴氢氧化物膜电催化活性的因素 ,确定最佳富集时间为 2min ,最佳活性单元浓度为 9 90× 10 -4mol·L-1.讨论了成膜过程及机理 .膜氧化峰电流 (i0pa)与扫描速率 (v <0 60V·s-1)成正比 ,具有表面吸附反应特征 ,表面覆盖量约相当于 0 5个单层的氧化还原活性物质 .制得的钴氢氧化物膜修饰电极具有相当的稳定性 ,并对H2 O2 氧化表现出较高的电催化活性 .线性回归方程为 :Δipa( μA) =-2 10 3 6+2 3 72 0× 10 4CH2 O2 (mol·L-1) (R =0 9990 ,n =18) ,线性范围为 :1 43× 10 -5～ 1 80× 10 -2 mol·L-1,检出限为 :9 5 9× 10 -6mol·L-1( 3S/k) .     

氢氧化钴修饰玻碳电极的制备及其电化学行为

采用循环伏安法成功制备了氢氧化钴薄膜修饰玻碳电极。考察了影响膜电沉积的因素 ,确定成膜液最佳pH为7.5 ,最佳扫描电位范围为1.00～ -0.20V。讨论了成膜过程及机理 ,成膜关键是Co2 +在电极表面的氧化。制得的膜修饰电极具有表面吸附反应特征 ,表面覆盖量相当于5～6个单层的氧化还原活性物质。膜修饰电极具有良好的稳定性 ,并对H2O2 表现出较高的电催化活性。线性回归方程为 :ΔIpa(μA)=15.92+4.99×104c(H2O2)(mol·L -1)(r=0.9976 ,n=18) ,线性范围为1.72×10 -5～9.92×10 -3mol·L -1,检出限为4.25×10 -6mol·L -1(S/N=3)。     

镍氢氧化物修饰玻碳电极的制备及其电化学行为

采用一种新方法———镀膜/循环伏安法成功制备了镍氢氧化物修饰玻碳电极。考察了影响镍氢氧化物膜电催化活性的因素,确定最佳富集时间为2min,最佳富集电位为-1.4V。讨论了成膜过程及机理。膜氧化峰电流及催化氧化峰电流均受扩散控制。制得的镍氢氧化物膜修饰电极具有相当的稳定性,并对H2O2的电氧化表现出较高的电催化活性。该电极对H2O2响应的线性范围为1.71×10-5~1.33×10-2mol/L,检出限为2.86×10-6mol/L(S/N=3)。     

新型双核铜配合物修饰玻碳电极对抗坏血酸的电催化作用及其测定

采用电沉积方法将双核铜配合物修饰于玻碳(GC)电极表面制得了[LCu]2biPy/GC电极。研究了[LCu]2biPy/GC电极的电化学性质,并发现该电极对抗坏血酸具有良好的电催化氧化作用。考察了该电极作为抗坏血酸传感器的操作条件,结果表明:修饰电极在pH 7.0的磷酸盐(PBS)缓冲溶液,-0.2~0.8 V电位范围内,以50 mV.s-1进行循环伏安扫描,催化电流峰与抗坏血酸浓度在4.0×10-5~1.2×10-4mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2.5×10-6mol.L-1。用于3种水果汁中抗坏血酸的测定,测定结果的RSD在1.6%~2.1%之间,回收率在97.8%~102.1%之间。     

氯化血红素修饰玻碳电极的制备及其作用机理

以正交法设计实验方案 ,用循环伏安法研究了氯化血红素在玻碳电极上的电化学行为及电催化作用 ,发现 :(1)氯化血红素在电极表面有两种状态 单体和二聚体 ,阴极峰电位分别为 - 0 .2 5± 0 .0 1V和 - 0 .4 3± 0 .0 1V ;(2 )两种状态对过氧化氢均有电催化还原作用 ,单体的催化活性是二聚体的 1.4 5倍 ,并给出了相应的作用机理。以介质转换后Δi2 为指标确定了影响膜稳定性的主要因素为pH ,给出了制备与测试该修饰电极的最佳条件。电催化还原过氧化氢电流与其浓度的线性关系为Δi (A) =3.184 6× 10 -6+2 .6 371× 10 -5C(mmol/L) ;检出限为 1.7× 10 -5mol/L ;相关系数为 0 .992 8,电极催化性能两星期内不变     

改性钠基蒙脱土修饰电极上百草枯的电化学行为及测定

制备了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性钠基蒙脱土修饰电极,用循环伏安法研究了百草枯在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,结果表明该电极过程受扩散控制。计算了电极过程的部分动力学参数：电极的电活化面积Aeff=2.108mm2,扩散系数D=5.73×10-4cm2/s。用方波溶出伏安法优化了测定参数,测定了浓度与峰电流ipa1的线性关系,发现ipa1与百草枯浓度在9.660×10-7~3.865×10-4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检测限为3.297×10–7 mol/L,用该方法测定了实际水样中百草枯的含量,增敏回收率为：94.55%~108.25%。     

L-半胱氨酸自组装膜电极对米吐尔的电催化及其分析应用

研究了米吐尔在L 半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰金电极上的电化学行为。米吐尔在该修饰电极上的CV曲线仅出现一对峰 ,其峰形对称 ,ΔEp =42mV ,氧化还原峰电流之比约等于 1,为可逆反应 ;扩散系数D =2 .2 4× 10 - 6 cm2 ·s- 1 。初步探讨了电催化机理。差分脉冲伏安法测定其氧化峰电流与米吐尔浓度在 5 .0× 10 - 7～ 2 .0× 10 - 5mol/L和 5 .0× 10 - 5～ 1.0× 10 - 3 mol/L范围内分段呈线性关系 ;相关系数分别为 0 .9987和 0 .9972 ;检测限 1.0× 10 - 8mol/L     

辅酶Ⅰ在Co／CFUE上的电化学行为及应用

辅酶I(NAD+)在0.005moL/LTris 0.01moL/LNaCl溶液(pH7.0)中,于钴离子注入修饰碳纤维电极上出现一个S形的还原波,半波电位为-1.45V(vs.SCE)。峰电流与NAD+的浓度在2.38×10-5～4.76×10-4mol/L(r=0 9992)和4.76×10-4～1.78×10-3mol/L(r=0.9982)之间成线性关系,检出限为1.19×10-5mol/L,回收率在96.7%～103.4%之间。用线性扫描、循环伏安法研究了钴离子注入修饰碳纤维电极上NAD+的电化学行为。电极反应机理为:NAD++e NAD·;NAD·+e+H+ NADH;2NAD·→NAD2。另外,钴离子注入修饰碳纤维电极对NAD+具有电催化作用。     

Pt/巯基乙酸/玻碳电极的表面形貌与电催化性能

以巯基乙酸为偶联层在玻碳(GC)电极上组装 Pt纳米颗粒, 得到Pt /巯基乙酸/GC电极, 利用扫描电镜(SEM)和循环伏安法(CV)研究了不同条件下复合电极的表面形貌和电化学性能. 研究结果表明, 巯基乙酸在GC电极表面具有特性吸附, 形成了具有一定致密性的吸附层. 在0.5 mol/L H2SO4+1.0 mol/L CH3OH溶液中, 组装19 h的复合电极对甲醇氧化表现出较好的电催化性能.     

铁氰化镨修饰的电化学传感器的研制及其对半胱氨酸的测定

采用循环伏安法在PrCl3+K3Fe(CN)6溶液中于石墨电极表面电沉积铁氰化镨(PrHCF)薄膜,制备PrHCF修饰电极。对该修饰电极电化学的行为进行分析,包括扫描速度、K+浓度以及阴、阳离子对膜电极的影响。同时,以红外和XPS对膜进行了表征,IR谱图中氰基的伸缩振动峰证明了膜的存在;而XPS谱图中Fe2p1/2和Fe2p3/2能级的分裂说明了在成膜过程中Fe的价态发生变化,据此提出了可能的电聚合机理。同时,此修饰电极对半胱氨酸具有电催化氧化活性,并对其响应进行了研究。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.