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在以二甲亚砜作溶剂,以D-72固体磺酸树脂为催化剂的两相体系中,实现了由环己酮肟液相贝克曼重排制备己内酰胺的反应.主要考察了环己酮肟在固体酸催化剂上的吸附热力学规律以及溶剂、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量以及催化剂的重复使用性等因素对重排反应的影响.结果表明,环己酮肟在磺酸树脂上的等温吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附模型,吸附等温线可用Langmuir等温方程和速率方程来描述.在二甲亚砜溶剂中,当反应温度在130℃,催化剂用量为0.5 g(催化剂:环己酮肟=1:2(质量比))的条件下反应6小时,环己酮肟的转化率高达100%,己内酰胺的选择性为86.2%,主要副产物为环己酮.该法对环境无害,反应条件温和,催化剂容易分离和可重复使用等优点. 相似文献
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乙酰丙酮氧钒催化氧化α-蒎烯一步转化成龙脑烯醛 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以乙酰丙酮氧钒为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂,研究了由α-蒎烯直接合成龙脑烯醛的反应。考察了溶剂、温度、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对催化性能的影响。结果表明,乙酰丙酮氧钒与H2O2反应得到的高价态V5+是优良的氧化还原-Lewis酸双功能催化剂,易使α-蒎烯经氧化、2,3-环氧蒎烷异构得到龙脑烯醛。在n(H2O2):n(α-蒎烯):n(乙酰丙酮氧钒)=2.5:1:0.01、反应温度为20℃、丙酮为溶剂、反应2h条件下,α-蒎烯转化率为50.2%,龙脑烯醛的选择性达58.7%,反应6h后α-蒎烯转化率可达73.0%,主要产物龙脑烯醛和马鞭草烯酮的选择性分别为47.2%和13.2%。 相似文献
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以三种类型的强酸性阳离子交换树脂(聚苯乙烯磺酸树脂、酚醛磺酸树脂和全氟磺酸树脂)为催化剂进行环十二碳-烯的普林斯反应,合成了14-氧杂二环[10,3,0]十五碳烯-2.考察了该三种树脂的催化性能,并与苯磺酸和对甲苯磺酸的催化性能作了比较.考察了孔径、粒度及反应条件(温度、时间、催化剂用量等)对聚苯乙烯磺酸树脂催化性能的影响.实验结果表明:全氟磺酸树脂和交联大孔聚苯乙烯磺酸树脂(交联度10%,孔径3.9×102Å,比表面积20m2/g)具有良好的催化性能. 相似文献
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Reaction of camphor with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid affords the nitrogen insertion product α-camphidone by migration of the methylene group rather than the bridgehead. Since Beckmann rearrangements of trigonal oximes afford bridgehead cleavage products with camphor, an alternative synchronous rearrangement of a tetrahedral intermediate is proposed for this Beckmann-like reaction. 相似文献
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Mathilde Lachia François Richard Raphael Bigler Amandine Kolleth-Krieger Michael Dieckmann Alexandre Lumbroso Ulfet Karadeniz Saron Catak Alain De Mesmaeker 《Tetrahedron letters》2018,59(20):1896-1901
γ-Lactams are important building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active molecules and can easily be accessed via Beckmann rearrangement of cyclobutanones. However, Beckmann fragmentation is often a competing reaction for these strained ketones. We found that performing the Beckmann rearrangement with Tamura’s reagent in the presence of aqueous HCl suppresses the undesired fragmentation reaction. This improved procedure was applied to a broad scope of substrates affording monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or spirocyclic lactams.Our experimental results and DFT calculations suggest that the mechanism of the rearrangement probably involves a tetrahedral intermediate and doesn’t proceed via oxime fragmentation as in a classical Beckmann rearrangement. 相似文献
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In aqueous dioxane the p-toluenesulfonate 11B of 1β-dimethylamino-5-oximino-trans-decalin (11a) undergoes almost quantitative Beckmann rearrangement to the lactam 23. Approx. 1%, only, of the product of so-called 7-centre fragmentation, i.e. trans-9-cyano-non-5-enal (14) is detectable. Furthermore, the picryl ether 11C of the oxime 11a reacts at a normal rate. The results confirm the conclusion reached earlier, namely that fragmentation cannot compete with the Beckmann rearrangement in the case of γ-amino ketoximes, in contrast to the behaviour of α-amino ketoximes. 相似文献
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The triethylborane-induced solid-phase radical reaction was studied. The solid-phase radical reaction of oxime ether anchored to Wang resin proceeded smoothly to give the α-amino acid derivatives. The carbon-carbon bond-forming radical reaction of TentaGel OH resin-bound glyoxylic oxime ether proceeded even in aqueous media. 相似文献
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A variety of ketones can be directly converted into the secondary amides expected from a Beckmann rearrangement of the corresponding oximes in high yield, by heating them with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and anhydrous oxalic acid at ∼100°C for 4-12 h. (Aromatic aldehydes afforded mixtures of nitrile and amide.) The transformation is apparently (kinetically) driven by the coupled decomposition of oxalic acid (to CO+CO2) via the fragmentation of an intermediate oxime mono-oxalate. However, an alternative pathway, mechanistically analogous to the Schmidt reaction, is not only equally likely but may well be general for the Beckmann rearrangement. 相似文献
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Hiroshi Ichihashi Masaya Ishida Akinobu Shiga Masaru Kitamura Tatsuya Suzuki Katsuhiro Suenobu Keisuke Sugita 《Catalysis Surveys from Asia》2003,7(4):261-270
Recently, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. developed the vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement process for the production of -caprolactam. In the process, cyclohexanone oxime is rearranged into -caprolactam using a zeolite as a catalyst instead of sulfuric acid. EniChem in Italy developed the ammoximation process that involves the direct production of cyclohexanone oxime without producing any ammonium sulfate. Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. has commercialized the combined process of vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement and ammoximation in 2003.In this paper, the authors focus on some aspects of the vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement catalysis. A solid catalyst that is mainly composed of a high-silica MFI zeolite (Silicalite-1) has been developed for the vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement. This catalyst does not possess acidity that can be detected by ammonia TPD. Methanol fed into the reactor with cyclohexanone oxime improves the yield of caprolactam. Methanol reacts with terminal silanols on the zeolite surface and converts them to methoxyl groups. The modification of the catalyst by methanol has an important role for the Beckmann rearrangement reaction.Nest silanols located just inside the pore mouth of the MFI zeolite are supposed to be the active sites of the catalyst. We propose that the coordination between the NOH group of cyclohexanone oxime molecule and the nest silanols through hydrogen bonding is responsible for the reaction. The reaction mechanism of Beckmann rearrangement under vapor-phase conditions is the same as in the liquid phase, namely, the alkyl group in anti-position against the hydroxyl group of the oxime migrates to the nitrogen atom's position. 相似文献
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A heterolytic 7-centre fragmentation reaction of the type a-b-c-d-e-f-X → a b + c = d + e = f + X has been demonstrated for the first time utilizing γ-keto-ketoximes. This system may also undergo a novel 5-centre fragmentation. With sodium hydroxide in aqueous ethanol and with sodium ethoxide in ethanol the p-toluene-sulfonate of 1-oxo-9-methyl-5-oximino-trans-decalin (7b) is converted quantitatively into 9-cyano-6-methyl-non-5-enoic acid (10b) and the corresponding ethyl ester, respectively. With lower concentrations of nucleophile normal Beckmann rearrangement to the lactam 13a and the lactimether 19b predominates. In the case of the p-toluenesulfonate of the 9-nor-derivative 7a a base-induced 5-centre fragmentation reaction to the α,β-unsaturated ketone 12 competes with 7-centre fragmentation to 9-cyano-non-5-enoic acid (10a), strong bases favouring the former reaction. In the absence of strong bases of nucleophiles Beckmann rearrangement again dominates. 相似文献
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The Beckmann rearrangement of oxime sulfonates by Grignard reagents provides an efficient and general entry to α-alkyl- and α,α-dialkylamines in good yields. 相似文献
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Ricardo José Alves Joaquin Isac Garcia Alain Olesker Gabor Lukacs 《Journal of carbohydrate chemistry》2013,32(3):655-659
Abstract Using well-established methodology, D-glucose was transformed into a tribenzoyloxy cyclohexanone oxime derivative. Sodium azide treatment permitted the regiospecific exchange of the benzoyloxy group at a α-position relative to ketone oxime. Under standard Beckmann conditions the α-azido was oxime cleaved to provide an ω-dicyano compound. 相似文献
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The reactions of oximes to amides, known as the Beckmann rearrangement, may undergo fragmentation to form carbocations + nitriles when the migrating groups have reasonable stability as cations. The reactions of oxime sulfonates of 1-substituted-phenyl-2-propanone derivatives (7-X) and related substrates (8-X, 9a-X) in aqueous CH(3)CN gave both rearrangement products (amides) and fragmentation products (alcohols), the ratio of which depends on the system; the reactions of 7-X gave amides predominantly, whereas 9a-X yielded alcohols as the major product. The logk-logk plots between the systems gave excellent linear correlations with slopes of near unity. The results support the occurrence of path bifurcation after the rate-determining TS of the Beckmann rearrangement/fragmentation reaction, which has previously been proposed on the basis of molecular dynamics simulations. It was concluded that path-bifurcation phenomenon could be more common than thought and that a reactivity-selectivity argument based on the traditional TS theory may not always be applicable even to a well-known textbook organic reaction. 相似文献