Relation between characteristic adsorption energy and internal pressure in the theory of volume filling of micropores

An equation for the internal pressure acting on an adsorbate in micropores was obtained on the basis of the assumption that the chemical potential of an adsorbate in micropores is equal to that in an equilibrium gas phase and using the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation. The empirical relation between the characteristic adsorption energy and the half width of pores was expressed in terms of internal pressure and diameter of adsorbate molecules. The two-dimensional pressure was calculated for micropores with plane-parallel walls, where the width of a micropore coincides with the diameter of an adsorbate molecule. The results obtained were compared with the two-dimensional pressure of a monolayer on a free planar surface for an adsorbate and adsorbent of the same nature.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1928–1930, October, 1995.     

An attempt to describe the plastification of polyvinylchloride in terms of the theory of volume filling of micropores

The significant phenomenological analogy between physical adsorption from liquid solutions on microporous adsorbents and plastification of PVC has been observed. This justified the use of the solution analog of the adsorption isotherm equations of the theory of volume filling of micropores as being adequate to describe the process of plastification of PVC by the composition of plasticizer and modifying agent. The qualitative agreement between isotherm predicted by model and experimental data allowed to formulate the mechanism of the process of interest.     

活性炭的改性研究及对四环素的吸附

研究了改性对活性炭的物理化学性质及其对四环素吸附性能的影响。结果发现,硝酸氧化改性可增加活性炭表面的酸性基团,提高比表面亲水性,降低pHPZC值,同时也改变了活性炭的表面微观形貌。低温、低浓度硝酸氧化改性,增加了活性炭的比表面积,对四环素的吸附以物理吸附为主。高温氧化改性使得比表面积降低,酸性基团增加,且吸附容量与活性炭比表面积、表面总酸度呈一定的线性关系。     

The volume of micropores and the Dubinin—Radushkevich equation

The substantiation and the area of applicability of the Dubinin—Radushkevich equation for determination of the micropore volume in microporous systems from experimental data on adsorption isotherms were examined. It was shown that the micropore volumes found using the standard procedure are overestimated. A more accurate method for determining the mircopore volumes based on the pressure of filling of micropores was proposed. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 659–664, April, 1998.     

Hydrogen adsorption on model adsorbents from the viewpoint of the theory of volumetric filling of micropores

Hydrogen adsorption on model microporous adsorbents with slit-shaped pores was calculated on the basis of Dubinin’s theory of volumetric filling of micropores using the property of linearity of adsorption isosters. Model adsorbents with micropore widths of 0.5, 0.9, and 1.2 nm obtained by the successive exclusion of one, two, and three layers of hexagonal carbon in the crystalline lattice of graphite were used. Hydrogen adsorption was calculated in the structures with single-layer and two-layer carbon walls at temperatures 20, 33, 77, 200, 300, and 400 K and pressures up to 20 MPa. The maximal hydrogen desorption for the AU structure (1:3) with the pressure drop from 20 to 0.1 MPa was 8 wt.% at 200K. The parameters of the porous adsorbent structure were calculated.     

Nonideality of binary mixtures in the adsorbent micropores

Analysis of a binary equilibrium in a distinct micropore showed that the noouniformity of the adsorption field results in a negative deviation of the adsorption solution from ideal behavior. This deviation is due to a decrease in the entropy and internal energy caused by rearrangement of adsorbed molecules. Different interactions between identical and different molecules in distinct micropores also result in a negative deviation from ideal behavior. A criterion was formulated that allows one to elucidate how the deviation from ideality depends on the nonuniformity of the adsorption space and the character of the interaction between molecules in a micropore. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No.6, pp. 1011–1017, June, 2000.     

Mesoporous Carbons of Well-Organized Structure in the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Mesoporous carbons with differentiated properties were synthesized by using the method of impregnation of mesoporous well-organized silicas. The obtained carbonaceous materials and microporous activated carbon were investigated by applying different methods in order to determine their structural, surface and adsorption properties towards selected dyes from aqueous solutions. In order to verify applicability of adsorbents for removing dyes the equilibrium and kinetic experimental data were measured and analyzed by applying various equations and models. The structural and acid-base properties of the investigated carbons were evaluated by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) technique, adsorption/desorption of nitrogen, potentiometric titration, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results of these techniques are complementary, indicating the type of porosity and structural ordering, e.g., the pore sizes determined from the SAXS data are in good agreement with those obtained from nitrogen sorption data. The SAXS and TEM data confirm the regularity of mesoporous carbon structure. The adsorption experiment, especially kinetic measurements, reveals the utility of mesoporous carbons in dye removing, taking into account not only the adsorption uptake but also the adsorption rate.     

一种规整单壁碳纳米笼的合成与改性及其对水体结晶紫分子的吸附性能

运用催化气相沉积法及继之的纯化处理,获得了具有规整外型、中空及密集阵列的单壁三维结构碳纳米笼（carbon nanocages,CNCs）。尝试将其用于水体阳离子染料结晶紫（crystal violet,CV）的吸附去除,实验条件下其上CV的饱和吸附容量可达542.6 mg·g^-1。进一步以十二烷基苯磺酸钠（sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS）对制得的CNCs表面进行亲水性改性,观察到了改性CNCs对CV吸附性能的明显提升,相同条件下其上CV的饱和吸附容量显著提升至748.5 mg·g^-1。运用多种表征及测定,探明改性前后CNCs的组成和结构,并尝试与其吸附性能关联,在此基础上探明改性及促进机制,为进一步研发具有实用意义的污水处理技术提供有益参考。     

一种规整单壁碳纳米笼的合成与改性及其对水体结晶紫分子的吸附性能

运用催化气相沉积法及继之的纯化处理,获得了具有规整外型、中空及密集阵列的单壁三维结构碳纳米笼(carbon nanocages,CNCs)。尝试将其用于水体阳离子染料结晶紫(crystal violet,CV)的吸附去除,实验条件下其上CV的饱和吸附容量可达542.6 mg·g~(-1)。进一步以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS)对制得的CNCs表面进行亲水性改性,观察到了改性CNCs对CV吸附性能的明显提升,相同条件下其上CV的饱和吸附容量显著提升至748.5 mg·g~(-1)。运用多种表征及测定,探明改性前后CNCs的组成和结构,并尝试与其吸附性能关联,在此基础上探明改性及促进机制,为进一步研发具有实用意义的污水处理技术提供有益参考。     

Estimation of adsorption of ethane on the superactive microporous carbon adsorbent using the theory of volume filling of micropores

Russian Chemical Bulletin - Using the main statements of the Dubinin theory of volume filling of micropores (TVFM) the amount of adsorbed ethane was estimated at pressures up to 4 MPa in the...     

Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Activated Carbon

The adsorption of CO2 on a raw activated carbon A and three modified activated carbon samples B, C, and D at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333 K and the thermodynamics of adsorption have been investigated using a vacuum adsorption apparatus in order to obtain more information about the effect of CO2 on removal of organic sulfur-containing compounds in industrial gases. The active ingredients impregnated in the carbon samples show significant influence on the adsorption for CO2 and its volumes adsorbed on modified carbon samples B, C, and D are all larger than that on the raw carbon sample A. On the other hand, the physical parameters such as surface area, pore volume, and micropore volume of carbon samples show no influence on the adsorbed amount of CO2. The Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equation was the best model for fitting the adsorption data on carbon samples A and B, while the Preundlich equation was the best fit for the adsorption on carbon samples C and D. The isosteric heats of adsorption on carbon samples A, B, C, and D derived from the adsorption isotherms using the Clapeyron equation decreased slightly increasing surface loading. The heat of adsorption lay between 10.5 and 28.4 kJ/mol, with the carbon sample D having the highest value at all surface coverages that were studied. The observed entropy change associated with the adsorption for the carbon samples A, B, and C (above the surface coverage of 7 ml/g) was lower than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption. However, it was higher than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption but lower than the theoretical value for localized adsorption for carbon sample D.     

Effects of micropore size and chemical nature of the surface of carbon adsorbents on the adsorption isotherms of water vapor

Adsorption of benzene and water vapors on activated carbons of various microporous structure was studied. The values of the characteristic energy of adsorption of benzene and water vapors were compared and the affinity coefficients β_H2O for carbons with various degrees of activation were calculated. The values of the β_H2O coefficient for carbons with the same degrees of oxidation remain constant. This makes it possible to use the experimental data on benzene adsorption for prediction of the behavior of microporous activated carbons towards adsorption of water vapor. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2636–2639, December, 2005.     

A Study of the Influence of Hydrophobicity of Activated Carbon on the Adsorption Equilibrium of Aromatics in Non-Aqueous Media

The effect of hydrophobicity on the adsorption of aromatics on metal-free activated carbons was studied. Adsorption isotherms for phenol, aniline, benzene, and xylene were generated in cyclohexane and heptane media, using seven carbons with different surface heterogeneity. The hydrophobicity of these carbons was probed using flow microcalorimetry (FMC). Surface polarity and solvent and adsorbate hydrophobicity were found to influence the adsorption capacity. For adsorbates that do not form hydrogen bonds with oxygen on the carbon surface, higher surface acidity lowers adsorption capacity due to increased polarity. In contrast, for adsorbates that can form hydrogen bonds with surface oxygen, the capacity is enhanced at higher surface acidities. A higher solvent hydrophobicity was found to decrease capacity for all the aromatic adsorbates studied, except at high surface polarity, where the effect of the solvent was found to be minimal.     

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Effect of Moisture on Methane Adsorption and Desorption by Activated Carbon at 273.5 K

Adsorption and desorption of methane by activated carbon (AC) at constant temperature and at various pressures were investigated. The effect of moisture was also studied. A volumetric method was used, up to 40 bar, at a temperature of 273.5 K. Results of a dry AC sample were compared with those obtained from a moist sample and two different ACs with different physical and surface properties were used. As expected, the results showed that the existence of moisture, trapped in the AC pores, could lead to a decrease in the amount of methane adsorbed and a decrease in the amount of methane delivered during desorption. To model the experimental results, a large variety of adsorption isotherms were used. The regressed parameters for the adsorption isotherms were obtained using the experimental data generated in the present study. The accuracy of the results obtained from the different adsorption isotherms was favorably compared.     

Energetics of methane adsorption on microporous activated carbons

The influence of microporous carbon surface oxidation on energetics of methane adsorption at 308 K is discussed. Obtained adsorption heats and integral molar entropies of the adsorbate show that microporous carbon surface oxidation changes the methane adsorption process. This is probably resulted by the existence of an endothermic effect during adsorption in oxidized carbon micropores.