用于三维全电磁粒子模拟的电荷守恒共形发射技术北大核心CSCD

给出了满足电荷守恒的共形发射技术。首先阴极表面由三角网格共形描述,发射带电粒子时,根据电荷和电流线性分配方式和离散高斯定律,带电粒子的初始位置设置在与三角面元处于同一个网格元胞内,离三角面元最近且处于金属内部的网格点上。带电粒子的初始运动由两部分组成:一是由三角面上的法向场推进所产生的运动;二是使发射粒子在阴极面上分布呈随机性而设定的随机运动。运动产生的电流按照电荷守恒定律分配到离散网格中,并且由于粒子的初始位置设置在整网格点上,带电粒子的共形发射不会产生非物理的静电累加。最后通过同轴二极管模型来验证共形发射模型的正确性。     

共形单步交替方向隐式时域有限差分方法及其改进

提出了一种基于共形网格技术的共形单步交替方向隐式时域有限差分(CLeapfrog ADI-FDTD)方法。与常规FDTD方法相比,此方法能够减小由于目标边界不契合网格划分而引入的阶梯近似误差,提高算法计算不规则目标时的精度;同时算法稳定性更强,计算效率更高。由于引入共形技术后显著降低了原差分法的无条件稳定性,本文利用增长矩阵本征值方法理论分析了算法的稳定性,然后采用了一种改进的共形面积计算方法,在此基础上提出了一种稳定性更高的改进的共形单步交替方向隐式时域有限差分(ICLeapfrog ADI-FDTD)方法。数值算例验证了ICLeapfrog ADI-FDTD是一种具有高稳定性和高精度的高效算法。     

贴体坐标网格生成技术的研究

本文对数值求解微分方程法生成贴体坐标网格的技术进行了探讨和尝试。文中不仅对数值求解双调和方程的两种不同方法作了介绍,还利用该方程生成了典型的Ｈ型、Ｃ型、Ｏ型网格。结果表明,双调和方程法在控制网格线间距及与边界的正交性方面具有很强的能力,所生成的网格质量令人满意,且可用于复杂的物理区域。因而,采用双调和方程生成贴体坐标网格是流场数值模拟中一种有效的、高质量、具有广泛通用性的网格生成技术。     

二维圆柱坐标系中五角形共形网格算法

 时域有限差分（FDTD）算法求解电磁问题时，如果目标结构不能和传统网格体系共形，往往采用局部共形网格或非正交网格算法。详细讨论了二维圆柱坐标系中五角形共形网格算法，该算法能方便地对倾斜薄层媒质或电导率不均匀的倾斜媒质等复杂结构建模,并以锥形电磁脉冲天线为例，验证了该算法的有效性。     

任意形状金属腔体内电磁脉冲的三维计算

提出了模拟任意形状腔体中的内电磁脉冲的三维直角坐标系时域有限差分(FDTD)算法。该算法采用FDTD共形网格技术模拟任意形状腔体的边界,可以解决腔体内非对称的边界问题。推导了射线斜入射的差分方程,进行了三维数值计算,并采用直角坐标系FDTD算法和柱坐标系FDTD算法计算了射线斜入射圆柱腔体产生的内电磁脉冲,二者吻合很好,验证了直角坐标系FDTD算法正确性。     

基于Steiner点扰动和矢量边界推进技术的三维约束非结构网格生成方法

提出一种结合Steiner点扰动和矢量边界推进三角化技术的三维约束非结构四面体网格生成方法.在由物面节点生成的Delaunay网格基础上,利用Conforming方法恢复计算域形状,然后利用点扰动技术迫使所有Steiner点全部从约束边、面上转移,并利用矢量边界推进三角化方法重构约束面三角剖分,进而得到完全恢复所有约束条件的Constrained网格,并证明方法的收敛性和稳定性.     

三维非结构网格自动生成

采用各向异性平面非结构网格生成技术对曲面的参数平面进行三角剖分,从而得到曲面的非结构网格,作为三维非结构网格的边界网格.应用推进面法生成网格内点,增量法将生成的内点逐点插入现有网格进行网格细化,得到三维计算域的Delaunay非结构网格.讨论了非结构网格质量优化方法.给出几个算例说明方法的应用.     

镜头畸变及其校正技术

根据镜头畸变的数学模型,利用平面圆形网格模板的网格交点来求取镜头的径向、切向和薄棱镜畸变系数。利用网格交点及其附近的像素点信息,来拟合解析曲面并将所求曲面顶点坐标作为网格交点坐标,使像素位置坐标达到亚像素精度,事先求出镜头畸变系数,并在实际测量中对成像点加以校正的方法,可在不影响处理速度的前提下,提高了求解精度。     

非结构网格的生成及新型数据类型的应用

本文基于 Ｄｅｌａｕｎａｙ三角化方法及局部重组的阵面推进法，给出了任意形状平面区域的非结构化网格剖分方法。文中对加点方法及数据结构和存取模式进行了改进，同时应用链表结构、动态数组和派生类型的数据变量，对算法进行优化，节省了计算内存，提高了网格的生成效率。本文研究为特殊计算区域的三维非结构化网格的生成提供了基本方法。     

非结构混合网格上的NS方程求解方法

提出了一套较为通用的,完全自动化的非结构混合网格生成方法.在物面粘性作用区,采用一种改进的推进层方法生成三棱柱形和金字塔形网格;在其他流动区域采用阵面推进方法生成四面体网格.采用一种改进精度的格心有限体积法对三维NS方程进行了求解,在加速收敛措施方面,提出了一种新的当地时间步长取定方法来减小质量较差的网格单元对流场计算稳定性和收敛速度的不利影响.以M6机翼和DLR/F4翼身组合体外形的粘性流场作为数值算例,验证了上述网格生成和流场求解方法的正确性和实用性.     

用于全电磁粒子模拟的复杂建模及网格生成技术

 基于Open CASCADE开源的计算机辅助几何设计类库,给出了全电磁粒子模拟中复杂模型构建技术及网格生成技术。介绍了Open CASCADE软件的基本特点;给出了基于Open CASCADE进行自主研发的用于全电磁粒子模拟的复杂模型构建软件EasyEMModeling的设计思想、程序框架及已具备的功能;基于Open CASCADE中的射线与几何体的求交算法,给出了Yee网格中共形描述3维复杂模型的共形网格生成技术;最后,给出了验证实例,证实了共形网格生成方法的正确性及有效性。     

Electromagnetics via the Taylor-Galerkin Finite Element Method on Unstructured Grids

Traditional techniques for computing electromagnetic solutions in the time domain rely on finite differences. These so-called FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) methods are usually defined only on regular lattices of points and can be too restrictive for geometrically demanding problems. Great geometric flexibility can be achieved by abandoning the regular latticework of sample points and adopting an unstructured grid. An unstructured grid allows one to place the grid points anywhere one chooses, so that curved boundaries can be fit with ease and local regions in which the field gradients are steep can be selectively resolved with a fine mesh. In this paper we present a technique for solving Maxwell's equations on an unstructured grid based on the Taylor-Galerkin finite-element method. We present several numerical examples which reveal the fundamental accuracy and adaptability of the method. Although our examples are in two dimensions, the techniques and results generalize readily to 3D.     

A Locally Conformal Algorithm for Handling Curved Metallic Surfaces and Its Application

This paper describes a modified locally conformal algorithm for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Fields in the entire computational domain are computed by a regular FDTD algorithm except those near curved metallic surfaces, where special techniques proposed in this paper are applied. The computation efficiency of a regular FDTD method is maintained while a high space-resolution is obtained by this new algorithm. To validate the reliability of the algorithm, coaxial continuous transverse stub arrays at millimeter wave Ka-band and microwave X-band are tested, and the simulated results show good agreement with the experimental results from an HP-8510B Network Analyzer and the simulation results from software package HFSS.     

Locally conformal method for acoustic finite-difference time-domain modeling of rigid surfaces

The finite-difference time-domain method is a simple but powerful numerical method for simulating full-wave acoustic propagation and scattering. However, the method can demand a large amount of computational resources. Traditionally, continuously curved boundaries are represented in a stair-step fashion and thus accurately modeling scattering from a boundary will require a finer discretization than would otherwise be necessary for modeling propagation in a homogeneous medium. However, a fine discretization might not be practical due to limited computational resources. A locally conformal technique is presented here for modeling acoustic scattering from continuously curved rigid boundaries. This technique is low cost, simple to implement, and gives better results for the same grid discretization than the traditional stair-step representation. These improvements can be traded for a coarser discretization which reduces the computational burden. The improved accuracy of this technique is demonstrated for a spherical scatterer.     

多点择优推进阵面法生成曲面三角形网格

在现有曲面非结构网格生成法的基础上,提出了一种新的曲面网格生成法——多点择优推进阵面法.它可在曲面上直接进行三角形网格划分,克服了映射法的网格变形问题,并且可以在网格生成结束后,对曲面网格直接进行Laplace格点松弛光顺.该方法使用简单,不受曲面块类型的限制,且网格质量高,可以为三维非结构网格生成提供高质量的初始阵面,并给出了若干个算例.     

Uniform stable conformal convolutional perfectly matched layer for enlarged cell technique conformal finite-difference time-domain method

Based on conformal construction of physical model in a three-dimensional Cartesian grid,an integral-based conformal convolutional perfectly matched layer(CPML) is given for solving the truncation problem of the open port when the enlarged cell technique conformal finite-difference time-domain(ECT-CFDTD) method is used to simulate the wave propagation inside a perfect electric conductor(PEC) waveguide.The algorithm has the same numerical stability as the ECT-CFDTD method.For the long-time propagation problems of an evanescent wave in a waveguide,several numerical simulations are performed to analyze the reflection error by sweeping the constitutive parameters of the integral-based conformal CPML.Our numerical results show that the integral-based conformal CPML can be used to efficiently truncate the open port of the waveguide.     

共形整流罩像差特性分析及校正方法

共形结构不仅具有良好的空气动力学性能,且不存在由于表面不连续造成的热梯度等问题,因而采用该结构的导弹整流罩更有利于导弹系统作战性能的提高。但共形结构中采用的非球面罩曲面使整流罩表现出许多不同于球形结构的动态特性,这给导引头中光学系统的设计带来很多困难。在分析共形结构一阶特性的基础上,利用矢量像差理论详细分析该结构中初级像差产生的原因及特点,并提出通过控制元件的倾斜和偏心来平衡所有观察视场中像差的方法。软件分析结果表明：加入倾斜偏心元件后可适当放大小观察视场中的像差,共形整流罩在各观察视场中具有较为稳定的像差特性,有效地改善了该结构的成像质量。     

Finite-difference time-domain modeling of curved material interfaces by using boundary condition equations method

To deal with the staircase approximation problem in the standard finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) simulation,the two-dimensional boundary condition equations(BCE) method is proposed in this paper.In the BCE method,the standard FDTD algorithm can be used as usual,and the curved surface is treated by adding the boundary condition equations.Thus,while maintaining the simplicity and computational efficiency of the standard FDTD algorithm,the BCE method can solve the staircase approximation problem.The BCE method is validated by analyzing near field and far field scattering properties of the PEC and dielectric cylinders.The results show that the BCE method can maintain a second-order accuracy by eliminating the staircase approximation errors.Moreover,the results of the BCE method show good accuracy for cylinder scattering cases with different permittivities.