冷却塔环形基础板的平面应力分析

本文研究了冷却塔的基础环板在水平力作用下的应力分布状况,用弹性反力系数K模拟地基土在水平向的弹性性态,求得了问题的幂级数形式的解。本文探讨了基础环板内的应力分布与地基土的剪切弹性模量及基础板的杨氏弹性模量之间的关系。     

非均质土层下基桩的动力稳定性研究

本文根据桩在轴向谐振力作用下，探讨了非均质层下基桩的动力稳定性问题，分析了各种地基土横向抗力系数K以及桩的几何特征，激振频率，桩土阻尼对桩动力稳定性的影响，结果表明，随地基土层的不同，基桩的动力不稳定区域将发生不同的变化，随桩径，桩长的增大，基桩的动力不稳定区域将逐渐减小，表明地基土的横向抗力对桩的动力稳定性起加强作用，桩土阻尼对基桩的动力稳定性影响较大，得出了一些有价值的结论，可为工程设计提供参考依据。     

饱和土埋置力源的三维动力Lamb问题解答

基于一组弹性土波动方程，应用Fourier级数展开和Hankel积分变换，得到了三维问题饱和土骨架与孔隙水的应力及位移分量在变换域内的积分形式通解．考虑地基表面透水情形，由边界条件导出了半空间饱和土体在埋置力源作用下的三维动力Lamb问题的解答．给出了埋置水平力作用下地基表面竖向位移、径向位移及周向位移的数值解．该研究为运用边界元法求解饱和地基的动力响应课题奠定了理论基础．     

孔隙率各向异性下饱和多孔弹性地基动力响应

由于不同的沉积条件和应力状态, 天然土体通常表现出一定的各向异性特征. 文章研究地基上表面受温度载荷和机械载荷时, 孔隙率各向异性参数变化对饱和多孔弹性地基热-水-力耦合动力响应问题的影响. 基于Lord-Shulman广义热弹性理论, 结合孔隙率各向异性基本假设, 建立了孔隙率各向异性饱和多孔弹性地基热-水-力耦合动力响应模型, 利用正则模态法推导出无量纲竖向位移、超孔隙水压力、竖向应力和温度分布的解析表达式并加以图示. 正则模态法是一种利用加权残差求得解析解的方法, 相较于其他方法能快速求解偏微分方程. 当孔隙率各向异性参数为1时, 可将该各向异性耦合动力响应模型退化为热-水-力耦合动力响应模型验证该地基模型的合理性. 着重分析了孔隙率各向异性参数变化对不同物理量的影响. 结果表明: 孔隙率各向异性参数变化对物理量均有一定影响. 在地基上表面受温度载荷作用时, 对超孔隙水压力和竖向应力影响最为明显; 在地基上表面受机械载荷作用时, 对超孔隙水压力和温度影响明显. 整体而言, 无论地基上表面受何种载荷, 随着各向异性参数增大, 峰值逐渐减小, 在地基深度增加方向峰值所在位置向靠近地基上表面方向移动.      

DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF SATURATED POROUS ELASTIC FOUNDATION UNDER POROSITY ANISOTROPY$^{\bf 1)}$

由于不同的沉积条件和应力状态, 天然土体通常表现出一定的各向异性特征. 文章研究地基上表面受温度载荷和机械载荷时, 孔隙率各向异性参数变化对饱和多孔弹性地基热-水-力耦合动力响应问题的影响. 基于Lord-Shulman广义热弹性理论, 结合孔隙率各向异性基本假设, 建立了孔隙率各向异性饱和多孔弹性地基热-水-力耦合动力响应模型, 利用正则模态法推导出无量纲竖向位移、超孔隙水压力、竖向应力和温度分布的解析表达式并加以图示. 正则模态法是一种利用加权残差求得解析解的方法, 相较于其他方法能快速求解偏微分方程. 当孔隙率各向异性参数为1时, 可将该各向异性耦合动力响应模型退化为热-水-力耦合动力响应模型验证该地基模型的合理性. 着重分析了孔隙率各向异性参数变化对不同物理量的影响. 结果表明: 孔隙率各向异性参数变化对物理量均有一定影响. 在地基上表面受温度载荷作用时, 对超孔隙水压力和竖向应力影响最为明显; 在地基上表面受机械载荷作用时, 对超孔隙水压力和温度影响明显. 整体而言, 无论地基上表面受何种载荷, 随着各向异性参数增大, 峰值逐渐减小, 在地基深度增加方向峰值所在位置向靠近地基上表面方向移动.     

地基抗压刚度系数随深度变化的分析

近几年来,作者在对土的动性能所作的多次实验中,发现匀质土中弹性波的传播速度(V)、剪切模量(G)、地基抗压刚度系数(Cz)有随土层深度而变化的现象。针对这一现象,又系统地对黄土状亚粘土、湿陷性黄土、砂性土、淤泥及淤泥质土、砾石等进行了现场实验.实验结果表明:匀质土中弹性波的传播速度、剪切模量、地基抗压刚度系数均随土层深度增加而增大;不同性质的土层,其变化规律亦异.本文介绍了上述实验结果,并从土力学的观点对剪切模量随深度变化的抗压刚度系数进行了理论分析.通过所做的实验和分析,作者认为目前在设计动力机器基础时,将地基土的弹性系数(E、G)、地基抗压刚度系数(Cz)视作与深度无关的常量,需要重新考虑.     

光弹性方法中的地基模拟

当用光弹性模型研究土地基上的弹性结构的应力时,结构及模型材料的弹性模量(E_(ep),E_(em))和地基及模拟地基材料的弹性模量(E_p,E_m)应该满足E_(ep)/E_p=E_(em)/E_m。本文提供的地基模拟方法,在保持土的变形特点的情况下,E_m=1.54kg/cm~2(在115℃时)。首次使 E_(em)/E_m=123。     

反扰力振动控制理论及其在井塔消振中的应用

应用反扰力振动控制方法，通过施加一个与原扰力在相位上相反的控制力，来抵消原扰力对结构的影响。此法用于实际的矿井井塔建筑结构消振工程，取得了消振９０％以上的显著效果，从而证实了此法的正确性和有效性。此法在动力荷载扰力作用下的建筑结构振动控制工程中，具有重要的应用价值     

移动荷载下单相弹性地基三维稳态响应

针对移动荷载对地基产生振动影响的问题,研究了移动荷载作用下弹性地基的动力响应。将移动单元法引入到单相弹性土介质的半解析方法中,构造了随荷载按照相同速度运动的移动层单元,基于移动坐标下弹性土介质的动力控制方程和边界条件,应用加权残数法建立了在移动荷载下单相弹性地基的三维动态响应半解析方程,将固定坐标下的动力问题转化为移动坐标下的拟静力问题。数值分析了荷载移动速度、地基阻尼等参数对地基动力响应的影响。本文工作表明,在半解析法中引入移动单元是研究移动荷载下单相介质动态响应的一种有效的方法。     

考虑相邻建筑物影响的结构动力性能分析

本文采用通用子结构法分析了结构——土——结构相互作用问题的动力性能,并给出了考虑地基土和基础底板在接触界面上发生相对位移时的系统的运动方程式。相邻的二个建筑物,当二者之间距离很近时,将通过地基土大大地改变它们原来的动力性能。对于一个较低矮的建筑物邻近于一个较高耸的建筑物而言,情况尤其如此。然而,随着二者之间距离的增大,结构动力性能的变化将迅速地减小。     

2D dynamics of a stratified elastic subsoil layer

Summary The aim of this contribution is to propose a 2D model for an elastic stratified subsoil layer, which takes into account the effect of inhomogeneity on the dynamic behaviour of a medium. The obtained equations describe the subsoil response to the time-dependent foundation soil loadings, and can be applied to the analysis of dynamic subsoil-structure interactions. It is shown under which conditions the effect of microproperties of a medium on its dynamic response cannot be neglected.     

Prediction of wheel-soil interaction and performance using the finite element method

In this experimental-analytical study of wheel-soil interaction, a technique based on the finite element method is used for predicting continuous wheel performance and subsoil response behaviour. The evaluation of wheel-soil interaction performance at any degree of slip is performed using energy principles. The analytical technique utilizes experimentally determined wheel-soil particle path as displacement input for load simulation to predict the soil response beneath the wheel.

An incremental loading approach is adopted to satisfy as closely as possible the soil loading path. The solution requires initial conditions which establish the soil at zero energy level (no stress history) and proceeds to stationary wheel positions with wheel-soil penetration equal to its dynamic sinkage. The method of analysis then proceeds to the steady-state wheel travel mode. The predicted drawbar pulls and subsoil behaviour results are presented and shown to compare well with the experimentally measured values.     

煤矿采空区公路路基沉陷病害的治理技术

结合公路路基的物探检测结果和公路沉陷病害现状,并考虑实际施工的可行性等因素,介绍了深层明挖法处治、浅层明挖后基底强夯法处治、注浆处治和暂不处治等处治措施,供同行参考。     

A solution of the diffusion equation with nonlinear right-hand side

The division of a rectangular pile of subsoil water between two channels with different water levels is considered. Evaporation is allowed for as a function of the depth of the subsoil stream. The problem reduces to solution of a nonlinear integral equation and is solved approximately by a method developed from the method of successive replacement of stationary states. A numerical example is given.     

Force transmitted below the soil surface by human gait

A force platform, which can provide three dimensional forces and moments on its top surface, was used to study force transmitted by human gait below the soil surface in order to understand detonation of antipersonnel landmines. Soils of varying depth were packed on the top surface of the platform to measure the forces transferred from the soil surface. Experimental variables included subjects (people), soil depth, soil type, moisture content, and compaction level. Soils used in this study were sand and sandy loam. There were medium and high two compaction levels for each soil. Sandy loam soil included two moisture contents; sand tested involved two moisture contents and dry sand. Soil depth varies from 0 (bare platform) to 200 mm. Five subjects with different weights were selected and used in this study.The subsoil force and its duration were measured for different subjects at a depth up to 200 mm. The impulse in subsoil was then calculated and used in evaluating the effect of different subjects on the force transfer in soil. The results indicated that loose soil can transfer larger force to subsoil than dense soil; test results showed that heavier subjects also created larger subsoil forces than lighter ones. Whether the effect of soil depth on subsoil impulse was significant was depended on the soil conditions. For the sand with 5.5% moisture content and bulk density of 1800 kg/m³, soil depth significantly affected subsoil impulses. For the sandy loam soil, the mass of subject increased from 50 to 100 kg resulted in 100% increase in subsoil impulses at all four depths; for the sand, the mass of subject increased from 55 to 100 kg approximately. This resulted in 80% increase in subsoil impulses under all four depths regardless of moisture content and bulk density. The results of this study will helpful for designing new equipment and evaluating existing machines for neutralizing landmines.     

新型立式动平衡机的设计与分析

在分析传统的双面立式动平衡机的振动结构的基础上，设计了一种新的立式动平衡机的振动结构(即摆架)，采用新摆架结构的动平衡机可以实现静不平衡和偶不平衡的有效分离。文中详细分析了新摆架结构的特点，并在ANSYS7．0平台上对摆架进行了有限元模态分析和谐响应分析。由于新的摆架结构采用多块簧板，在多个部位刚度匹配，且采用多个传感器安装于测量点处，这样新的动平衡机可以直接测量静不平衡和偶不平衡，且相互影响极小。实践证明：采用新摆架结构的动平衡机特别适合于飞行物体的惯性测量，且克服了传统的双面立式动平衡机长期以来平面分离不佳的缺点，具有很高的推广价值。     

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION STRUCTURE OF VERTICAL DYNAMIC BALANCING MACHINE

I. INTRODUCTION The shape of some ?ying objects (called workpieces) is similar to that of shafts. These ?ying objectsoften have a large size. Their dispersion e?ect a?ects the ?ying control and the precision in hitting atarget. The dispersion e?ect is the statistical deviation when ?ying objects depart from their preconcerted?ying orbits. As the unevenness of mass distribution is the major cause of the dispersion e?ect, thedouble-plane vertical dynamic balancing technique for ?ying ob…     

Influence of strain rate on mechanical properties of 6061-T6 aluminum under uniaxial and biaxial states of stress

A technique is presented for determining mechanical properties of materials under dynamic tensile loads. A Dynapak metalworking machine was modified into a test fixture capable of producing the required dynamic loads for uniaxial and certain biaxial tensile tests. Results from uniaxial dynamic tests on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy are presented and compared to “static” data obtained from a universal testing machine. The dependence of tensile strength on strain rate and the augmenting effect of temperature on this dependence can be seen. The results of biaxial tests are described in terms of a modified form of the distortion-energy failure theory.     

The response of a layered half-space to traffic loads moving along its surface

Summary The dynamic behaviour of a railway system is influenced by the interaction of its three subsystems: the vehicles, the rail construction itself and the subsoil. In this paper, the subsoil is considered as a linear-elastic layered half-space. Integral transformations are used for the analysis of this system: Fourier transformation for the time/frequency domain and for the space/wavenumber domains with respect to the horizontal coordinates. One arrives at an ordinary differential equation for the vertical direction, by which different layers or continuously changing elastic properties can be taken into account in an efficient manner. The efficiency of the transformation technique depends substantially on the effort necessary for the inverse transformation. A substantial reduction of data can be achieved in an error-controlled procedure if a wavelet transformation is applied as an additional transformation. The calculations are illustrated by solutions of several examples of moving time-dependent loads, particularly of a train model with four vehicles idealized by moving forces, time depending as if they were passing a rigid surface with a given roughness. Received 23 December 1997; accepted for publication 22 July 1998     

土-基础相互作用隔震体系地震随机响应分析

视地基土为各向同性的弹性半空间,用弹簧-粘性阻尼器模拟土对结构的影响,将地震激励模拟为平稳随机过程,对基础隔震体系的随机响应进行了分析。分析结果表明,地基土的性质对隔震结构有直接影响,但其影响比非隔震结构小得多。