药对青蒿-桂枝中挥发油成分的GC-MS分析与化学计量学解析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从青蒿、桂枝及其药对中提取挥发油成分,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术进行分离检测,通过化学计量学解析法(CRM)对重叠色谱峰解析,并结合程序升温保留指数辅助定性.从药对及其单味药青蒿、桂枝中分别鉴定出69、66、68种挥发油;组成药对后,单味药成分减少,新成分增加,药对与单味药挥发油共存17种组分,它们是cis-细辛醚、丁子香烯、丁子香烯环氧化物等成分,占药对挥发油总含量的35.82%;而药对中挥发油的主要成分是(E)-桂皮醛(18.32%)和cis-细辛醚(10.20%)等,其含量并非单味药含量的简单相加,相关作用机理有待进一步研究.     

气相色谱/质谱-化学计量学法分析测定药对桃仁-红花挥发油

药对是中药配伍中最基本、最常用的形式,具有中药配伍的基本特点。药对化学是复方化学的核心内容。联用色谱和化学计量学方法是分析中药复方复杂体系的有效工具。采用GC/MS法分离测定了药对桃仁-红花、单味药桃仁和红花的挥发油成分,并对其重叠色谱峰采用化学计量学解析法进行了分辨,得到药对和各单味药的纯色谱曲线和质谱。药对桃仁-红花、单味药桃仁和红花分辨出的色谱峰,通过质谱库对其进行定性,分别得到84、27和52个定性结果,占总含量的92.06%、89.43%和94%。实验结果表明:桃仁-红花挥发油成分与单味药桃仁和红花的存在较大差别,也不是两者挥发油成分之加和。     

化学计量学方法在脂质组学数据解析中的应用

脂质组学是依赖于分析技术而发展的一门新兴学科,用于全面表征与基因调控、蛋白表达、脂质代谢密切相关的脂质分子,揭示脂质在各种生命活动中的作用机制和代谢途径网络。随着质谱及其联用技术进一步发展和完善,脂质组学逐渐向快速、自动化和高通量的方向发展,而大规模的脂质组数据分析已成为脂质组学研究领域的一大难点。化学计量学主要应用于脂质组学中的基线校正和背景扣除、信号峰识别、同位素分布解析、统计分析等过程,因此,基于化学计量学方法的脂质组学数据自动化解析策略成为研究者关心的热点。该文对近年来化学计量学在脂质组学数据解析中的应用进行了综述,并对基于化学计量学的脂质组学数据解析的未来发展进行了展望。     

HS-SPME/GC-MS结合化学计量学分析不同产地路路通中的挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱技术(HS-SPME/GC-MS)分析了不同产地路路通中的挥发性成分,采用正交试验设计优化了影响顶空固相微萃取技术的各项因素,以主成分分析、聚类分析两种化学计量学方法分析评价了8个产地路路通的挥发性成分。优化实验结果为1 g样品量在80℃下提取40 min,解析1 min。8个产地的路路通共鉴定出48种挥发性组分,不同产地的化学成分大致相同,含量差异较大。两种统计分析方法均表明,湖南、江苏、四川、辽宁4个产地的路路通挥发性成分比较相似,贵州、广西、安徽、河北4个产地的路路通比较接近。主成分分析结果表明,氧化石竹烯、δ-杜松烯、橙花叔醇可作为区分两大类路路通的代表性化合物。HS-SPME/GC-MS结合化学计量学方法可以有效地对不同产地的路路通进行质量评价,从而为中药路路通的药物开发和科学栽培管理提供重要参考。     

自制氢化松香主要化学组成的GC-MS法测定

利用自行改进的DEAE－Sephadex离子交换色谱从以玉米松香为原料制备的氢化松香中分离出主要化学组成部分－酸性部分，然后采用DB－5毛细管柱和GC－MS技术对酸性部分进行定性和相对含量测定；共鉴定出6种二氢枞酸型树脂酸，4种二氢海松酸／异海松酸型树脂酸，1种四氢枞酸型树脂酸，2种四氢海松酸／异海松酸型树脂酸；其主要成分为13－二氢枞酸、8－二氢枞酸、13β－7－二氢枞酸、8α，13β－四氢枞酸及8（14）－二氢海松酸等。     

中药药对的化学成分研究川芎-赤芍挥发油的GC/MS分析

中药药对是复方的最小组成单位,具有中药配伍的基本特点. 药对化学是复方化学的核心内容. 联用色谱和化学计量学方法为中药复杂体系的分离与分辨提供了强有力的工具. 采用GC-MS法分离测定中药药对川芎-赤芍、 单味药川芎和赤芍的挥发油成分,并对其中的重叠色谱峰采用化学计量学解析方法(CRM)进行分辨,得到药对和各单味药的纯色谱曲线和质谱图,药对川芎-赤芍、 单味药川芎和赤芍分别分辨出82,78和57个色谱峰,通过质谱库对分辨的纯组分进行定性,分别得到61,52和33个定性结果,占总含量的90.18%,95.14%和95.82%.     

基于GC-MS和计算机智能系统的烟草香精剖析及复配方法初探

通过GC-MS分析方法以及基于化学计量学建立的"烟用香精香料智能辅助调香系统"对复杂烟用香精进行定性定量解析,确定了香精的化学组成,并结合调香经验知识复配香精。从化学组成及气味特征两个方面对复配香精进行考察,结果表明,复配香精与原香精的色谱指纹图谱相似度达到97.8%,经专业调香小组品析,其气味特征与原香精基本一致。该工作综合仪器分析手段、化学计量学方法以及调香经验知识,为烟草香精的剖析和复配研究提供了一种思路。     

GC-MS法测定氧化型染发剂中的苯二胺

建立了气相色谱-质谱同时测定氧化型染发剂中邻苯二胺、间苯二胺和对苯二胺的方法。以乙酸乙酯提取氧化型染发剂中苯二胺,用气相色谱-质谱方法进行定性和定量分析。该方法对氧化型染发剂中的3种苯二胺的检出限为20 mg/kg,线性范围为0.2~10 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 2~0.999 9。方法的回收率为75%~110%,满足氧化型染发剂中3种苯二胺检测的需要。     

GC-MS法测定水中一氯苯的研究

建立了以气相色谱-质谱联用法测定水中一氯苯的方法。用正己烷萃取水中的一氯苯,采用了气-质联用仪中选择离子(SIM)模式进行监测,提取目标化合物的特征离子进行定量。此方法灵敏度高,测定水中一氯苯的最低检出浓度为0.00006 mg/L;准确度高,样品加标回收率在87.0%~97.0%之间;重现性好,平行6次进行精密度实验,相对标准偏差低于4.2%。该方法具有预处理简便,分析速度快,干扰少等优点,适合各种水中一氯苯的测定。     

GC-MS法测定发酵食品中氨基甲酸乙酯的含量

建立了发酵食品中氨基甲酸乙酯的GC-MS测定方法.样品经饱和NaCl溶液溶解,超声提取,提取液经硅藻土固相萃取小柱净化,二氯甲烷洗脱,以氨基甲酸丁酯作为内标物,使用GC-MS联用仪选择离子监测模式对其定性定量测量.氨基甲酸乙酯在21 ～ 846ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9999.最低检出限为5.0n...     

Determination of the volatile chemical constituents of Notoptergium incium by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and iterative or non-iterative chemometrics resolution methods

The qualitative and quantitative determination of the chemical constitutes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important task, which builds the foundation of the theory of pharmacological activity. The hyphenated chromatography instruments combined with the related chemometric methods provide powerful tools for the resolution of such complex systems. The familiar chemometrics methods can be roughly divided into two different kinds, the iterative one such as orthogonal projection approach (OPA) and non-iterative one representing by evolving window orthogonal projection (EWOP). One can use different kinds of methods according to overlapping condition, and then the measured data matrix can be resolved into pure concentration profiles and mass spectra of the chemical components with relative high efficiency and acceptable accuracy. One kind of TCM, named Notoptergium incium (NI) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and resolved by above chemometric approach. Experiment results show the efficiency and convenience of the proposed approach. 65 of the 98 separated constituents in essential oil, accounting for 92.13%, were identified by mass spectroscopy (MS).     

CO2超临界提取和水蒸汽蒸馏提取桂皮中化学成分的分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对桂皮的CO2超临界提取物和水蒸汽蒸馏提取物进行了分析.分别分离出了36个峰和32个峰,用峰面积归一化法定量测定了组分的相对含量并进行了对比,其CO2超临界提取物较水蒸汽蒸馏法提取物多4个峰,其含量也有一定的差别.比较了两种提取方法的差异.     

Fingerprint developing of coffee flavor by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and combined chemometrics methods

In this paper, chromatographic fingerprint was firstly used for quality control of tobacco flavors. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and combined chemometrics methods, a simple, reliable and reproducible method for developing chromatographic fingerprint of coffee flavor, one of tobacco flavors, was described. Six coffee flavor samples obtained from different locations were used to establish the fingerprint. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of coffee flavor sample from Shenzhen was completed with the help of subwindow factor analysis (SFA). Fifty-two components of 68 separated constituents in coffee flavor sample from Shenzhen, accounting for 88.42% of the total content, were identified and quantified. Then, spectral correlative chromatography (SCC) was used to extract the common peaks from other five studied coffee flavor samples. Thirty-eight components were found to exist in all six samples. Finally, the method validation of fingerprint analysis was performed based on the relative retention time and the relative peak area of common peaks, sample stability and similarity analysis. The similarities of six coffee flavor samples were more than 0.9104 and showed that samples from different locations were consistent to some extent. The developed chromatographic fingerprint was successfully used to differentiate coffee flavor from coco flavor and some little difference sample prepared with coffee flavor and coco flavor by both similarity comparison and principal component projection analysis. The developed method can be used for quality control of coffee flavor.     

Analysis of soil organic matter biomarkers by sequential chemical degradation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Low molecular weight (LMW) biomarkers can be used to trace the source and stage of soil organic matter. However, methods that selectively isolate these groups of compounds are underdeveloped. In this study, we isolate biomarkers by a successive series of extraction and chemical degradation procedures involving solvent extraction (TSE), base (BHY) and acid hydrolysis (AHY), and CuO oxidation (CUO). GC-MS was used to analyze these fractions and the extraction methods were verified by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. The GC-MS response was high for the BHY products (96%), intermediate for the TSE (30%) and CUO (19%), but very low for the AHY fraction (5%) indicating that the fractions contain polar or high molecular weight compounds. Aliphatic lipids (62%), phenols and benzyls (17%) were the predominant classes, accompanied by minor abundances of mono- and disaccharides, LMW acids, terpenoids, steroids, amino acids, and amino sugars. The TSE and BHY fractions contained mainly aliphatic lipids derived from plant waxes, cutin, and suberin. Lignin-derived phenols are the major products in the CUO fraction, and amino compounds and carbohydrates of various sources were identified in the AHY products. The sequential degradation method is useful for the isolation and identification of apolar, LMW biomarkers in soil.     

Analysis of Iranian rosemary essential oil: application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics

This paper focuses on characterization of the components of Iranian rosemary essential oil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) approach was used to overcome the problem of background, baseline offset and overlapping/embedded peaks in GC-MS. The analysis of GC-MS data revealed that sixty eight components exist in the rosemary essential oil. However, with the help of MCR this number was extended to ninety nine components with concentrations higher than 0.01%, which accounts for 98.23% of the total relative content of the rosemary essential oil. The most important constituents of the Iranian rosemary are 1,8-cineole (23.47%), α-pinene (21.74%), berbonone (7.57%), camphor (7.21%) and eucalyptol (4.49%).     

Comprehensive chemical profiling and quantification of Shexiang Xintongning tablets by integrating liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Shexiang Xintongning tablet (SXXTN) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) angina pectoris. However, due to the complexity of the compounds in SXXTN, the active chemical components responsible for the therapeutic effect are still ambiguous. The purpose of our study was to characterize the chemical profile of SXXTN and quantify the representative chemicals. The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF MS) method and gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method were utilized to identify the chemical constituents of SXXTN. A total of 140 compounds including alkaloids, ginsenosides, organic acids, esters, triterpenes, phthalides and amino acid were identified in accordance with their retention times, accurate masses and characteristic MS/MS fragment patterns. Forty-four volatile components were characterized by GC–MS through NIST database matching. In the further research of quantitative analysis, 40 non-volatile compounds and 17 volatile compounds were determined and successfully applied for detecting in 7 batches of SXXTN samples by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QQQ MS) and gas chromatograph coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-QQQ MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, respectively. The quantitative methods were verified in linearity, precision, repeatability stability and recovery. The above results indicated that the established method was practical and reliable for synthetical quality evaluation of SXXTN. In addition, our study might supplement the chemical evidence for disclosing the material basis of its therapeutic effects.     

Comparison of the volatile constituents of Artemisia capillaris from different locations by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and projection method

The volatile chemical constituents of Artemisia capillaries (an important traditional Chinese medicine) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sub-window factor analysis (SFA). Seventy-five components were separated and 43 of them were qualitatively and quantitatively determined, which represented about 89.03% of the total content. This profile was then used to identify and assess the consistency of the herb by using an orthogonal projection method. Four different sources of A. capillaries were analyzed and compared with each other. Among the components determined, there were 51 components coexisting in all samples although the relative peak areas of a few showed variations. It is the first time to apply orthogonal projection method to the comparison of different samples, and it reduces the burden of qualitative analysis as well as the subjectivity. The results showed a fair consistency in their GC-MS fingerprint. A. capillaris was distinguished from Artemisia sacrorum L., a possible substitute in traditional Chinese medicine by comparing the fingerprints with each other.