氯化亚铁催化制备硼碳氮纳米管

采用固相反应法,以无定型硼粉为原料,氯化亚铁为催化剂,在无水乙醇和氨气气氛中高温热处理3 h成功制得大量竹节状的三元硼碳氮(BCN)纳米管.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等手段对所得纳米管进行了表征.结果显示,纳米管的直径在60~90 nm之间,纳米管由B、C、N三种元素组成,其原子比为9.77∶1∶8.65.纳米管的生长机理属于气-液-固(VLS)机制.同时初步探讨了反应温度对纳米管的影响.     

氮化硼纳米管的高效制备及其表征

本文以B粉、NH3为主要原料,以Fe2O3、CaO为催化剂高效制备了氮化硼纳米管(BNNTs).研究了合成温度,催化剂,合成气氛以及催化剂预处理对氮化硼纳米管形貌、结构以及产率的影响;采用X射线衍射仪,扫描电镜,透射电镜,拉曼光谱仪等手段对制备的氮化硼纳米管进行了表征.结果表明,合成的纳米管管径在50～300 nm之间,长度可达百微米,管身均匀平滑;本方法工艺简单,成本低,合成温度低,氮化硼纳米管产率可以达到85;以上,纯度大于90;,且显微结构可控.氮化硼纳米管的生长机理为典型的VLS.     

含反位缺陷碳化硅纳米管的电子结构和光学性质

基于第一性原理计算,对含有SiC反位缺陷或CSi反位缺陷碳化硅纳米管的电子结构和光学性质进行了研究.SiC缺陷在纳米管的表面形成了凸起,CSi缺陷在纳米管的表面形成了凹陷;这两种缺陷都导致在纳米管的导带底附近形成了缺陷能级,使得纳米管表现出n型电导;导带顶到杂质能级间的跃迁使得纳米管的光学带隙呈现了减小的趋势.这些结果对碳化硅纳米管电子器件和光学器件的研究都有较重要的参考价值.     

热压烧结制备AlN/BN复相陶瓷及其性能研究

以氮化铝(AlN)粉和高活性六方氮化硼(h-BN)粉为原料,不添加烧结助剂,采用热压烧结法制备了AlN/BN(20vol;)复相陶瓷.研究了烧结温度(1750～1900℃)对复相陶瓷相对密度、物相组成、显微结构、力学性能、热导率及介电性能的影响.结果表明,在1850℃以上可以制备出相对密度大于98.6;的致密AlN/BN复相陶瓷.试样显微结构均匀,晶粒细小,晶界干净,无明显杂质相,h-BN未形成明显的卡片房式结构.随着烧结温度的提高,试样的相对密度、力学性能、热导率及介电性能(1 MHz)均显著提高.1900℃烧结的试样性能最优,相对密度99.3;,抗弯强度482±42 MPa、断裂韧性4.4±0.4 MPa·m1/2、维氏硬度8.56±0.33GPa、热导率47.2 W·m-1·K-1、介电常数7.64,介电损耗4.62×10-4.     

搅拌-超声氧化锆纳米管脱色降解甲基橙的研究

采用阳极氧化法在有机溶液中制备氧化锆纳米管,以搅拌-超声方法研究其对甲基橙的脱色降解性能.实验采用不同pH值的甲基橙溶液,发现氧化锆纳米管对较强酸性的甲基橙溶液有较理想的脱色降解效果.对比氧化锆粉体、纳米管未退火、退火后(600℃)三种材料,退火后的氧化锆纳米管的脱色降解性能整体最佳.XRD测试显示退火后氧化锆纳米管阵列呈现单斜和四方相的混合体.通过FTIR测试脱色降解后的氧化锆纳米管阵列,显示材料中已经不存在甲基橙分子结构,对比研究发现醌式结构和偶氮式两种结构下脱色降解机理相同.     

阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管及其电池性能研究

采用阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管,并将所制备的TiO2纳米管用作染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极.研究了氧化时间,电解质浓度,水含量和表面处理对纳米管及电池性能的影响.结果表明:随氧化时间的增加,纳米管的长度和直径增加.氧化时间为7h时,纳米管的长度和直径分别为550 nm和40nm,当氧化时间为50h,纳米管的长度和直径分别为2.41μm和70肿.电解质NH4F浓度从0.25wt;,0.5wt;增加到1wt;时,纳米管的长度先增后降,直径基本不变,当NH4F浓度为1wt;时,其长度为1.50μm,直径50nm左右,并且纳米管表面部分被腐蚀.水含量为0时纳米管长度1.60μm,直径25nm;当含水1;时纳米管长度1.90 μm,直径50nm;但水含量增加到3;时,其长度却降至973 nm,直径50nm.用长和直径分别为2.60μm和70nm纳米管制备成染料敏化太阳能电池,其光电转化效率为2.45;.     

拉伸变形对硅纳米管电子结构和光学性能的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的CASTEP程序,对单壁手扶椅型(6,6)硅纳米管施加不同程度的拉伸变形,研究其电子结构和光学性质.研究发现,拉伸变形使得硅纳米管的Si-Si键长增加,布居数减小,稳定性降低.拉伸变形过程中,导带底的电子明显向低能区偏移,而价带顶的电子向高能区移动,从而能隙宽度减小.同时,由于共价键对价带电子的束缚度降低,价电子更容易受激发向导带跃迁.拉伸变形能够增大硅纳米管的静态介电常数和实数部的吸收宽度,并使介电函数虚数部在低能区发生红移,从而硅纳米管的能隙宽度减小.在近紫外光波段,红外和可见光波段硅纳米管的发光效率随拉伸变形量的增加而提高.研究结果为硅纳米管在光电器件的应用提供理论基础.     

水基流延成型和热压烧结制备碳化硼陶瓷及性能研究

以工业碳化硼粉末为原料、采用Si3N4磨球磨损法引入Si3N4烧结助剂,采用水基流延成型和热压烧结方法制备了碳化硼陶瓷.研究了氧含量、分散剂、pH值等因素对B4C陶瓷浆料分散性能的影响,采用XRD、SEM等对碳化硼陶瓷的物相、显微结构和第二相分布进行了表征,并测试了样品的维氏硬度、断裂韧性、抗弯强度和弹性模量.结果表明:经醇洗后的碳化硼粉末中氧化硼含量降低,有利于B4C陶瓷浆料的分散稳定.采用球磨磨损引入了Si3N4粉,在B4C基体中通过原位反应形成第二相SiC和BN,SiC和BN第二相颗粒在B4C基体中弥散分布均匀.在2100 ℃热压烧结样品的维氏硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和弹性模量分别达到30.2 GPa、596.5 MPa、3.36 MPa·m1/2和362.3 GPa.     

立方氮化硼生长界面形貌及相结构表征

采用Li3N和hBN为原料,在静态高温高压条件下合成出大颗粒cBN单晶.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对合成块断面、大颗粒cBN单晶形貌及其周围物相进行了表征.结果表明:在大颗粒cBN单晶周围主要存在hBN、cBN及Li3BN2等物相.HRTEM在大颗粒单晶周围发现了纳米尺寸的cBN微颗粒,并发现该微颗粒处在Li3BN2物相包裹中.由此可以推测,高温高压状态下,hBN与Li3N发生共熔反应生成Li3BN2,而Li3BN2作为触媒中间相促使cBN的形成.同时结合SEM结果分析表明,一旦cBN微颗粒形成,在随后的生长过程中,cBN在Li3BN2熔体中以扩散的方式进行台阶生长,从而形成宏观可见的cBN单晶.     

室温下金刚石薄膜上沉积立方氮化硼薄膜的研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术分别在纳米与微米金刚石薄膜上制备立方氮化硼(c- BN)薄膜.金刚石薄膜由拉曼光谱(Raman)及原子力显微镜(AFM)进行表征.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究了不同沉积温度对c- BN薄膜生长的影响,结果表明在金刚石薄膜上生长c- BN不存在温度阈值,室温下生长的c- BN含量可达70;以上.当沉积温度由室温向上升高时,对于纳米金刚石薄膜衬底上生长的BN薄膜而言,其中的立方相含量反而逐渐降低.此外,随着沉积温度的降低,c- BN对应的峰位向低波数方向偏移的现象表明低温下生长的c- BN薄膜内应力较小.文中探讨了产生此现象的原因.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.