载荷作用方式及范围对简支圆板反直观行为的影响

采用有限元法,研究了周边简支圆板在不同载荷作用方式和作用面积下的反直观动力响应。分析了加载方式和作用面积对反直观行为的影响,得到了不同载荷下反直观行为的特点,发现了反直观行为时程曲线的反弹次数与相应载荷区间之间的关系。研究结果表明：不同载荷下,反直观行为的变化规律基本相同,但各有其特点;首发反直观行为在整个反直观行为中起着重要作用;用首发反直观动力响应的位移历史曲线可以判断继发反直观动力行为所在载荷区间的最少个数。     

圆形中空夹层钢管超高性能钢纤维混凝土柱抗爆性能野外实验与数值模拟

通过6根圆形中空夹层钢管超高性能钢纤维混凝土(UHPSFRCFDST)柱爆炸破坏实验,研究了轴压、折合距离、空心率和迎爆面形状对其动态响应及损伤破坏的影响,并运用LS-DYNA软件建立了爆炸荷载作用下UHPSFRCFDST柱动态响应的有限元模型。在验证了模型有效性的基础上,运用参数化分析方法,研究了轴压比、空心率、含钢率、内层和外层钢管径厚比及其强度等关键参数对圆形UHPSFRCFDST柱抗爆性能的影响。结果表明:有限元模型能够有效地分析UHPSFRCFDST柱在爆炸荷载作用下的动态响应及损伤破坏;在小于临界轴压时,提高轴压比能够提升UHPSFRCFDST柱抗爆性能,但超过临界轴压后继续提高反而会加重其损伤破坏;减小空心率或内、外层钢管径厚比均可有效提升UHPSFRCFDST柱的抗爆性能,提高含钢率或外层钢管强度也能达到相同效果,但提高内层钢管强度对其抗爆性能的提升作用并不显著。     

A numerical study on the deformation and fracture modes of steel projectiles during Taylor bar impact tests

A heterogeneous material model based on macro-mechanical observations is proposed for simulation of fracture in steel projectiles during impact. A previous experimental study on the deformation and fracture of steel projectiles during Taylor bar impact tests resulted in a variety of failure modes. The accompanying material investigation showed that the materials used in the impact tests were heterogeneous on scales ranging from microstructure as investigated with SEM to variation in fracture strains from tensile tests. A normal distribution is employed to achieve a heterogeneous numerical model with respect to the fracture properties. The proposed material model is calibrated based on the tensile tests, and then used to independently simulate the Taylor bar impact tests. A preliminary investigation showed that the simulations are sensitive to assumptions regarding the anvil behaviour and friction properties. A flexible anvil and a yield-limited friction law are shown to be necessary to correctly reproduce the experimental behaviour. The proposed model is then shown to be capable of correctly reproducing all fracture modes but one, and also predict critical impact velocities for projectile fracture with reasonable accuracy. Fragmentation at velocities above the critical velocity is not well reproduced due to excessive element erosion. Measures to make the element erosion process more physical are proposed and discussed with their respective drawbacks. The use of a simple fracture criterion in combination with an element erosion technique accentuates the effect of distributing the fracture parameter.     

侧向冲击载荷下钢管混凝土结构的动力响应及参数分析

采用刚塑性结构模态分析法和数值模拟方法,对侧向冲击载荷作用下的圆截面钢管混凝土结构进行了塑性动力分析。将钢管混凝土等效为刚塑性地基梁模型,给出了钢管混凝土构件跨中侧向变形的模态解析解,得到了冲击载荷作用下影响结构最终侧向变形的无量纲参数。利用ABAQUS/Explicit软件建立了钢管混凝土结构在侧向冲击作用下的动态响应数值模型并进行了计算分析,将理论预测值和数值模拟结果与试验结果进行了交叉对比。结合量纲分析和数值模型对影响构件最终变形的几何、物理参数及初始冲量进行了分析。结果表明：理论预测值和数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,结构的塑性变形与理论假定的塑性铰分布一致。构件几何参数中,长径比和径厚比对其侧向最终变形有较大影响;冲击头相对宽度可改变构件的变形模态;相比于几何参数,钢管和混凝土芯层的物理参数对构件跨中挠度的影响较小;结构的侧向变形与初始冲量成二次幂相关。最后给出了理论分析参数的适用范围。刚塑性响应模态解可较好地预测钢管混凝土结构在侧向冲击载荷作用下的塑性变形行为。

     

雨载作用下浮顶结构有限元分析的载荷修正法

浮顶结构的受力与变形之间存在着非线性的耦合关系,这给计算分析带来了很大的麻烦。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了单盘式浮顶结构在雨水载荷作用下有限元分析的载荷修正计算方法。通过对浮顶结构力学模型的分析,建立了浮顶结构载荷与单盘挠度之间的关系式,并基于这一关系式给出了浮顶结构有限元分析的载荷修正法和相应计算方案。载荷修正法的基本思想是,首先利用有限元方法对浮顶结构进行几何大变形非线性分析,然后通过迭代修正来调整载荷大小,使得计算得到的载荷与挠度满足给定关系式,最终获得浮顶结构的变形与受力情况。最后,将计算结果与试验结果进行了比较,验证了本文提出的计算方法的有效性和可靠性,为浮顶结构的进一步有限元分析打下基础。     

加载速率对船用钢断裂韧性的影响

在加载速率为100～106MPam1/2/s的范围内,分别采用准静态、示波冲击、Hopkinson杆型试验装置对某船用钢进行了断裂韧性测试。试验结果表明,此钢的断裂韧性对加载速率敏感,即随着加载速率的升高,断裂韧性下降;应用位错动力学对实验现象作出了解释。     

OnJ-integrals in the plane fracture of composite materials

By using a complex function method in this paper, the complex form of J-integral of mixed mode crack tip for unidirectional plate of linear-elastic orthotropic composites is obtained first by substituting crack tip stresses and displacements into general formula of J-integral. And then, the path-independence of this J-integral is proved. Finally, the computing formula of this J-integral is derived. As special examples, the complex forms, path-independence and computing formulae of J-integrals of mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ crack tips for unidirectional plate of linear-elastic orthotropic composites are given.     

横向爆炸载荷下薄壁圆管的动态响应

采用实验研究、理论分析和有限元模拟相结合的方法,研究了横向爆炸载荷作用下薄壁圆管的动态响应。利用弹道冲击摆锤系统,对圆管在爆炸载荷下的动力响应进行了实验研究,分析了薄壁圆管的变形模式;基于地基梁模型,建立了横向爆炸载荷作用下圆管跨中挠度的理论模型,并进行了无量纲化;通过有限元模拟,分析了圆管的几何参数对其变形模式和跨中挠度的影响,并与理论结果进行了对比。研究结果表明：随着TNT药量增加圆管的变形区域和跨中挠度增大;圆管的长径比、厚度及爆炸载荷参数对圆管的变形模式有较大影响;理论预测、有限元模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。

     

Effect of contact interaction of the crack faces for a crack under harmonic loading

This paper is concerned with dynamic problems in fracture mechanics for elastic solids having cracks with contacting faces. The contact problem for a penny-shaped crack with a nonzero initial opening under normally incident harmonic wave is solved by the method of boundary integral equations. The solutions are compared with those that neglect the contact interaction of the crack faces. Results are presented for different values of the initial crack opening Presented at the 6th International Conference on Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis (Bath, United Kingdom, September 5–7, 2006). Published in Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 7, pp. 125–131, July 2007.     

爆炸荷载下钢筋混凝土梁的变形和破坏

利用爆炸压力模拟器进行钢筋混凝土简支梁爆炸冲击实验,详细介绍了实验设计,通过实验系统分析了钢筋混凝土(RC)梁变形破坏特征以及钢筋作用机理和对变形破坏的影响,并建立了RC梁的分离式有限元模型,利用LS-DYNA分析了实验过程,对计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,分析了误差产生的原因,得到了爆炸冲击荷载作用下RC梁的损伤破坏特征和机理,可为毁伤评估和结构抗爆设计提供参考。     

Experimental study and BEM analysis of fatigue crack growth in a cracked heterogeneous body

A model for analysing a soft-hard heterogeneous body with a crack in the hard region is presented in this paper. The result of fatigue experiments shows that mechanical heterogeneity affects the rate of propagation of fatigue crack. Meanwhile the results computed by BEM for cracked heterogeneous bodies under cycling loading indicate that the smaller the distance between the crack and the interface of hard and soft regions is, the smaller the amplitude of crack opening displacement, COD and ofJ-integral as well at the same step during the fatigue crack growth will be. The effect of heterogeneity on the rate of fatigue crack propagation is shown by the variation of J. The smaller the distance of the crack to the interface is, the smaller the rate of fatigue crack growth will be.     

拉伸载荷作用下共面表面裂纹间应力强度因子影响系数的有限元分析

采用参数化有限元方法,结合节点力法和循环迭代算法,对一有限厚矩形板表面有两个相邻共面半椭圆表面裂纹在拉伸载荷作用下进行了求解,得到了两裂纹在不同形状和相隔距离时的应力强度因子的影响系数,计算结果对含三维广布裂纹结构的剩余强度和疲劳寿命有参考意义.     

Effect of T-stress on crack growth under mixed mode I–III loading

For a crack subjected to combined mode I and III loading the influence of a T-stress is analyzed, with focus on crack growth. The solid is a ductile metal modelled as elastic–plastic, and the fracture process is represented in terms of a cohesive zone model. The analyzes are carried out for conditions of small scale yielding, with the elastic solution applied as boundary conditions on the outer edge of the region analyzed. For several combinations of the stress intensity factors K_I and K_III and the T-stress crack growth resistance curves are calculated numerically in order to determine the fracture toughness. In all situations it is found that a negative T-stress adds to the fracture toughness, whereas a positive T-stress has rather little effect. For given values of K_I and T the minimum fracture toughness corresponds to K_III = 0.     

拉伸荷载下分支裂隙破坏机理研究

为研究拉伸荷载下分支裂隙对破坏模式的影响,保持主裂隙参数不变,改变分支裂隙倾角和长度,利用扩展有限元方法模拟了弯折裂隙的动态扩展,总结了分支裂隙参数变化对破坏模式的影响.利用ABAQUS中的轮廓积分计算了分支裂隙尖端应力强度因子,并根据最大周向应力准则计算起裂角.结果表明:拉伸荷载下分支裂隙出现三种破坏模式;分支裂隙倾...     

冲击作用下炸药热点形成的3维离散元模拟

为了探讨非均质炸药在冲击作用下的细观响应特性,分别对以HMX为基的PBX塑料粘接炸药和含孔洞的HMX炸药在活塞推动下热点的形成过程进行了3维离散元模拟(未考虑化学反应)。结果表明,塑料粘接炸药中的热点集中在炸药晶体与粘结剂的结合部,晶体温升低于粘结剂,且晶体边界温升高于内部。对于含孔洞炸药,热点温度与孔洞的尺寸和形状有关,大孔洞塌缩形成的热点温度高于小孔洞塌缩形成的热点温度,球形孔洞塌缩形成的热点温度高于立方体孔洞塌缩得到的热点温度。     

On use of the Galerkin method to solve the fracture mechanics problem for a linear crack under normal loading

The problem of contact interaction of the opposite faces of a linear crack under a normally incident harmonic tension-compression wave is numerically solved by the Galerkin method with piecewise-linear continuous elements. The dependence of the stress intensity factor (opening mode) on the wave number is investigated Published in Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 11, pp. 137–142, November 2005.     

A numerical method for Cauchy principal value of singular integral under parametric transformation in BEM

A numerical method for the Cauchy principal value of the singular integral in BEM is developed using the concept of finite part integration under integral variable transformation. It is applied to the numerical integration on isoparametric element successfully, as shown in the examples in this paper.The project supported by National Natural Foundation of China.     

A method for measuring mode I crack tip constraint under static and dynamic loading conditions

A novel experimental technique for measuring crack tipT-stress, and hence in-plane crack tip constraint, in elastic materials has been developed. The method exploits optimal positioning of stacked strain gage rosette near a mode I crack tip such that the influence of dominant singular strains is negated in order to determineT-stress accurately. The method is demonstrated for quasi-static and low-velocity impact loading conditions and two values of crack length to plate width ratios (a/W). By coupling this new method with the Dally-Sanford single strain gage method for measuring the mode I stress intensity factorK _I , the crack tip biaxiality parameter is also measured experimentally. Complementary small strain, static and dynamic finite element simulations are carried out under plane stress conditions. Time histories ofK _I andT-stress are computed by regression analysis of the displacement and stress fields, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained from numerical simulations. Preliminary data for critical values ofK _I and β for dynamic experiments involving epoxy specimens are reported. Dynamic crack initiation toughness shows an increasing trend as β becomes more negative at higher impact velocities.     

致密砂岩巷道模型试件动态起裂及止裂全过程分析

为了开展在不同冲击载荷作用下巷道围岩内裂纹的起裂、扩展及止裂等问题,以可调速冲击试验机进行动态加载试验,采用致密青砂岩制作裂纹巷道模型试件,并利用裂纹扩展计分别记录了动态起裂、扩展、止裂等时刻,对裂纹扩展速度的变化规律进行分析;随后采用AUTODYN有限差分法软件进行相应的数值模拟,数值模拟得到的裂纹扩展路径与试验结果基本一致。经过两者对比分析可知:随着冲击载荷作用的增加,裂纹平均扩展速度逐渐增大,随后趋于稳定值;预制裂纹的起裂时间随着冲击速度载荷的增加而逐渐降低,并在稳定值上下波动;随着冲击速度载荷的增加,裂纹扩展路径过程中的止裂时段逐渐变短。     

围压与径向荷载共同作用下巴西盘裂纹应力强度因子的解析解

利用权函数法推导了围压和径向荷载共同作用下,考虑裂纹面摩擦的预制裂纹巴西盘应力强度因子计算公式,从理论上分析了围压、径向荷载和裂纹面摩擦对巴西盘应力强度因子的影响。结果表明,围压对I型应力强度因子有很大影响,I型应力强度因子随围压的增大而减小。当裂纹面闭合后围压和摩擦系数对II型应力强度因子同样具有显著影响,考虑裂纹面有效剪应力的权函数法理论解与有限元数值解相吻合,表明理论分析的正确性。