The research of used in aircraft optical windows sensor systems

The optical windows used in aircrafts protect their imaging sensors from environmental effects. Considering the imaging performance, flat surfaces are traditionally used in the design of optical windows. For aircrafts operating at high speeds, the optical windows should be relatively aerodynamic, but a flat optical window may introduce unacceptably high drag to the airframes. The linear scanning infrared sensors used in aircrafts with, respectively, a flat window, a spherical window and a toric window in front of the aircraft sensors are designed and compared. Simulation results show that the optical design using a toric surface has the integrated advantages of field of regard, aerodynamic drag, narcissus effect, and imaging performance, so the optical window with a toric surface is demonstrated to be suited for this application.     

The research of optical windows used in aircraft sensor systems

The optical windows used in aircrafts protect their imaging sensors from environmental effects.Considering the imaging performance,flat surfaces are traditionally used in the design of optical windows.For aircrafts operating at high speeds,the optical windows should be relatively aerodynamic,but a flat optical window may introduce unacceptably high drag to the airframes.The linear scanning infrared sensors used in aircrafts with,respectively,a flat window,a spherical window and a toric window in front of the aircraft sensors are designed and compared.Simulation results show that the optical design using a toric surface has the integrated advantages of field of regard,aerodynamic drag,narcissus effect,and imaging performance,so the optical window with a toric surface is demonstrated to be suited for this application.     

Dynamic transport characteristics of side-coupled double-quantum-impurity systems

A systematic study is performed on time-dependent dynamic transport characteristics of a side-coupled double-quantum-impurity system based on the hierarchical equations of motion. It is found that the transport current behaves like a single quantum dot when the coupling strength is low during tunneling or Coulomb coupling. For the case of only tunneling transition, the dynamic current oscillates due to the temporal coherence of the electron tunneling device. The oscillation frequency of the transport current is related to the step voltage applied by the lead, while temperature $T$, electron--electron interaction $U$ and the bandwidth $W$ have little influence. The amplitude of the current oscillation exists in positive correlation with $W$ and negative correlation with $U$. With the increase in coupling $t_{12}$ between impurities, the ground state of the system changes from a Kondo singlet of one impurity to a spin singlet of two impurities. Moreover, lowering the temperature could promote the Kondo effect to intensify the oscillation of the dynamic current. When only the Coulomb transition is coupled, it is found that the two split-off Hubbard peaks move upward and have different interference effects on the Kondo peak at the Fermi surface with the increase in $U_{12}$, from the dynamics point of view.     

Dynamic characteristics of a polyimide-liquid-crystal structure for optical informationprocessing systems

Holographic methods are used to conduct investigations on the dynamic characteristics of high-resolution optically controlled space-time light modulators. The diffraction grating is written with the second harmonic of a pulsed neodymium laser, and is read out by a cw He-Ne laser. A study is made of how the diffraction efficiency and the time characteristics of a polyimide-liquid-crystal structure are influenced by the supply pulse length, the writing energy density, and also the boundary conditions. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 95–99 (January 1997)     

Acoustic characteristics of reticent speech

Reticent speakers differ from nonreticent speakers in vocal characteristics, such as fundamental frequency, frequency range, fluency, and intensity, which prompt negative impressions on the part of listeners. Waveform and spectrographic analyses were performed on the vocal cues of 19 reticent and nonreticent subjects (57 speech samples). Statistically significant differences were found in fluency between reticent and nonreticent speech. Reticent male speakers also showed significantly higher F₀, whereas reticent female speakers demonstrated narrower frequency range. Identification and analysis of these characteristics are required for effective remediation.     

The influence of dummy head on measuring speech intelligibility

In order to investigate the influence of dummy head on measuring speech intelligibility,the objective and subjective speech intelligibility evaluation experiments were respectively carried out for different spatial configurations of a target source and a noise source in the horizontal plane.The differences between standard STIPA measured without a dummy head and binaural STIPA measured with a dummy head were compared and the correlation of subjective speech intelligibility and objective STIPA was analyzed.It is showed that the position of sound source affects significantly on binaural STIPA and subjective intelligibility measured by a dummy head or measured in a real-life scenario.The standard STIPA is closer to the lower value of the two binaural STIPA values.The speech intelligibility is higher for a single ear which is on the same side with the target source or on the other side of the noise source.Binaural speech intelligibility is always the lowest when both target and noise sources are at the same place but once apart the speech intelligibility will increase sharply.It is also found that the subjective intelligibility measured by a dummy head or measured in a real-life scenario is uncorrelated with standard STIPA,but correlated highly with STIPA measured with a dummy head.The subjective intelligibility of one single ear is correlated highly with STIPA measured at the same ear,and the binaural speech intelligibility is in well agreement with the higher value of the two binaural STIPA values.     

声学头模对语言清晰度测量的影响

借助声学头模考察了水平面不同语声源和噪声源位置对语言清晰度测量的影响,比较了有声学头模的双耳STIPA与无声学头模常规STIPA测量结果的差异,分别采用录听和现场测听方式进行了同等条件下的汉语听感清晰度主观评价实验,并分析了清晰度主客观结果的相关性。结果表明:声源位置对有声学头模的STIPA以及头模录制信号和真人现场实测的听感清晰度影响显著。无声学头模的STIPA更接近有声学头模时左右耳中较差的劣势耳的STIPA结果。单侧耳与语声源同侧或与噪声源异侧对应的单侧耳听感清晰度更高,语声源和噪声源重叠对应的双耳听感清晰度最低,声源分离可以显著提高双耳听感清晰度。头模录制信号和真人现场实测的听感清晰度与无声学头模STIPA不相关,与有声学头模的STIPA高度相关,其中单侧耳听感清晰度与该单侧耳STIPA高度相关,双耳听感清晰度与左右耳STIPA的较高值相关性最高。     

声学头模对语言清晰度测量的影响

借助声学头模考察了水平面不同语声源和噪声源位置对语言清晰度测量的影响,比较了有声学头模的双耳STIPA与无声学头模常规STIPA测量结果的差异,分别采用录听和现场测听方式进行了同等条件下的汉语听感清晰度主观评价实验,并分析了清晰度主客观结果的相关性。结果表明:声源位置对有声学头模的STIPA以及头模录制信号和真人现场实测的听感清晰度影响显著。无声学头模的STIPA更接近有声学头模时左右耳中较差的劣势耳的STIPA结果。单侧耳与语声源同侧或与噪声源异侧对应的单侧耳听感清晰度更高,语声源和噪声源重叠对应的双耳听感清晰度最低,声源分离可以显著提高双耳听感清晰度。头模录制信号和真人现场实测的听感清晰度与无声学头模STIPA不相关,与有声学头模的STIPA高度相关,其中单侧耳听感清晰度与该单侧耳STIPA高度相关,双耳听感清晰度与左右耳STIPA的较高值相关性最高。     

测量不确定度在光学实验教学中的应用

根据复旦大学物理系的教学实践经验,以牛顿环、分光计(分光仪)及迈克耳孙干涉仪等基础物理实验为例,阐述了在基础光学实验中进行测量不确定度的评估方法.     

Acoustic characteristics of Mandarin esophageal speech

The present study attempted to investigate the acoustic characteristics of Mandarin laryngeal and esophageal speech. Eight normal laryngeal and seven esophageal speakers participated in the acoustic experiments. Results from acoustic analyses of syllables /ma/and /ba/ indicated that, F0, intensity, and signal-to-noise ratio of laryngeal speech were significantly higher than those of esophageal speech. However, opposite results were found for vowel duration, jitter, and shimmer. Mean F0, intensity, and word per minute in reading were greater but number of pauses was smaller in laryngeal speech than those in esophageal speech. Similar patterns of F0 contours and vowel duration as a function of tone were found between laryngeal and esophageal speakers. Long-time spectra analysis indicated that higher first and second formant frequencies were associated with esophageal speech than that with normal laryngeal speech.     

光电池光特性的电子测量

应用伴随运算放大器可以精确测量光电池的光特性.本文给出了测量电路,并详细分析了电路原理,导出了光电池光特性的表达式,讨论了工作在线性区的条件.通过Matlab模拟验证,说明设计是正确的.     

Microstrip photonic crystals used for measuring parameters of liquids

Computer simulation and experimental study of the frequency dependences of the transmission and reflection coefficients of photonic crystals based on a microstrip structure are carried out in the case when the periodicity of the structure is violated by a change in the permittivity of the substrate of one of the alternating segments of the microstrip line. A method is developed for measuring parameters of the material playing the role of inhomogeneity in the open microwave photonic structure. The complex permittivity is determined for a number of polar and nonpolar liquids.     

汉语语音合成系统评价方法

从1994年开始,对汉语语音合成系统的工作性能定期举行全国评测.采用语言清晰度测试方法,1994年对五个不同的合成系统进行了评测和诊断.听音人为16名大学生(男8,女8),对合成言语没有经验.听音人响应是开放的听音记录.同时,还采用十点主观评价(MOS)测定言语自然度.为给出各合成系统音段层的诊断信息,对合成语音的辅音知觉混淆矩阵进行了分析.借助于对比自然言语和合成言语在不同语言层次上清晰度试验得分间的统计关系,来考察合成系统韵律特征处理的缺陷.结果表明,采用上述方法可得到评测合成系统工作性能的稳定合理的指标.有关韵律特征的评价方法有待于进一步发展.     

Quasioptical ferrite switches used in radiometric systems

A quasioptical ferrite switch is proposed as an essential building block in millimeter wave systems. In this communication the configuration of the quasioptical ferrite switch is described. The performance of the switch is calculated, and its application in radiometric system is pointed out. The isolation of such device is greater than 30 dB and insertion loss less than 1.0dB over whole W band.     

一种抗光干扰光幕靶的设计与改进

提出一种抗光干扰光幕靶的设计方法。当光幕靶工作于近炮口距离时,炮口火光会影响光幕靶产生误触发信号,从而影响测试系统的准确度。设计利用了光电器件阵列对火光同时反映的特点,设计光电补偿部件及前置放大减法器,将火光引起的变化的光电流信号抵消掉。分析了设计原理,并用实弹射击的方法验证了电路设计的正确性。     

Prediction of speech intelligibility for public address systems in traffic tunnels

Traffic tunnels are generally hostile acoustic environments, both in terms of reverberation and ambient noise levels. Public address (PA) systems used to convey spoken warnings must meet stringent design requirements in order to produce sufficiently intelligible speech. To be able to predict PA system performance at tunnel design time, two different speech transmission index (STI) calculation procedures were implemented. The first procedure predicts the STI based on ray-tracing simulations. Comparison with measured STI data showed that this simulation approach yields accurate intelligibility estimates. However, the procedure is time-consuming and too complex to be used by non-specialists. For this reason, a second (simpler and more efficient) procedure was developed, based on fixed non-linear regression, statistically deriving prediction functions from measured data and ray-tracing results. This procedure was compared to the approach based on ray tracing, and found to yield STI predictions closely matching those of the ray-tracing model.     

Reducing backaction when measuring temporal correlations in quantum systems

Dynamic correlations of quantum observables are challenging to measure due to measurement backaction incurred at early times. Recent work [P. Uhrich et al., Phys. Rev. A 96, 022127 (2017)] has shown that ancilla-based noninvasive measurements are able to reduce this backaction, allowing for dynamic correlations of single-site spin observables to be measured. We generalise this result to correlations of arbitrary spin observables and extend the measurement protocol to simultaneous noninvasive measurements which allow for real and imaginary parts of correlations to be extracted from a single set of measurements. We use positive operator-valued measures to analyse the dynamics generated by the ancilla-based measurements. Using this framework we prove that special observables exist for which measurement backaction is of no concern, so that dynamic correlations of these can be obtained without making use of ancillas.     

Dynamic damping in magnetic Sine-Gordon systems

We study the influence of the elastic degrees of freedom of a one-dimensional spin-chain with ferromagnetic Heisenberg coupling in situations, where the magnetic dynamics can be described by a Sine-Gordon model. Compatibility of the Sine-Gordon approach with spin-lattice coupling is shown, and CsNiF₃ and domain wall motion are discussed as concrete physical realizations. As a consequence of the spin-lattice interaction a soliton-phonon coupling arises, which destroys the formal Lorentz invariance of the Sine-Gordon system. The influence of this coupling on the soliton dynamics is investigated. It results in a dynamic damping of the soliton motion, which in general is not of viscous type. Moreover, the influences of the soliton-phonon coupling on the phonon dispersion are estimated and possible experimental consequences are discussed.Project of the Sonderforschungsbereich 65 Festkörperspektroskopie Darmstadt-Frankfurt financed by special funds of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Dynamic magnetization reversal in dipole systems

The possibility of magnetization reversal in two different systems of magnetic dipoles by preliminary excitation of certain oscillatory regimes is demonstrated using numerical analysis of bistable states of these systems. Cyclic magnetization reversal of the systems is executed by sequential alternation of the frequency of the applied ac field. The interaction of two ring-shaped dipole systems is analyzed and peculiarities of the change in the total magnetic moments induced by this interaction are revealed.